• 미생물학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 1971

In solid culture of Endomycopsis fibuliger No.55, Eudomuopsis javanensis No.112 and Candida tropicalis No.340, the conditions of enzyme (protease, anylase and cellulase) production and the influence of addition of $(NH_4)_2;SO_4$ were examined, and the results obtained were as follows. 10 Wheat bran medium is found to be the best on the enzyme production in case of simple material. The optimum conditions ; are water content added 100 to 120%, temperature 25 to $80^{\circ}C$ and incubation times 2 to 3 days. 2) The cellulase production was scarely produced in the case of Endomyopsis fibuliger No.55, as well as, the amylase production was scarely producted in the case of Endomycopsis javanensis No.112 and Candida tropicalis No.340. 3) The enzyme production was remarkably increased when 5% of$(NH_4)_2;SO_4$ as inorganic nitrogen sources was admixed to wheat bran. 4) When 5% of $(NH_4)_2;SO_4$ was admixed to medium, the ratio of protein increase was 10.2 to 17.7% in wheat bran medium and 10.6 to 17.9% in sweet potato cake medium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

The effects of grass lipids and long chain fatty acids (LCFA; palmitic, stearic and oleic acids), at low concentrations (0.001~0.02%), on the growth and enzyme activity of two strains of anaerobic fungi, monocentric strain Piromyces rhizinflata B157 and polycentric strain Orpinomyces joyonii SG4, were investigated. The addition of grass lipids to the medium significantly (p<0.05) decreased filter paper (FP) cellulose digestion, cellulase activity and fungal growth compared to control treatment. However, LCFA did not have any significant inhibitory effects on fungal growth and enzyme activity, which, however, were significantly (p<0.05) stimulated by the addition of oleic acid as have been observed in rumen bacteria and protozoa. This is the first report to our knowledge on the effects of LCFA on the rumen anaerobic fungi. Continued work is needed to identify the mode of action of LCFA in different fungal strains and to verify whether these microorganisms have ability to hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-97
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• 1971

Myriococcum albomycesf가 생산하는 섬유소 분해효소군에 관한 연구로서 호소생산배지 및 조효소의 성질을 규명하고 몇 가지 효소군으로 정제한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 밀기울 고채해양의 각 효소 활성은 쌀겨고체배양 및 탈지대두박고체배양의 그것보다 강하였다. 2. 밀기울진탕, 쌀겨진탕배양 및 대두박진탕배양등은 상기의 고체배양보다 각 효소의 활성이 우수하였다. 3. $45^{\circ}C$에서 배양한 것이 배양기의 종류에 관계없이 $37^{\circ}C$ 및 $50^{\circ}C$에서 배양한 것보다 각 효소의 활성이 강하였다. 4. CMCase는 무기 질소원보다 유기 질소원을 첨가하므로서 더욱 생성이 촉진되었다. 5. 기본밀기울진탕배양기에 CMC, Avicel, 여지분말 등의 indncer를 첨가 하므로서 각 효소활성은 $1.5{\sim}3$배나 증가되었다. 6. CMC와 Avicel을 inducer로 하여 jar formentor에서 배양할 때 작 효소의 활성은 대개 5일째에 최고에 달하였다. 7. Cellulae 조효소의 최적 pH는 $4.0{\sim}4.5$, pH안정성은 $3.5{\sim}8.0$이였다. 그리고 최적온도는 $65^{\circ}C$ 부근으로 다른 사상균의 cellulase에 비하여 높으며 온도안정성도 $60^{\circ}C$에서 120분으로 거의 실활되지 않았다. 8. 조효소의 활성은 $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$으로 부활되며, $Hg^{++}$, $Cu^{++}$, $Ag^{+}$는 강한 저해체였다. 그리고 투석으로 약간 그 활성이 저하되었다. 9. 배양액을 여과하고 황산암모니움 분획, DEA-E-sephadex A-25, Amberlite CG-50 및 hydroxy-apatite column chromatography로 Avicel, CMC, 여지 분말에 대하여 활성이 다른 4개의 fraction을 분리 하고 이를 cellulase fraction I, fraction II-a, fraction II-b 및 fraction III라고 명명하였다. 10. 이들 4개의 fraction은 전기 영동, 초원심상 및 자외선흡수 등으로 보아서 단일의 단백질로 생각되었다. 11. Fraction I은 Avicelase활성이 강하고, fraction II-a는 cellobiase 활성이 강하였다. 그리고 fraction II는 CMCase 활성이 강하였으며, fraction III는 CMC 점도감소 활성이 강하였다. 12. 섬유소질을 각 fraction으로 가수분해한 최종산물은 cellobiose 및 glucose였다. 그리고 fraction I과 fraction II-a는 Avicel을 협동적으로 분해하였다. 13. Fraction I의 최적 pH 5.5, fraction II-a는 pH 5.0, fraction II-b는 pH 4.0, fractionIII는 pH $4.0{\sim}4.5$이며, 각 fraction의 pH 안정성은 pH $3.0{\sim}7.0$이였다. 14. Fraction I의 최적온도는 $50^{\circ}C$, fractionII-a는 $55{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, fraction II-b 는 $60^{\circ}C$, fraction III는 $55^{\circ}C$이며 각 fraction의 열안정성은 $55^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 120분으로 거의 실활되지 않고 fraction II-a는 $60^{\circ}C$에서도 특별히 안정하였다. 15. Fraction I과 fraction II-b 활성은 $Ag^{++}$, $Hg^{++}$에 의하여 저해되며 $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$으로는 부활되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 1988

호알칼리성 Bacillus sp. F204와 Bacillus sp. K 17간에 원형질체 융합에 의한 cellulase와 xylanase를 동시에 생산하는 균주를 개발하기 위하여 두 균주에 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml NTG를 처리한 후 약제내성변이주 인 S20(Km$^r$, Cm$^r$과 G70(Str$^r$)을 분리하였다. 원형질체 형성율은 균체를 대수증식기 중기까지 배양하여 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 Iysozyme으로 37$^{\circ}C$에서 30-45분간 처리하였을 때 약 95%였다. 재생배지에 0.4-0.5M sodium succinate, 0.5% casamino acid, 1.5% polvinylpyrrolidone, 25mM MgC1$_2$및 50mM CaC1$_2$를 첨가하므로 Bacillus sp. F204와 Bacillus sp. K17의 재생율은 각각 24.9%, 26.2%였다. 50mM $Ca^{++}$을 첨가한 30%의 PEG 6,000용액을 45$^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 융합시킴으로써 6.2$\times$$10^{-6}$ 빈도로 융합주를 얻었다. cellulase, xylanase 및 avicelase를 생산하는 융합주는 모균주와 비교하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.272-276
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• 1994

액체형태의 건강보조 식품이나 의약품에 이용하기 위한 계피 extracts의 제조방법을 실험하였다. Cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, ${\beta}-1.4\;glucosidase$, tannase, lipase를 사용하여 계피를 분해할 경우에 계피 중량의 1.0% 농도로 효소를 첨가하는 것이 고형분 수율 면에서 적정하였으며, 각 효소의 최적 pH와 온도에서 2시간 분해시킨 후 $80^{\circ}C$에서 다시 2시간 추출한 계피 추출액의 cinnamic aldehyde의 양은 효소간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 고형분 수율과 갈색도 및 항산화 활성도에서는 hemicellulase 처리가 효과적이었다. 염과 당, 항산화 작용 상승제, 산, 알칼리를 첨가하여 추출하였을 때 고형분 수율은 산과 알칼리 첨가구에서, 항산화 활성도는 glucose와 Na-ascorbate 첨가구에서 높았으며, 갈색도와 cinnamic aldehyde는 Na-citrate 첨가구에서 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2013

Paddy rice is rarely used as a feed because of its high fiber content. In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplementing an enzyme complex consisting of xylanase, beta-glucanase and cellulase, to paddy-based diets on the performance and nutrient digestibility in meat-type ducks. In the both experiments, meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) were randomly assigned to four treatments. Treatment 1 was a basal diet of corn-soybean; treatment 2 was a basal diet of corn-paddy-soybean; treatment 3, had enzyme complex added to the corn-paddy-soybean basal diet at levels of 0.5 g/kg diet; and treatment 4, had enzyme complex added to the corn-paddy-soybean diet at levels of 1.0 g/kg diet. The results showed that the enzyme complex increased the ADG, and decreased the ADFI and F/G significantly (p<0.05) in the ducks, and the ADFI for the ducks fed the corn-paddy-soybean diet showed no difference compared to the ducks fed corn-soybean diets at all stages of the experiment (p<0.05). When corn was partially replaced by paddy, the digestibility of CP and NDF was decreased and increased, respectively (p<0.05), and the level of enzyme complex had a significant effect on both CP and NDF digestibility (p<0.05). As for the AME, addition of enzyme complex increased it significantly (p<0.05), but both diet types and levels of enzyme complex had no effect (p>0.05). The outcome of this research indicates that the application of enzyme complex made up of xylanase, beta-glucanase, and cellulase, in the corn-paddy-soybean diet, can improve performance and nutrition digestibility in meat-type ducks.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 1996

The adsorption of cellulase on celluloses with different crystallinities was carried out In nonionic surfactant(Tween 20) solution. Highly crystallized celluloses were prepared by enzymatic prehydrolyzation. From the experiments, the Langmuir isotherm parameters, maximum adsorption amount (Amax) and adsorption equilibrium constant(Kad) for the adsorption, were obtained in the presence and absence of nonionic surfactant. It was found that the Kad values were decreased by adding Tween 20. This indicates that the adsorption affinity is reduced by nonionic surfactant, and Amax decreased with increasing crystallinity under conditions accompanying in both the presence and absence of surfactant. The thermodynamic parameters such as $\Delta$Ha, $\Delta$Ga, and $\Delta$Sa for the adsorption were calculated by using the experimental data. From these results, it was found that the adsorption processes are exothermic reactions in both the presence and absence of surfactant. The heats of adsorption in surfactant solution(-4.68∼-3.62KJmol-1) are smaller than that of the adsorption in the absence of surfactant(-15.60∼-12.10KJmol-1). These results indicated that the tightness of adsorption was reduced by the addition of surfactant. The $\Delta$Sa values were estimated to be positive. This may suggest that the water and solute are released from cellulose on adsorption. The $\Delta$Sa values in surfactant solution are larger than that of the adsorption in the absence of surfactant. This may suggest that the binding of surfactant on hydrophobic region of cellulase cause dispersion of water and solute molecule orienting around the enzyme molecule. The surfactant played an important role in the desorption of enzyme from cellulose functional groups, and enhance the saccharification of the cellulose.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1986

Ganoderma lucidum의 개체배양물(個體培養物)로 부터 얻은 cellulase를 ammonium sulfate fractionation으로 조정제(組精製)한 후(後) 이 효소(酵素)의 기본적(基本的)인 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 이 효소(酵素)의 최적작용(最摘作用) pH와 온도(溫度)는 각각 pH $4.0{\sim}7.0$사이와 $50^{\circ}C$ 이하(以下)의 온도(溫度)에서는 비교적(比較的) 안정(安定)하였다. CMC-2Na분해(分解)에 대한 activation energy는 6.2 Kcal/mole이었다. $Mg^{++},\;Co^{++}$에 의해서 효소활성(酵素活性)이 증가(增加)되었으나 $Hg^{++}$에 의해서는 저해(沮害)되었다. 한편 본(本) 효소활성(酵素活性)은 SDS에 의해서 약 27%저해(沮害)된 것을 제외(除外)하고는 여러가지 chemical reagents에 의해서는 아무런 영향(影響)을 받지 않았다. 본(本) 효소(酵素)의 CMC-2Na에 대한 Km치(値)는 2.4 mg/ml였으며 CMC-2Na 이외(以外)에 천연(天然) cellulose에도 작용(作用)을 하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.318-322
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• 2006

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of extrusion of ginseng roots in twin screw extruder on susceptibility of ginseng starch toward hydrolysis by ${\alpha}-amylase$ BAN 480L (Novozyme, Denmark) and cellulase Celluclast 150L and saccharification by amyloglucosidase AMG-E (Novozyme, Denmark). The extrusion was conducted at 22% and 30% moisture contents of feed at screw speed 300 rpm. Barrel temperature at zone 1 was adjusted at $100^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$. The results showed that extrusion process improved the ginseng ${\alpha}-amylase$ susceptibility as compared to traditionally dried ginseng (white and red ginseng). Reducing sugar of hydrolyzed extruded samples was 2,500% of its initial concentration, whereas the reducing sugar of hydrolyzed non-extruded sample was only 200% of its initial concentration. However, addition of cellulase during liquefaction lowered the saccharification yield of both non-extruded and extruded samples as well.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1993

Broad, mercerized broad, mercerized twill cotton fabrics and rayon fabric were treated with cellulase for 30~480 minutes at different temperature, concentration, time, and also treating methods such as continuously-treated or repeatedly-treated, and dyed with two direct dyes before or after enzyme treatment. From the experimental result by treating under the various conditions above, it was obtained that the weight loss increased more in thin fabric than thick one. In addition, it was considered that the treatment in 5$0^{\circ}C$ for 240 minutes brought about the ideal weight loss and flexible hand of the specimens. For both broad and mercerized broad, repeated treatment showed more weight loss than continuous. Direct dye on cotton fabric apparently inhibited hydrolysis. Ionic surfactants showed the inhibition effect of the catalytic hydrolysis of enzyme, on the other hand, nonionic surfactant did not.