• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.521-531
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• 2023

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has shown great potential in the nanoscale regime as a replacement for CMOS technology. This work presents a specific approach to static random-access memory (SRAM) cell based on 2:1 multiplexer, 4-bit SRAM array, and 32-bit SRAM array in QCA. By utilizing the proposed SRAM array, a single-layer 16×32-bit SRAM with the read/write capability is presented using an optimized signal distribution network (SDN) crossover technique. In the present study, an extremely-optimized 2:1 multiplexer is proposed, which is used to implement an extremely-optimized SRAM cell. The results of simulation show the superiority of the proposed 2:1 multiplexer and SRAM cell. This study also provides a more efficient and accurate method for calculating QCA costs. The proposed extremely-optimized SRAM cell and SRAM arrays are advantageous in terms of complexity, delay, area, and QCA cost parameters in comparison with previous designs in QCA, CMOS, and FinFET technologies. Moreover, compared to previous designs in QCA and FinFET technologies, the proposed structure saves total energy consisting of overall energy consumption, switching energy dissipation, and leakage energy dissipation. The energy and structural analyses of the proposed scheme are performed in QCAPro and QCADesigner 2.0.3 tools. According to the simulation results and comparison with previous high-quality studies based on QCA and FinFET design approaches, the proposed SRAM reduces the overall energy consumption by 25%, occupies 33% smaller area, and requires 15% fewer cells. Moreover, the QCA cost is reduced by 35% compared to outstanding designs in the literature.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.85-98
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop a land use planning model (LUPM) which can be applied to development of rural villages considering their spatial expansion. The LUPM finds out and allocates the new built site required for the improvement of existing villages. in the development of LUPM, CA (cellular automata) and land suitability analysis methods were applied combinedly. The model uses basically numerical data of CIS based on grid data. Agglomerated settlement, as a type of village for simulation, was adopted. Probability of land use change for optimizing development area was calculated by the six criteria: slope. drainage characteristic, direction of slope, as absolute suitability of grid itself, distance from road. distance from stream and distance from the village center, as relative probability by neighborhood cells. Weighting values of these criteria were quantified by AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method, which is one of MCE(multi-criteria evaluation) method. The algorithm of the model was verified by three example villages: an isolation village, a village with horizontal road, and a village with nodal point of cross road

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.7 s.93
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• pp.65-79
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• 2006

The ATIS(Advance Traveler Information System), as one part of ITS, is a system aiming to disperse traffic volume on transportation networks by providing traffic information to transportation users on pre-trip and en-route trips. One of tools in ATIS is usage of VMS(Variable Message Signs). It provides to the drivers with direct information about state of processing direction. which is considered as the most effective method in ATIS. The purposes of providing VMS information are classified two categories. One is to provide simple information to drivers for their convenience. The other is to manage traffic demand to improve transportation network performance. However, for more effective and reliable VMS information, several strategies should be taken into account. The main VMS management strategy is "Traffic Diversion Strategy for minimum delay" when traffic congestion or incident are occurred. For effective operation. firstly. reasonable diversion traffic volume is determined by network traffic condition Secondly, it is necessary to make providing information strategy which reflects driver response behavior for controling diversion traffic volume. This paper focuses on the providing real-time route guidance information by VMS when congestion is occurred by the incidents. This sturdy estimates time-dependent system optimal diversion rate that inflects travel time and queue lengths using traffic flow simulation model on base Cellular Automata. In addition, route choice behavior models are developed using binary logit model for traffic information variable by traffic system controller. Finally, this study provides time-dependent VMS massage contents and degree of providing information in order to optimize the traffic flow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2003

In this paper, Associative Memory with Cellular Neural Networks classifies and recognizes image patterns as an operator applied to image process. CNN processes nonlinear data in real-time like neural networks, and made by cell which communicates with each other directly through its neighbor cells as the Cellular Automata does. It is applied to the optimization problem, associative memory, pattern recognition, and computer vision. Image processing with CNN is appropriate to 2-D images, because each cell which corresponds to each pixel in the image is simultaneously processed in parallel. This paper shows the method for designing the structure of associative memory based on CNN and getting output image by choosing the most appropriate weight pattern among the whole learned weight pattern memories. Each template represents weight values between cells and updates them by learning. Hebbian rule is used for learning template weights and LMS algorithm is used for classification.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The modelling and simulation of the activation process for the heart system is meaningful to understand special excitatory and conductive system in the heart and to study cardiac functions because the heart activation conducts through this system. This thesis proposes two dimensional cellular automaton(CA) model for the activation process of the myocardium and conducted simulation by means of discrete time and discrete event algorithm. In the model, cells are classified into anatomically similar characteristic parts of the heart and each of cells has a set of cells with preassigned properties. Each cell in this model has state variables to represent the state of the cell and has some state transition rules to change values of state variables executed by state transition function. The state transition rule is simple as follows. First, the myocardium cell at rest stay in passive state. Second, if any one of neighborhood cell in the myocardium cell is active state then the state is change from passive to active state. Third, if cell's state is an active then automatically go to the refractory state after activation phase. Four, if cell's state is refractory then automatically go to the passive state after refractory phase. These state transition is processed repeatedly in all cells through the termination of simulation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2001

In this paper, We proposed a pseudo-random bit sequence generator based on the concept of n-dimensional cellular automata which is a method of analyzing dynamical systems. The proposed generator is designed for using and disusing key. And the key size is variable from 128 bits to 256 bits. The generator was estimated to generate 380Mbits/sec under Pentium MMX 200MHz (64M RAM, Windows 98).

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 1999

Using Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM) which is a high-bandwidth, low-delay, cell switching and multiplexing technology, Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) can support communication services of all kinds. To evaluate the performance of ATM networks, traffic source models to meet the requirements are demanded. We can obtain random traffic distribution for ATM networks by using the Cellular Automata (CA) which have effective random pattern generation capability. In this paper we propose an algorithm using 2-D LHCA to generate more effective random patterns with good random characteristics. And we show that the randomness by 2-D LHCA is better than that of the randomness by 1-D LHCA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.83-86
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 합성된 90/150 그룹 셀룰라 오토마타의 특성다항식을 분석하고 이러한 셀룰라 오토마타의 구조와 특성다항식의 관계를 살펴본다. 또한 최대길이를 갖는 그룹 셀룰라 오토마타로부터 유도된 여원 셀룰라 오토마타의 구조가 선형 셀룰라 오토마타와 동형임을 밝힌다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2006

GF(2)위에서 최대길이를 갖는 n-셀 90/150 셀룰라 오토마타의 각 셀은 길이가 $2^n-1$인 수열을 생성한다. 이러한 셀룰라 오토마타의 임의의 셀에 대한 출력수열은 다른 셀에 대한 출력수열의 위치를 이동함으로써 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 주어진 셀룰라 오토마타의 상태전이행렬의 특성다항식에 의한 동차 선형점화식을 만족하는 충격반응수열을 이용하여 셀들의 위상이동차를 계산하는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to develop a simulation model for analyzing 2D truss structure using Generic Agricultural System Simulator (GASS). Although the truss is simple structure, numerical methods based on matrix analysis are cumbersome and complicated. This study suggests simple and convenient methods to remove calculating steps for whole stiffness matrices. The simulation environment based on independency of object-oriented components on GASS consists of component development and component deploy stages. A component for a truss structure is implemented based on equilibrium equations at nodes. The simulator can analyze truss structures through deploying components with attributes and links. The examples using GASS show intuitive graphical results of the movements of truss nodes.