압력 저속 냉동 방법의 쥐 치아 치주인대세포 보존 효율 평가 (THE EFFICACY OF PROGRAMMED CRYO-PRESERVATION UNDER PRESSURE IN RAT PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS)
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- Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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- 제34권4호
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- pp.356-363
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- 2009
본 연구의 목적은 흰 쥐의 상악 대구치를 발거한 후 치주인대세포를 압력을 이용한 저속 냉동 보관법으로 냉동 보관시 치주인대세포의 활성도를 저속 냉동법, 냉장 보관법과 비교하여 평가하고자 하였다. 생후 4주된 암컷 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 상악 좌우 제 1,2 대구치를 발거하여 각 군 당 18개의 쥐 치아를 MTT, WST-1 검색에 이용하였다. 실험군은 4개군으로 대조군은 즉시 발치군이며,
본 연구에서는 제주 한라산 일대에서 자생하고 있는 제주조릿대의 말 사료 자원화 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 제주조릿대의 사료적 가치를 평가하기 위해서 제주조릿대를 생초로 TMR에 첨가하여 한라마에게 급여한 후 한라마의 성장, 혈액 성상을 조사하였다. 사료 섭취량은 조릿대 첨가 TMR을 급여한 처리구가 대조구보다 높았지만 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며 섭취에 따른 증체량도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 공시마의 혈액에 대한 일반 성분을 분석한 결과, 대조구에 비해 처리구의 MPV 수치가 유의적으로 낮았지만(p<0.05) 정상 수치 내에 있었고 다른 수치도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 콜레스테롤 등의 수치는 기존의 연구 결과와 다소 차이가 있게 나타나 제주조릿대를 급여한 말에서 콜레스테롤이 더 높아지는 경향을 보였고 특히 LDL이 유의적으로 높게 나타났지만(p<0.05) 정상 수준이었다. 이는 제주조릿대의 첨가비율이 콜레스테롤 수치에 영향을 미칠 만큼 많지 않았기 때문으로 사료된다. 면역 수치에서도 처리구에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 제주조릿대 20% 첨가 TMR의 급여에 따른 일반 혈액성상(CBC, complete blood cell count) 및 화학 수치를 조사한 결과, 모든 수치가 정상 범위 안에 있었고, 콜레스테롤 관련 수치에서도 제주조릿대 미첨가 사료와 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 정상 범위 내에 있어 말용 TMR 생산 시 제주조릿대를 조사료의 대체 자원으로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.
목적: 일차 슬관절 전치환술을 받은 환자들에게서 트라넥삼산의 효능을 확인하고, 트라넥삼산의 정맥 내 사용 방법과 관절 내 투여 군을 비교하여 어떤 방법이 혈액 손실 감소 효과가 더 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이 연구는 광주보훈병원에서 2017년 3월부터 2019년 2월까지 일차 슬관절 전치환술을 받은 환자들에 대한 후향적 연구이다. 단측 일차 슬관절 전치환술을 시행 받은 총 210명의 환자가 연구에 포함되었다. 트라넥삼산 사용 방법에 따라 각각 70명의 환자들에 대해 3개의 그룹으로 나누었다(Group I: 정맥 내 투여 군, Group II: 관절 내 투여 군, Group III: 트라넥삼산을 사용하지 않은 군). 그룹 간 수술 후 총 실혈량, 헤모글로빈 감소치, 수혈 단위를 비교하였다. 결과: 총 실혈량은 관절 내 투여 군(1,136±339 ml) 및 트라넥삼산을 사용하지 않은 군(1,366±866 ml)보다 정맥 내 사용 군(987±449 ml)에서 더 낮았다(p=0.004). 수술 후 헤모글로빈의 손실 또한 정맥 내 사용 군(1.8 g/dl)에서 관절 내 투여 군(2.9 g/dl)이나 투여하지 않은 군(3.5 g/dl)보다 현저히 낮았다(p<0.01). 수혈 빈도는 트라넥삼산을 사용하지 않은 그룹(5.7%)에서 더 높았으며 정맥 내 사용 시 1.4%를 보이고, 관절 내 투여한 군에서 수혈을 받은 환자는 없었다. 혈전색전증의 발생 빈도는 그룹 간 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 일차 슬관절 전치환술 시행 시 트라넥삼산을 사용한 환자 군에서 사용한지 않은 군에 비해 총 실혈량을 유의하게 감소시켰고, 관절 내 투여보다는 정맥 내로 투여하는 것이 더 효과적이었다. 정맥 내 투여로 인한 합병증은 관절 내 투여 및 트라넥삼산을 사용하지 않은 군과 비교해 유의한 차이는 없었다.
본 연구는 화청벼와 IR24의 돌연변이 계통인 분상질 및 심백 변이체의 작물학적 및 이화학적특성과 제병 및 알콜발효특성을 조사하여 그 가공적 이용성을 검토하고 분상질배유 유전자의 유전분리와 표지인자들과의 연관 관계를 밝히고자 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 돌연변이체의 종실은 원품종에 비해 작았으며, 천입중과 1
본 연구는 체외에서 성숙된 한우 미수정란이 새로운 초자화 동결 방법인 MVC 방법으로 성공적으로 동결 보존될 수 있는지의 여부를 확인하고자 실시하였다. 초자화 동결을 위해서 미수정 난자는 EG10에서 5~10분간 전처리하고 EG30에서 30초간 노출하였으며 0.25
본 연구는 USCG phase-II의 형식승인 기준인 자연상태 생물군집의 75 % 이상 유지하여야 하는 평가체계에 대비하여 자연생물군집 농축 및 선박평형수관리시스템(Ballast Water Management System, BWMS) 처리 전 후 생물사멸시험을 실시하였다. 자연 식물플랑크톤군집의 농축 조사는 중영양수계인 장목만과 부영양화수계의 마산만에서 동계에 수행하였다. 장목만과 마산만에서 1톤 기준으로 생물을 농축하였을 경우,
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.