• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1996

The objective of this study was to examine the cell number of Total, ICM and TE cells of bovine blastocysts according to development progression cultured in CR1 medium, which was reported as successfully supporting medium for preimplantaion bovine embryo development to the blastocyst stage, by differential labelling of the nuclei with immunosurgery and polynucleot-ide-specific fluorochromes. Blastocysts were obtained at day 8 after in vitro fertilization and classified to early, middle, expanded stage according to the developmental morphology; blastocoel expansion and zona thickness. Also, bias tocysts in the same category were divided into two parts to check the Total cell number by using bisbenzimide only and ICM, TE and Total cell number by using immunosurgery and two polynucleotide-specific fluorochromes. 1) The development rate of blastocysts at day 8 after in vitro fertilization was 29.3% and classified bIas tocysts to early, middle, expanded and hatching stage were 8.7, 9.9, 7.6 and 3.1%, respectively. 2) The numbers of total blastomere using bisbenzimide in the classified blastocysts to early, middie and expanded were 46.9${\pm}$8.6, 66.2${\pm}$12.5 and 122.8 ${\pm}$ 14.4, respectively. This indicated that CR1 is a appropriate culture medium for bovine embryo development. 3) The count of ICM and TE cell number by using differential labelling with immunosurgery and polynucleotide-specific fluorochromes in the classified blastocysts to early, middle and expanded; ICM cell numbers of were 12.8${\pm}$5.9, 26.3${\pm}$8.4 and 35.5${\pm}$15.0, respectively and TE cell numbers were 30.5${\pm}$5.0, 4 41.3${\pm}$8.2 and 81.1${\pm}$13.4, respectively. These results presented that the increase of ICM and TE cell numbers averaged two and three doublings between early and expanded blastocyst stage and also total cell number counted from ICM nuclei and TE nuclei by using differential label-ling showed the increase pattern with development advance level and the results were similar to total cell number obtained from bisbenzimide treatment only. Therefore, the differential labelling of ICM and TE nuclei in situ is a very useful technique to evaluate embryo qualities and can be used as an indicator on study of preim-plantation embryo development.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2015

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood G. biloba, ring-porous wood A. altissima, and diffuse- porouswood D. kaki. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Radial flow speed was found highest in ray parenchyma of G. biloba. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of G. biloba was found the highest among all cells considered in D. kaki and A. altissima.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2013

To demonstrate that follistatin treatment enhances the efficiency of nuclear transfer (SCNT), cell allocation and preimplantational development were determined in bovine SCNT embryos in the present study. Treatment of activated SCNT embryos with 10 ng/ml follistatin significantly increased the proportion of blastocyst development compared to untreated SCNT embryos. In addition, an increase in trophectoderm (TE) cell numbers and relatively higher proportion of TE cells to total cells were observed, but the number of inner cell mass (ICM) cell and total cell numbers were not changed (P < 0.05). No significant effect of other doses of follistatin was observed for the above endpoints. However, treatment with 1 and 10 ng/ml follistatin reduced the proportion of nuclear transfer blastocysts with an ICM ratio of > 60% relative to untreated nuclear transfer blastocysts at Day 7. No significant effect of follistatin treatment on proportions of nuclear transfer blastocysts with ICM ratio of 20-40% or 40-60% was observed. Taken together, these results suggested that follistatin can be used to increase developmental competence of SCNT embryos in terms of cell allocation, particularly TE cells, during preimplantation stages, subsequently enhancing placentation and birth of live offspring.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2023

Precise counting of cell number stands in important position within clinical and research laboratories. Conventional methods such as hemocytometer, migration/invasion assay, or automated cell counters have limited in analytical time, cost, and accuracy., which needs an alternative way with time-efficient in-situ approach to broaden the application avenue. Here, we present simple coding-based cell counting method using image analysis tool, freely available image software (ImageJ). Firstly, we encapsulated RFP-expressing bacteria in a droplet using microfluidic device and automatically performed fluorescence image-based analysis for the quantification of cell numbers. Also, time-lapse images were captured for tracking the change of cell numbers in a droplet containing different concentrations of antibiotics. This study confirms that our approach is approximately 15 times faster and provides more accurate number of cells in a droplet than the external analysis program method. We envision that it can be used to the development of high-throughput image-based cell counting analysis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.367-374
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of transfer temperature of epididymis on survival rate of semen and development ability of B6D2F1 mice embryos. No significant differences were noted in the survival rate of semen ($59.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $47.6%{\pm}0.1$), in vitro fertilization rate ($90.7%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $90.7%{\pm}0.1$), developmental rate ($90.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $90.0%{\pm}0.1$), and blastocysts formation rate ($53.1%{\pm}0.2$ vs. $52.3%{\pm}0.2$) between groups. (NS; P>0.05). However, the zona hatched rate was significantly higher in the $4^{\circ}C$ group compared to those of the $37^{\circ}C$ group ($47.8%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $25.6%{\pm}0.2$; p<0.05). When it comes to cell numbers of blastocysts, the % ICM (/total cells) was significantly higher in the group of $4^{\circ}C$ compared to the $37^{\circ}C$ ($27.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $18.3%{\pm}0.1$; p<0.05). However there were no differences in total cell numbers ($72.7{\pm}31.6$ vs. $62.0{\pm}36.6$), ICM cell numbers ($17.0{\pm}7.8$ vs. $14.6{\pm}8.6$), TE cell numbers ($55.8{\pm}29.8$ vs. $64.0{\pm}24.4$), the ratio of ICM:TE ($1:4.2{\pm}4.1$ vs. $1:6.4{\pm}7.2$) between two groups (NS; P>0.05). Taken altogether, it is expected to achieve the best developmental ability of B6D2F1 mice embryos in the transfer temperature of epididymis. Also these results can provide fundamental data to maximize culture condition for in vitro fertilization on B6D2F1 mice. In future, therefore, it is expected that results herein might be applied for in vitro culture of human embryos.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the effect of types of oil (OVOIL vs. OIL) on B6D2F1 mice oogenesis. In this study, B6D2F1 F1 mice were used in order to maximize oogenesis. The expansion rate of cumulus cells ($82.0%{\pm}0.2$ vs. $78.0%{\pm}0.1$), in vitro fertilization rate ($92.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $88.0%{\pm}0.1$), developmental rate ($91.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $87.0%{\pm}0.2$), blastocysts formation rate ($56.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $57.0%{\pm}0.1$), and zona hatched rate($41.4%{\pm}0.2$ vs. $24.0%{\pm}0.1$) were not different between groups (NS; P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in maturation rate; the OVOIL group showed higher maturation rate compared to that of the OIL group ($96.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $87.0%{\pm}0.1$; P<0.05). In the blastocysts cell numbers, the total cell numbers ($83.9{\pm}26.1$ vs. $56.9{\pm}23.9$), ICM cell numbers ($15.7{\pm}8.8$ vs. $6.3{\pm}3.5$), TE cell numbers ($68.3{\pm}25.7$ vs. $50.7{\pm}24.1$), % ICM ($21.6%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $12.7%{\pm}0.1$), and the ratio of ICM:TE ($1:6.2{\pm}6.5$ vs. $1:10.3{\pm}7.0$) were significantly higher in the OVOIL group than the OIL group (P<0.05). These results suggested that it is expected to achieve the more developmental ability of B6D2F1 mice depending on the type of oil (OVOIL vs. OIL). In addition, the results can provide essential information for culture condition on B6D2F1 mice. Henceforth, thus, it is expected that these results herein might be used for in vitro culture of human embryos.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.158-167
• /
• 1998

Natural convection heat transfer in a rectangular enclosure is investigated numerically for low aspect ratio(height/width) cavities. Numerical results are obtained for aspect ratios between ${10}^{-2}$ and ${10}^0$, Rayleight numbers from ${10}^3$ to ${10}^7$ and Prandtl numbers from 10$^{-2}$ to 10$^3$. Results are compared with existing analytical and experimental results. A heat transfer correlation is developed to predict the mean Nusselt number as a function of the three governing dimensionless parameters: Rayleigh number, aspect ratio and Prandtl number.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 1981

To carry out baseline studies on monitoring systems for red tides in Jinhae bay, measurements and analyses were made on seawater samples from 15 sampling stations during 15 months from July, 1979. Water quality parameters studied are temperature, pH, DO, salinity, COD, SS, NO$\sub$3/, NO$\sub$2/, PO$\sub$4/, SiO$\sub$2/, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$, diatoms and dinoflagellates. Multiple regression analyses were undertaken with chlorophyll ${\alpha}$, cell numbers of diatoms and dinoflagellates as the dependent variables and water quality parameters as the independent variables. The results showed that biomass, expressed as total cell numbers of diatoms and dinoflagellates, was largely influenced by COD, salinity and nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 1995

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of mixed convection heat transfer in a rectangular en-closure with various outlets are numerically investigated. The parameters considered here include Reynolds number, Grashof number and the position of outlet. The results show streamlines, isotherms, Nusselt numbers, velocity and temperature distributions. It has been shown that as Reynolds number increases, the size of cell decreases at Re$\leq$100 and increases at Re>100 for $Gr=10^4$. There is a minimum size of cells at Re=100, $Gr=10^4$. The maximum mean Nusselt number occurs at Re=400, $Gr=10^4$ and one right outlet. The mean Nusselt numbers can be formulated by the correlation equation $Nu=C{\cdot}Gr^a{\cdot}Re^b$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2002

Efffcts of physico-chemical factors on the zonation and vertical distribution of benthic microalgal communities in the tidal flats of Youngkwang and Canaiin, Korea, were studied. Concentrations of nutrients were low throughout the study period. A 38 species of benthic microaigae was identified. Most of the algae were pennate diatoms with small size. Cell numbers at silty sediments were higher than sandy sediments, and showed high patchy distribution. Zonal distributions of benthic microalgae showed higher variation from silty sediment than sandy sediments. Benthic microalgae showed vertical migration within the upper few mm of sediment with periodicity closely related to tidal cycles. Maximum cells were observed from 0 mm depth both sandy and silty sediments. Cells of benthic microalgae in the 1 - 2 mm depth decreased after desiccation of sediments. The variation of cells was higher at sandy sediments than silty sediments. Cell numbers of benthic microalgae showed no positive relationships with pH and nutrinets except NH$_4$-N.