• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.650-669
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• 2017

Coordinated multiple points transmission and reception (CoMP) technology is used to mitigate the inter-cell interference, and increase cell average user normalized throughput and cell edge user normalized throughput. There are two kinds of radio resource schedule strategies in LTE-A/5G CoMP system, and they are called centralized scheduling strategy and distributed scheduling strategy. The regional centralized scheduling cannot solve interference of inter-region, and the distributed scheduling leads to worse efficiency in the utilize of resources. In this paper, a novel distributed scheduling scheme named 9-Cell alternate authorization (9-CAA) is proposed. In our scheme, time-domain resources are divided orthogonally by coloring theory for inter-region cooperation in 9-Cell scenario [6]. Then, we provide a formula based on 0-1 integer programming to get chromatic number in 9-CAA. Moreover, a feasible optimal chromatic number search algorithm named CNS-9CAA is proposed. In addition, this scheme is expanded to 3-Cell scenario, and name it 3-Cell alternate authorization (3-CAA). At last, simulation results indicate that 9/3-CAA scheme exceed All CU CoMP, 9/3C CU CoMP and DLC resource scheduling scheme in cell average user normalized throughput. Especially, compared with the non-CoMP scheme as a benchmark, the 9-CAA and 3-CAA have improved the edge user normalized throughput by 17.2% and 13.0% respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Objective: Estrogen related receptor ${\beta}$ (Esrrb) is a member of the orphan nuclear receptors and may regulate the expression of pluripotencyrelated genes, such as Oct4 and Nanog. Therefore, in the present study, we have developed a method for delivering exogenous ESRRB recombinant protein into embryos by using cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugation and have analyzed their effect on embryonic development. Methods: Mouse oocytes and embryos were obtained from superovulated mice. The expression of Oct4 mRNA and the cell number of inner cell mass (ICM) in the in vitro-derived and in vivo-derived blastocysts were first analyzed by real time-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and differential staining. Then 8-cell embryos were cultured in KSOM media with or without $2{\mu}g/mL$ CPP-ESRRB protein for 24 to 48 hours, followed by checking their integration into embryos during in vitro culture by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Results: Expression of Oct4 and the cell number of ICM were lower in the in vitro-derived blastocysts than in the in vivo-derived ones (p<0.05). In the blastocysts derived from the CPP-ESRRB-treated group, expression of Oct4 was greater than in the non-treated groups (p<0.05). Although no difference in embryonic development was observed between the treated and non-treated groups, the cell number of ICM was greater in the CPP-ESRRB-treated group. Conclusion: Treatment of CPP-ESRRB during cultivation could increase embryos' expression of Oct4 and the formation rate of the ICM in the blastocyst. Additionally, an exogenous delivery system of CPP-conjugated protein would be a useful tool for improving embryo culture systems.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of EGF on the development of IVM/IVF bovine embryos and their ICM and TE cell number. In addition, we examined the combined effect of EGF and coculture to the bovine embryo development and the expression of EGF-R protein on bovine embryos by indirect immunofluorescence. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: When the IVM/IVF 4- to 8-cell embryos were treated at 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml of EGF, EGF treatment group showed improved development to blastocyst and increased pattern of ICM and TE cell number compared with control, although there is not significantly different. The stimulating effect of EGF (10 ng/ml) to the develop ment level of IVM/IVF bovine embryos significantly increased development rate to blastocyst after 8-cell stage (p<0.05), although there is no significant effect to the increase of ICM and TE cell numbers. Also, expression of EGF-R on the bovine embryonic stage by indirect immunofluor escence presents after 4-cell stage and the intensity of the EGF-R staining was variable with the development progression. On the other hand, embryos cultured in coculture group added either with or without EGF commonly indicated the significant difference in development rate to blastocyst and Total cell number compared with control. These results suggest that the a addition of EGF to the coculture may stimulate the coculture effect between IVM/IVF bovineembryos and cumulus cells. Therefore, EGF could promote preimplantation bovine embryo development by binding with expressed EGF~R after 4-cell stage, and stimulate the production of embryotrophic factors from the coculture environment. Also, the present study showed that there was no significant effect of EGF to the increase of ICM and TE cell number although the rate of blastocyst significantly increased when treated with EGF after 8-cell stage (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2016

In this study, a series of numerical simulation of dam break flow was conducted using EFDC model, and input conditions including cell size, time step, and turbulent eddy viscosity were considered to analyze parameter sensitivity. In case of coarse mesh layout, the propagated length of the shock wave front was ${\Delta}_x$ longer than that of other mesh layouts, and the velocity results showed jagged edge, which can be cured by applying fine grid mesh. Turbulent eddy viscosity influenced magnitude of the maximum velocity passing through gate up to 20% and the cell Peclet number less than 2.0 ensured no numerical oscillations.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2006

Juvenile and matured wood of Populus tomentiglandulosa species of Salicaceae native grown in Korea was observed by FE-SEM and optical microscope. Species is characterized by mostly diffuse-porous, simple perforation plates, polygonal alternate non-vestured intervessel pit, medium length of vessel elements and fibres, non-septate very thin walled libriform fibres and exclusively uniseriate procumbent rays. Axial parenchyma was absent or extremely rare. Vessel and fibre length were longer in both matured and juvenile latewood than those of earlywood. Ray cell lumen diameter, ray length, number and diameter of endwall pit in ray cell, endwall pit, number and diameter of pit in lateral wall of one ray parenchyma cell, vessel ray pit number and diameter vary from juvenile early and latewood to matured wood.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1990

Suspension cell lines have been newly established from the calli derived from the immuature embryo culture of hexapolid (Triticum aestivum var. sicco), tetrapolid (T. durum) and diploid (T. tauchii or Aegilops squarrosa) wheat species. The chromosomal variation in suspension cultured cell lines was examined and old cell line, C82d, established from T. aestivum var. copain was also used. New method using 1-bromonaphthalene for metaphase rapping of suspension cells was developed. Variation in chromosome number was observed among all the suspension lines. Cells with doubled chromosome number and deleted chromosome were also observed. Extensive structural changes in chromosome were found in C82d line. Chromosome aberrations showed loss of chromosome arms and chromosome segment. The mean chromosome number in suspension cells of T. aestivum var. sicco was 40, in C82d line 33, in T. durum 28 and in T. tauchii 14. The stability of chromosome in suspension cells of diploid and tetrapolid wheats was higher than that of hexaploid wheat.

• IE interfaces
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 1989

When we design, plan, and schedule for group technology, the limitation on the machine cells and cell size may occur. The purpose of this study is to find machine cells and part families to minimize the exceptional elements, constraining both the number of machine cells and the cell size. To solve this problem, the algorithm extending Kusiak's p-median method is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the method finding initial solution and reducing the number of constraints is presented for computational efficiency. The proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with well-known algorithms for machine-part group formation in terms of the exceptional elements. An example is shown to illustrate the proposed algorithm.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.211-226
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• 1985

The ultrastructure of the digestive organ of Korean Planaria (Dugesia japonica) is studied by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. 1. Pharynx The epithelium surrounding pharyngeal lumen has a number of microvilli on the free surface. The epithelial cells contain PAS-positive granules which are 0.4 to 0.6 $\\mum$ in size. They also contain hundreds of vesicles and vacuoles. The pharyngeal epithelium of the external surface surrounded by pharyngeal cavity possesses a number of cilia and microvilli on the free surface. A number of muscle bundles are found in the pharyngeal tissue. The parietal epithelium surrounding pharyngeal cavity have microvilli and electron-dense secretory granules. 2. Caeca The cells which constitute the cecal epithelium are divided into four kinds of cells. 1) Phagocytic cell : These cells are characterized by presence of a number of lysosomes. These cells have highly developed mitochondria, polyribosomes and granular endoplasmic reticulum of which cisternae are distended. 2) Granular club cell : These cells contain round granules 5 $\\mum$ in diameter which show strong PAS-positivity and weak eosinophilia. The cells have highly developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. 3) Storage cell : These cells include thousands of glycogen granules in the cytoplasm. These cells also have second kind of round granules which are 1.4 to 3 $\\mum$ in size and exhibit PAS-positive reaction. 4) Immature storage cell : These cells have a large nucleus and contain a small number of granules which have PAS-positive granules and a few lipid droplets. Several chromatoid bodies are found in the cytoplasm around the nucleus.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 2003

We present an ATM switch architectures based on the multistage interconnection network(MIN) for the efficient multicast traffic control. Many of these applications require multicast connections as well as point-to-point connections. Muiticast connection in which the same message is delivered from a source to arbitrary number of destinations is fundamental in the areas such as teleconferencing, VOD(video on demand), distributed data processing, etc. In designing the multicast ATM switches to support those services, we should consider the fairness(impartiality) and priority control, in addition to the overflow problem, cell processing with large number of copies, and the blocking problem. In particular, the fairness problem which is to distribute the incoming cells to input ports smoothly is occurred when a cell with the large copy number enters upper input port. In this case, the upper input port sends before the lower input port because of the calculating method of running sum, and therefore cell arrived into lower input port Is delayed to next cycle to be sent and transmission delay time becomes longer. In this paper, we propose the cell splitting and group splitting algorithm, and also the fairness scheme on the basis of the nonblocking characteristics for issuing appropriate copy number depending on the number of Input cell in demand. We evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes in terms of the throughput, cell loss rate and cell delay.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.72-80
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• 1998

In this study, a design approach based on genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the manufacturing cell design problem considering alternative process plans and alternative machines. The problem is formulated as a 0-1 integer programming model which considers several manufacturing parameters, such as demand and processing time of part, machine capacity, manufacturing cell size, and the number of machines in a machine cell. A genetic algorithm is used to determine process plan for each part, part family and machine cell simultaneously.