• 한국양식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2009

우리나라 서해 목포 연안에서 $2004{\sim}2005$년에 포획된 자연산 참조기 수컷을 이용해 정자 형성과정을 조직학적으로 조사하였다. 정자 형성과정은 정소 내 가장 빠른 성장 단계를 나타내는 배아세포를 기준으로 구분하였다. 그 결과 참조기의 정자형성 과정은 정원세포만이 존재하는 $8{\sim}9$월 휴지기, 정모세포가 출현하는 $10{\sim}1$월 성장기, 정모세포와 정세포가 공존하는 $12{\sim}2$월 성숙기, 정모세포, 정세포 및 정자가 함께 공존하는 $3{\sim}6$월 방정기, 퇴행성 정세포 및 정자가 관찰되는 $5{\sim}7$월 퇴화기와 같이 5단계로 나누어 볼 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1969

Changes in the phosphorylation of Chlorella cells during the life cycle the aulotrophic and micotrophic synchronous culture were followed under the light and dark. 1. In the autotrophic culture of Chlorella the amounts of esterified phosphate compounds of the algal cell under the light increased during the growing period and decreased strikingly in the ripening period showing a peak at the $L_1$ i/-cell stage. 2. TRhe amount of total esterified phosphate compounds of the cell under the dark, however, decreased during the growing period and then kept fairly constnat during the ripening nad division periods showing the greates activity of the oxidative phosphorylation in the early growing stage. 3. It is presumed that the energy requirement of the dividing algal cell in the autotrophic culture is fulfilled prior to the nuclear division mostly by the photosynthetic phosphorylation. 4. In the mixotrophic culture, the amount of esterified phosphate compounds of the algal cells under the light increased during the growing period and decreased during the late ripening and early division periods showing a peak in the $L_2$-cell stage as in the case of the phosphorylation under the dark. 5. The phosphorylation of the fell grown in the glucose medium is more active under the dark than under the light in the stages of the growing and early ripening periods. 6. It is considered that the excess glucose in the algal cell not only promotes the oxidative phosphorylation but also inhibits the photosynthetic phosphorylation of the cell. 7. It is presumed that the energy requirement of the dividing algal cell in the glucose medium is fulfilled prior to the nuclear division by the combined action of oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation, mostly by the oxidative phosphorylation.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1989

The effect of novobiocin (NOV), and inhibitor of topoisomerase II, on ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-or bleomycin (BLM)-induced DNA repair synthesis was examined during the cell cycle of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. Three assays were employed in this study: cell survival, alkaline elution and unscheduled DNA synthesis. EMS was effective at killing CHO cells in G1 phase, wheras BLM preferentially killed cells in G2 and S phases. EMS induced the much more amount of DNA damage in G1 phase, while BLM induced in G2 phase than the other phases. The both of pre- and post-treatment with BOV inhibitied EMS- or BLM-induced DNA repair synthesis in G1 and G2 phases, and pretreatment with NOV inhibited more effectively than the post-treated group. These results suggested that CHO cells exhibited a differential sensitivity to cell lethality and DNA damage in relation to cell cycle according to used chemical agents, and that DNA topoisomerase II participated in an initial stage of DNA repair.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2015

Successful somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been reported across a range of species using a range of recipient cells including enucleated metaphase II (MII) arrested oocytes, enucleated activated MII oocytes, and mitotic zygotes. However, the frequency of development to term varies significantly, not only between different cytoplast recipients but also within what is thought to be a homogenous population of cytoplasts. One of the major differences between cytoplasts is the activities of the cell cycle regulated protein kinases, maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Dependent upon their activity, exposure of the donor nucleus to these kinases can have both positive and negative effects on subsequent development. Co-ordination of cell cycle stage of the donor nucleus with the activities of MPF and MAPK in the cytoplast is essential to avoid DNA damage and maintain correct ploidy. However, recent information suggests that these kinases may also effect reprogramming of the somatic nucleus and preimplantation embryo development by other mechanisms. This article will summarise the differences between cytoplast recipients, their effects on development and discuss the potential role/s of MPF and or MAPK in nuclear reprogramming.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1991

Toxoplasma gondii를 HL-60 세포와 함께 in vitro 배양시 Toxopsasma 침투 정도가 각 세포에서 균일하지 않으므로 세포의 주기에 따른 일정 phase가 그 침투에 좋은 환경을 제공할 것이라는 추론으로 HL-60세포 주기를 동시화(synchronization)하여 각 stage에서 변화를 관찰하였다. 동시화는 과량의 thymidine이 DNA 합성을 억제함을 이용하여 2mM thymidine을 10시간 간격으로 각 24, 18시간 동안 처리하여 (double thymidine block method) S (synthetic) phase를 진행하는 세포를 얻었고 이후 30시 간 동안 13회의 간격을 두고 $5{\times}10^6/ml$의 Toxoplasma를 첨가하여 1시간 동안 배양하였다. 숙주세포의 동시화 정도는 (1) 3H-thymidine의 표지량 (2) mitotic index 측전 및 (3) 세포수의 증가를 통해 확인하였다. Toxoplasma의 침투 정도는 S phase중에서도 배지에서 thymidine을 제거한 후 3시간 경과시가 그 전후에 비해 6배 이상 높았으며 특히 이 시기는 DNA 합성이 최고가 되는 점과 일치하였다. 침투된 Toxoplasma 수의 변화 외에 세포의 모양도 상당한 변화가 있었고 이는 19시간 후 2번째 S phase에서도 약하나마 관찰되었다 실험 결과를 통해 특정 약 1시간 동안 일어나는 어떤 세포의 변화가 Toxoplasma 침투에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 원충 기생충의 숙주세포 흡착과 interiorization과정에 receptor가 관련되고 몇 receptor는 세포주기에 따라 발현이 조절되는 사실로부터 $G_1/S$ 경계부터 3시간째에 발현되면서 Togopzasma를 유인하는 receptor molecule의 존재 가능성을 시사하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7453-7457
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the efficacy and toxicity of nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus platinum agent (cisplatin or carboplatin) as first line treatment for stage III/IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Forty chemotherapy naive patients with stage III/IV squamous NSCLC received nab-paclitaxel $125mg/m^2$ on day 1 and day 8, cisplatin $75mg/m^2$ on day 1, carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve of 5 (AUC=5) on day 1. One cycle of treatment was 3 weeks, and at least two were completed in each case. Results: Of the 40 patients who participated in the study, 25 achieved partial responses (PR), 12 reached a stage of stable disease (SD), and 3 suffered progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate (ORR) was 62.5% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 92.5%. Of the 20 patients without surgery or radiotherapy, 10 achieved PR, 7 reached a stage of SD, and 3 PD. The ORR was 50.0% and the DCR was 85.0%. The median progression-free survival time (PFS) of patients without surgery or radiotherapy was 5.0 months. Of the 20 patients receiving surgery or radiotherapy, 15 had PR and 5 p had SD, with an ORR of 75.0% and a DCR of 85.0%. Specifically, the DDP arm demonstrated a significantly higher ORR than the CBP arm (100%vs 54.5%, P<0.05). Common treatment related adverse events were myelosuppression, gastrointestinal response, baldness and neurotoxicity, most of which were grade 1 to 2. Conclusion: Nab-paclitaxel plus platinum agent (cisplatin or carboplatin) is effective as a first-line chemotheraphy for stage III/IV squamous NSCLC, and its adverse effects are tolerable.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1979

In order to know the histological changes of rat preputial gland during normal sexual cycle and sex hormone treatment, matured Wistar rats (B.W.about 200g) were used for the experiment. Rats were subcutaneously given $2{\mu}g$ 17-${\beta}$-estradiol (Sigma) and 2.5g progesterone (Nakarai Chem., Japan) daily in 0.5ml propylen glycol for ten days respectively. The results obtained are as follow: At the stage of estrus and metestrus, the eosinophilic crystalloid granules and large vacuoles in the acinar cells appeared numerously, and the excretory ducts were severely extended. The developed connective tissue between the acinus were also found. At the stage of proestrus and diestrus, however, the small vacuoles and a few eosinophilic crystalloid granules appeared in the acinar cell. In the estradiol treatment, on the other hand, severely extended excretory ducts and a small number of the eosinophilic crystalloid granules compared with the progesterone treatment were found. The cyst-like structure was found, and in that the acinus disappeared completely. In the progesterone treatment, remarkably extended excretory ducts and nomerous appearance of oval formed eosinophilic granules in the acinar cells were found. As these findings, it could be suggested that the secretion of rat preputial gland was active at the estrus and metestrus stage, and estrogen may concerned in the secretion, land progesterone in the formation of secretory products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.919-928
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• 2011

The pig exhibits true epitheliochorial placentation, where the fetal membrane maintains attachment throughout pregnancy but does not invade into the maternal uterine endometrium. Accordingly, the expression and function of cell adhesion molecules are very important for embryo implantation and the establishment of pregnancy. In our recent microarray analysis, we found that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) was expressed in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs. To better understand the roles of ALCAM in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, we examined ALCAM expression in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that ALCAM was differentially expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, with the highest levels on D12 of pregnancy. ALCAM mRNA was localized to the luminal and glandular epithelial cells and to the trophectoderm of conceptuses during early pregnancy. The steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone had no effect on ALCAM expression in an endometrial explant culture study. Further, we found that ALCAM expression in the uterine endometrium from gilts with somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryos was not different from that in gilts with embryos from natural mating. ALCAM was expressed in a pregnancy stage- and cell type-specific manner in the uterine endometrium and conceptuses during pregnancy. These findings suggest that ALCAM may play a role in the establishment of pregnancy. Further analysis of ALCAM will provide insight into the implantation process and establishment of pregnancy in pigs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2013

The corpus luteum is a transient endocrine gland essential for regulation of the ovarian cycle as well as for establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ (PGF) initiates functional and structural regression of the corpus luteum and therefore is an important regulator of the estrous cycle. It is a matter of debate whether the endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum express PGFR, the cognate receptor for PGF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the expression of PGFR in bovine endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were isolated from the bovine corpus luteum of the mid-luteal stage using magnetic beads and cultured in vitro. We demonstrate that this isolation procedure generates a pure culture of endothelial cells as confirmed by synthesis of Factor VIII and lack of expression of $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, we further show that the cultured endothelial cells produced PGFR. This model system can be utilized to provide an experimental system to investigate the role of PGF on endothelial cells during the reproductive cycle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

널리 음용되고 있는 녹차의 EGCG과 우리나라 국민의 상당수가 복용하고 있는 건강기능성 식품 성분인 글루코사민은 이전의 연구들을 통해서 지방세포의 분화를 억제하는데 효과가 있다고 보고되어왔다. 이 두 물질의 병합처리로 기대되어지는 지방세포에서의 adipogenesis 및 지방축적감소에 대한 상승효과는 검증된 바 없으며, 효과에 대한 cell cycle 차원에서의 접근은 없었다. 본 연구 결과에서 EGCG와 Glucosamine 6-phosphate는 adipogenesis 전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP1에 대한 직접적인 발현 억제 뿐아니라, $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP1와 매개된 FAS, ACSL1, LPL과 같은 adipogenic target 유전자의 발현 감소를 통하여 지방세포의 분화와 지방세포 내 지방축적을 감소시키는 효과를 나타냈다. 그리고 HSL과 perilipin의 발현조절을 통해 부분적인 lipolytic effet도 나타냈다. 또한 지방세포의 분화가 개시되는데 있어 중요한 DNA의 remodeling 과정인 mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) 과정 중 G0/G1 phase 단계에서 cell cycle 정지 유도와 그로인한 S phase 및 G2/M phase로 세포주기이행의 방해를 통해 지방세포가 분화되는 것은 억제하였다. 이러한 효과들은 EGCG 농도가 높아질수록, 그리고 EGCG를 단독으로 처리한경우보다 Glucosamine 6-phosphate와 병합하였을 때 효과적이었다. 따라서 EGCG 단독처리 및 glucosamine 6-phosphate와의 병합처리는 지방세포에서 adipogenesis와 adipogenic관련 유전자들의 발현 억제 및 MCE 단계의 cell cycle arrest를 통해 지방세포의 분화를 억제하고 지방축적을 감소시켜 항비만 효과를 나타냈으며, 이러한 효과는 두 성분의 병합처리에서 조금 더 효과적이었다고 할 수 있다. 비록 두 성분의 병합처리가 기대했던 만큼은 아니었으나 항비만 효과에 대한 상승효과가 있다고 볼 수 있다.