• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.313-313
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• 2022

The Smilacis chinae Radix refers to the root of Smilax chinae L distributed in mountain and filed of Korea, and it is a vine shrub in the Lilaceae family, called Berchemia berchemiaefolia, and is referred to as Smilacis chinae Radix in it's a natural medicine name. Antibacterial, inflammatory, and antioxidant activity were studied in Smilacis chinae Radix. In this study, biological activities such as antioxidant (DPPH, ABTs, TPC), cytotoxicity, wrinkle improvement, and whitening improvement to increase the utilization value of Smilacis chinae Radix and identify the botanical value. Therefore, we tried to explore the applicability of Smilacis chinae Radix as a functional cosmetic material. Smilacis chinae Radix (SCR) was dried and extracted with ethanol. In order to measure the biological activity of the SCR, antioxidant activity, inhibition activities of collagenase, tyrosinase and cell viability were measured. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 91.22% ± 0.41%%. ABTs (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 99.60% ± 0.03%. Total polyphenol contents (TPC) are 0.203 ± 0.05 mg GAE/mg Ext when SCR was lmg/mL. And the Cell viability for HaCaT derived human keratinocyte and Raw264.7, a mouse-derived macrophage was determined using the MTT assay. When cell was treated with 100㎍/mL of SCR, HaCaT cell showed cell viability of 78.09 ± 0.1% and Raw264.7 cell showed cell viability of 91.88 ± 0.42%. From the above results, we have shown the possibility that the CSR have antioxidant ability, inhibition activity of collagenase and tyrosinase and cell safety ability which can be useful in a functional cosmetic material.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2599-2605
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• 2013

The study aimed to evaluate immune-stimulating effects of a well-known Thai folkloric remedy when used for adjuvant therapy with conventional chemotherapeutics for treatment of breast cancer. Immunostimulating influence of the remedy (215 mg/kg body weight per day) on NK cell activity and TNF-${\alpha}$ release from the monocytes/macrophages were investigated in a total of 15 healthy women and 13 female patients with breast cancer (Group 1). The effect of breast tumor surgery on NK cell activity was further investigated in 18 female patients with breast cancer (Group 2). NK cell cytotoxic activity was determined by chromium release cytotoxic assay using K562, an erythroleukemic cell line. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from monocytes/macrophages separated from blood samples was determined through a biological assay using actinomycin D-treated L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence and absence of LPS. Baseline NK cell activity of the monocytes/macrophages separated from Group 2 patients expressed as %cytotoxicity was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects at E:T ratios of 100:1 and 25:1. In healthy subjects, there was no change in NK cell cytotoxic activity (%cytotoxicity or LU) following 1 and 2 weeks of treatment with the remedy compared with the baseline at various E:T ratios but the binding activity (%binding) was significantly increased after 2 weeks of treatment. The addition of one or two conventional chemotherapeutic regimens did not significantly reduce the NK cytotoxic activity but did affect release of TNF-${\alpha}$ in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated samples. Surgery produced a significant suppressive effect on NK cell activity. The use of the remedy as an adjunct therapy may improve therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles of conventional chemotherapeutic regimens through stimulation of the immune system in cancer patients.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1986

The immunopotentiating effect of ethanol extract, butanol fraction and petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng on the immunotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene were investigated in mice. A single administration of benzo(a)pyrene induced an apparent but relatively transient reduction in HY titer, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity, rosette forming cell and natural killer cell activity Ethanol extract very significantly restored HY titer, Arthus reaction. RFC and natural killer cell activity. Butanol fraction have no effect. But petroleum ether extract very significantly restored humoral and cellular immune response and especially natural killer cell activity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the hypothesis that a highly pure linear ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan produced by Agrobacterium sp. R259 enhances human natural killer (NK) cell activity and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In an eight-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 83 healthy adults with white blood cell counts of $4,000-8,000cells/{\mu}L$ were participated and randomly assigned to take two capsules per day containing either 350 mg ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan or placebo. Six participants withdrew their study consent or were excluded due to NK cell activity levels outside the normal range. NK cell activity and serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were measured. RESULTS: NK cell activity and the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher from baseline to week 8 in the ${\beta}$-glucan group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.048, P = 0.029). Consumption of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan also significantly increased NK cell activity compared with placebo after adjusting for smoking and stress status (P = 0.009). In particular, the effect of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan on NK cell activity was greater in participants with severe stress than in those experiencing mild stress. However, the administration ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan did not significantly modulate the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IgG compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION: The results showed that supplementation with bacterial ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan significantly increased NK cell activity without causing any adverse effects. Additionally, the beneficial effect of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan on NK cell activity was greater in participants experiencing severe stress.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

Objectives : NK cells are spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes. These are not only important parts in the first line of defence against bacterial and viral infections of outside, but they may also play a critical role in chronic viral diseases. NK cells kill their targets spontaneously, without the need for prior sensitization and class I MHC restriction by the regulation of cytolytic functions and secretion of a variety of cytokines, such as interleukin-12(IL-12), MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$. In addition, macrophage and NK cells cooperate through the production of cell mediates. These cooperation and modulation are one of major factors to prevent for evading immune surveillance of cancer. Hence, it could be assumed that if any candidate to enhance activities of macrophage and NK cell, it is considered as a potentially useful agents against cancer. Methods : In our study, to investigate effect of fermented soybean extracts by Lactic acid bacteria (SFE, soybean fermented extracts) work on intestinal immune cell to maintain general immune modulating and anti-cancer activity. We analyzed NK cytotoxicity assay and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : In vitro experiment, SFE was verified as safety material for cell toxicicty to tumor cell strain without any toxicity of tumor growth inhibition and various cell strain. Effects of macrophage activity stimulating directly by SFE measured induced cytokine. The studies showed that IL-12 production by stimulation of SFE depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 0.63mg/mL with non toxicity to cell, and it was the best activity at 0.63mg/mL. Besides, the effective concentration of SFE producing TNF-${\alpha}$ is similar to IL-12, but it was the best activity at 1.25mg/mL. The level of MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 10mg/mL, IFN-${\gamma}$ showed the best activity at the effective concentration of 0.63mg/mL. With the result of NK cell activity measurement, the spleen cell of mouse injected SFE had 1.5 times higher killing effect than non injected cell. Conclusions : The result of this studies is that Soybean fermetated extracts(SFE) has possibility to immune aided material for the function not only inhibition of microbial infection to macrophage but also activity of adaption immune and cellular immune system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.228-242
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• 1993

Some therapeutic agents and medicaments may lead to pathologic changes in the gingival tissue, especially on the cultured human gingival fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate on the effect of diphenylhydantoin, retinoic acid to the human gingival fibroblast. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from the healthy gingiva of patients with orthodontic patients. Gingival fibroblasts were trypsinized and transferred to the wells of 96 well microtest plates. Next day, the medium was removed, fibroblasts were washed with HBSS, and the washed cells were cultured in growth medium added 5 or $10{\mu}g/ml$ of diphenylhydantoin, $10^{-5}M$, $10^{-6}M$ and $10^{-7}M$ of retinoic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. The passage number of cultured fibroblasts were fifth and eighth. The cell morphology was examined by inverted microscope, the cell number was counted by hemocytometer, and cell activity was measured by the growth and proliferatiton assay using MTT assay. The fifth experiments were performed and statistical significance was measured by ANOVA. The cell morphology in the presence of retinoic acid was round irrespective of the presence of diphenylhydantoin and glycyrrhetinic acid(Fig 2-6). The proliferation of cells was not changed by diphenylhydantoin(Table 1). The cell activity showed the tendency to increase at the concentration of $10{\mu}$'/, of diphenylhydantoin (Table 2). The cell activity in the presence of retinoic acid glycyrrhetinic acid was decreased, and the increased cell activity by diphenylhydantoin was decreased by retinoic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid at the concentration of $10^{-7}M$(Table 3-5). These results suggested that the increased cell activity by diphenylhydantoin might be modulated by retinoic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1988

The effect of Ca2+ and polyamines on the activity $\beta$-glucan synthetase II(GSII) related to cell wall synthesis was studied in carrot suspension cultured cells. The activity of GS II is four times higher than that of $\beta$-glucan synthetase I in carrot suspension cultured cells and in vitro expreiment, the activity of GSII was increased in response to increase in concentration of Ca2+ and polyamines. When carrot suspension cultured cells were incubated together with Ca2+ and polyamines, the GSII activity was high at 0.1mM of Ca2+ and 1mM of putrescine. Also, polycationic poly-L-lysine and poly-L-ornithine increased about 50% the GSII activity than that of the control, respectively. These results may imply that Ca2+ and polyamines were related to the enzyme activity as a polycationic nature. In addition, verapamil as the calcium channel blocker and flunarizine as an antagonist of calcium mechanism in cytoplasm decreased GSII activity ramarkably, Ca2+ and calmodulin stimulated GSII activity as Ca2+ of free ion rather than Ca2+ calmodulin complex. The effect of 2,4-D on the GSII activity in culture medium is shown to be low at 0.1mg per liter and GSII activity increased about 30% more than that of the 0.1mg/l at the range of 0.3-1.0mg per litere. Cummulative results suggest that Ca2+ and polyfamines stimulate the cell wall synthesis by means of the enhancement of GSII activity responsible for synthesizing the cell wall components.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

In order to investigate whether or not CCD-980sk cell line can be affected by Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs, we examined the MTT assay when we treated Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs in CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line. The samples that added complex of grinded extracts of Korean Citrus junos and boiling-water extracts from Korean medicinal herbs were tested toy cell proliferation activity by means of a modification of the MTT assay. Among mixture of Citron 3 (Citron 3, less mellowed citron which was ripened for three months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 3+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity. And among mixture of Citron 4 (Citron 4, completely mellowed citron which was ripened for four months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 4＋Cordyceps militaris and Citron 4+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity, respectively. These results suggest that complex of Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs could be an excellent candidate toy protection of human skin aging.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-68
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• 2009

Antifungal activity of celery essential oil against Malassezia furfur was investigated using broth microdilution and vapor contact methods. Potent antifungal activity was evident using both methods. Fungicidal activity was revealed in the vapor contact method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2006

We previously found that cobrotoxin inhibited $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity by reacting with signal molecules of $NF-{\kappa}B$ which is critical contributor in cancer cell growth by induction of apoptotic cell death. We here investigated whether cobrotoxin inhibits cell growth of human prostate cancer cells through induction of apoptotic cell death, which is related with the suppression of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Cobrotoxin $(0{\sim}8\;nM)$ inhibited prostate cancer cell growth through increased apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Cobrotoxin inhibited DNA binding activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$, an anti-apoptotic transcriptional factor. Consistent with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$, cobrotoxin increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase 3. Cobrotoxin, a venom of Vipera lebetina turanica, is a group of basicpeptides composed of 233 amino acids with six disulfide bonds formed by twelve cysteins. NF-kB is activated by subsequent release of inhibitory IkB and translocation of p50. Since sulfhydryl group is present in kinase domain of p50 subunit of NF-kB, cobrotoxin could modify NF-kB activity by protein-protein interaction. And Cobrotoxin down regulated Akt signals. Salicylic acid as a reducing agent of Sulf-hydryl group and LY294002 as a Akt inhibitor abrogated cobrotoxin-induced cell growth and DNA binding activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$. These findings suggest that nano to pico molar range of cobrotoxin could inhibit prostate cancer cell growth, and the effect may be related with the induction of apoptotic cell death through Akt dependent inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signal.