• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.121-121
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• 1997

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1983

A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the Cd uptake and levels affecting yield loss according to the growth stages of rice plant. The cadmium was treated with several Cd compounds $Cd(NO_3)_2$, $CdCl_2$, $CdSO_4$, $CdCO_3$ and CdS at various concentrations of 0,5,10,25, and 50ppm in soils. The increasing rate of Cd compounds applied to soils increased the Cd content in plant as well as grains but the yield was decreased at high cadmium levels. Cd concentration in soil which could affect the yield decrease were 12.9ppm for $Cd(NO_3)_2$; 21.5ppm, $CdSO_4$; 25.8ppm, $CdCl_2$; 33.2ppm, $CdCO_3$; and 97.6ppm, CdS respectively. Cd concentration in soil reaching at 1ppm of Cd content in brown rice were 13.8ppm from $Cd(NO_3)_2$; 14.4ppm, $CdCl_2$; 16.9ppm, $CdSO_4$; and 19.2ppm, $CdCO_3$, respectively. Cd content in brown rice could be expected with the Cd content in plant at panicle formation stage.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

This study was aimed to know the effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) on glucose transport in L6 myotube and its action mechanism. CdCl₂ increased the 2-deoxy- (l-3H)-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake 1.9 and 2.4 fold at 10 and 25 μM respectively. To investigate the stimulating-mechanism of glucose transport induced by CdCl₂, the wortmannin and PD98059 were used as PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor and MAPK inhibitor respectively, which did not affect 2-DOG uptake. This fact suggests that CdCl₂ induced 2-DOG uptake may not be concerned to the insulin signalling pathway. Whereas nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, were found to inhibit the 2-DOG uptake stimulted by CdCl₂. In addition, we also measured the ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and GSH level in L6 myotube to investigate the correlation between the glucose uptake and ROS. CdCl₂(25 μM) increased ROS generation approximately 1.5 fold and changed the cellular GSH level, but GSSG/GSH ratio remained unchanged. CdCl₂ stimulated 2-DOG uptake and ROS generation were inhibited by N-acetylcystein. And BSO pretreatment, a potent inhibitor of γ-GCS, resulted in the dramatic decrease of 2-DOG uptake and also the increase of the sensitivity to cadmium cytotoxicity. The obtained results suggest that CdCl₂-stimulated glucose uptake might be based on the activation of HMP shunt as an antioxidant defense mechanism of the cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.253-254
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• 2006

We have manufactured CdS and Cd(Cu)S thin films by chemical bath deposition(CBD) process, and examined the effects of $NH_4Cl$ and TEA. The addition of $NH_4Cl$ remarkably enhanced the film thickness of CdS, however, TEA slightly decreased the film thickness. The thickness of CdS film prepared from the aqueous solution of 0.003 M $CdSO_4$ 0.00008 M $CuSO_4$, 1.3M NH3, 0.03 M $SC(NH_2)_2$ and 0.0009 M $NH_4Cl$ was 210 nm and resistivity of that was $1.2{\times}10^3{\Omega}cm$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1988.05a
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• pp.35-37
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• 1988

Polycrystalline $Cd_{1-x}Zn_xS$ films were prepared by coaling a slurry which consisted of CdS, ZnS, $CdCl_2$ and propylene glycol on gloss substrates and by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere. Microstructures, optical transmittance and electrical resistance of the sintered films have been investigatd. Grain shape of $Cd_{1-x}Zn_xS$ films sintered in a sealed boat was nearly spherical but the shape became, irregular when sintered in evaporating condition due to occurrence of CIGM (Chemically Induced Grain-boundary Migration). Controlling the rate of evaporation of $CdCl_2$, sintered $Cd_{1-x}Zn_xS$ films with high optical transmittance and low electrical resistance could be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

In this paper, CdS/Cd(Cu)S thin films and diodes were manufactured via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) process, and the effects of $NH_4Cl$ and TEA(triethylamine) on the properties of the films were examined. The addition of $NH_4Cl$ significantly increased the thickness of the CdS and Cd(Cu)S films, however, the addition of TEA decreased the thickness in both cases slightly. The addition of $NH_4Cl$ along with TEA increased the film thickness more effectively compared to the addition of only $NH_4Cl$. The thickness of the CdS film prepared from an aqueous solution of 0.007 M $CdSO_4$, 1.3 M $NH_4OH$, 0.03 M $SC(NH_2)_2$, 0.0001 M TEA and 0.03 M $NH_4Cl$ was 310 nm. Dark resistivity of the CdS film was $1.2{\times}10^3\;{\Omega}cm$ and the photo resistivity with $500\;W/cm^2$ irradiation of white light was $20{\Omega}cm$. The Cd(Cu)S/CdS thin film diodes prepared by CBD showed good rectifying characteristics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.653-660
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• 2022

The interaction between UN and CdCl₂ in the LiCl-KCl molten eutectic was studied at 1023 K. The chlorination was monitored by sampling and recording the redox potential of the medium. At 1023 K the chlorination of UN with cadmium chloride in the molten LiCl-KCl eutectic proceeds completely and results in the formation of uranium chlorides. The melts of the LiCl-KCl-UCl₃ or LiCl-KCl-UCl₄ compositions can be obtained by the end of experiment depending on the presence of metallic cadmium in the reaction zone. The higher the concentration of the chlorinating agent, the faster the reaction rate. At [CdCl₂]/[UN] = 1.65 (10% excess) the reaction proceeds to completion in about 7.5 h. At [CdCl₂]/[UN] = 7 the complete chlorination takes 2.5-3 h.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.98.1-98.1
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• 2012

CdS/CdTe 박막 태양전지의 경우 높은 광흡수 계수를 가지고 있는 CdTe 다결정 박막을 흡수층으로이용 한다. CdTe 다결정 박막의 경우 CdS/CdTe 계면과 박막 내부에 많은 결함들이 존재 하며, CdTe 박막 내부에 존재하는 캐리어의 수를 증가 시키기 위하여 $CdCl_2$ 활성화 공정을 거치게 된다. 이때 박막의 물성 변화를 분석 하기 위하여, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)를 이용하여 박막 표면 분석을 진행 하였다. 이를 통해 박막 표면에서 산소가 Cd와 Te과 결합하면서 산화막이 생성되는 것을 확인하였다. 박막 표면에 생성된 산화막은 후면 금속 전극 형성을 위해, 용액 공정을 통하여 제거 되는데, 이때 CdTe 박막 표면에서 Cd이 용액에 의해 제거 되는 것을 확인 하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1418-1420
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• 1996

In this paper, structural properties of CdTe thin films and photovoltaic properties of thin film CdS/CdTe solar ceIl prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation were studied. Structural variation with $CdCl_2/heat$ treatment are assessed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystal structure of CdTe films was zincblend type with preferential orientation of the (111) plane parallel to the substrate. The $CdCl_2$ treatment appears to increase the grain size of polycrystalline CdTe thin film. It was found that CdS/CdTe solar cell characteristics were improved by the heat treatment with $CdCl_2$. The conversion efficiency, however, decreased when heat treatment temperature was too high.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.106.2-106.2
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• 2011

다층 박막 구조로 이루어진 CdS/CdTe 태양전지의 경우, 각각의 박막이 다양한 제조 공정을 거치면서 물성특성의 변화를 겪게 된다. 각각의 박막이 고온의 열처리 공정과, $CdCl_2$ 용액 처리 및 후면 산화막 제거 공정 등을 거치게 되면서 겪게 되는 물성 변화 분석을 살펴보고자 한다. 각각의 박막 제조 방식은 일반적으로 사용되는 방식으로, CdS의 경우는 용액성장법(Chemical Bath Deposition, CBD), CdTe의 경우는 근접승화법(Closed Space Sublimaition, CSS)을 사용했으며, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 등을 이용하여 분석하였다. 각각의 셀 제조 공정을 거치면서 CdS, CdTe 박막들은 결정, 광 특성, 성분 변화를 보였다.