• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2003

A rapid, inexpensive enzymatic method is proposed for indirect water quality testing in terms of heavy metal toxicity. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was applied for heavy metal toxicity test as an effective criterion in water quality. The toxicity of Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium) for water flea, Moina macrocopa, were evaluated for 2-8 days with variables of mobilization ability. And the reproduction impairment of Moina macrocopa were investigated as the parameter of chronic toxicity test for Pb and Cd. As a result, the EC$_{50}$ for immobilization of Moina macrocopa were Pb and Cd were 1.6749 and 0.4683, respectively. The values of reproductive impairment to Moina macrocopa for Pb and Cd were 9.5938 and 8.3264 in EC$_{50}$ A significant alteration of G6PDH (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activity of Moina macrocopa was observed when Cd and Pb were treated in media. The results obtained indicate that G6PDH activity of Moina macrocopa can be used as an indicative parameter in aquatic toxicity tests for heavy metals.als.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2014

이 연구는 Mn과 Pb의 노출이 면역체계에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 남성 근로자 42 명으로, 대상자 중 13명은 사무직 근로자(실험군 I), 21 명은 제조업 사업장 근로자(실험군 II), 8명은 용접 작업자(실험군 III)였다. 대상자의 혈액 중 Mn과 Pb 농도는 실험군별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 실험군 I 대상자의 CD19+와 total lymphocytes 농도는 기타의 실험군 대상자에서보다 유의하게 높았으나 다른 T lymphocytes subpopulation의 농도는 차이가 없었다. Mn과 Pb 농도는 T lymphocytes subpopulation과 음의 상관관계를 보였으나, Mn은 CD4+CD45RO+와 자연살해세포를 제외한 T lymphocytes subpopulation과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. Pb 농도는 단지 total lymphocytes 농도와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이 연구에서 Mn과 Pb의 직업적인 노출은 세포성면역계에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.61-64
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• 2001

In the remediation of contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, transport characteristics of contaminants are major factors. Pb is highly fixed to entire soil and not moved readily. High concentration of Cd was analyzed in the cathodic section but anodic section's concentration was lower than initial concentration. Although the Cd had high treatment effect, 50% of total mass was concentrated in cathodic section and was not flowed out readily. Most of transported Cd may be adsorbed in the cathodic side soil due to increased pH at adjacent to catholyte.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

This study attempted to utilize various groundcover plants in phytoremediation, using shade plants, which often have a high shade tolerance for shade urban space. Liriope platyphylla was grown in soil containing three of heavy metals, Zn, Cd, and Pb under four different concentrations (0, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) to determine the heavy metal accumulation characteristics and removing from soil. Total amounts of accumulated Zn in L. platyphylla were increased in accordance with increasing elevated Zn concentrations in soil, but the difference was not significant between Zn250 and Zn500. Cd accumulation, sharply increased in Cd100 and Cd250, but was reduced in Cd500. Increased Pb concentration in soil resulted a continuous increase in the total amounts of Pb accumulated in L. platyphylla. The total content of Zn in soil decreased by almost 50% in Zn100, almost 33% in Zn250 and 20% in Zn500 through growth of L. platyphylla over a period of 7 months. In the case of Cd, the concentration in soil, was decreased with 10% in Cd100, 10% in Cd250 and 33% in Cd500 through growth of L. platyphylla over a period of 7 months. This results indicate that more Cd was removed by planting L. platyphylla, compared to Zn or Pb.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.587-601
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• 1997

This study had three purposes: (1) to investigate the enrichment levels and dispersion patterns of potentially toxic elements in the rock-soil-plant system; (2) to evaluate the uptake ratios of heavy metals from soils into plants and (3) to assess the chemical speciation of heavy metals in soils. Rock, surface soil and plant samples were collected in the Boeun area underlain by black shales of the Okchon Zone. These samples were analyzed for multi-elements using INAA, ICP-AES and AAS. The maximum abundance of U in black shales is 16 mg/kg and radioactivity counts up to 300 cpm. In particular, Mo, V, Ba, Cd, Pb and U are enriched in black shales. Most of soils derived from black shales show high concentrations of U, As, Mo, Ba, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and mean concentrations of As and Mo in soils (20 mg/kg of As and 6.6 mg/kg of Mo) are higher than the permissible level suggested by Kloke (1979). Enrichment index values of soils are calculated and higher than 1.0 in the black shale area with the highest value of 6.4. Mean concentration of Cd in plants is higher than those of Cu, Pb and Zn. The concentration of Cd in plant species decreases in the order of Chinese cabbage > red pepper > soybean=sesame > rice stalk > com > rice grain. The biological absorption coefficients (BAC) in plants are in the order of Cd > Zn=Cu > Pb, which suggests that Cd is more bioavailable to plants than Cu, Pb and Zn. From the results of sequential extraction analysis of soils, relatively high proportion of Cu, Pb and Zn are present as residual fractions whereas that of Cd as non-residual fractions. Cadmuim occurs predominantly as exchangeable/water-acid soluble phase in soils, and Cd is more mobile and bioavailable than Cu, Pb and Zn.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in the fallout dust deposits at the middle and high schools. We collected the samples at 60 schools in Kongju, Incheon and Daejeon on from September to November, 2001, and analyzed Cadmium(Cd), Copper(Cu), Lead(Pb) and Zinc(Zn) from them. Zn was the highest level as 551 $\pm$ 79.9 ppm, and the next order were Pb, Cu, and Cd as 146.0 $\pm$ 15.2 ppm, 98.7 $\pm$ 14.4 ppm and 5.21 $\pm$ 0.76 ppm, respectively. The rates of schools exceeding the soil environmental standards were 56.3% in Cd, 53.3% in Zn, 51.5% in Pb, and 31.7% in Cu, respectively. Cd and Pb were the highest levels at schools in Daejeon as 6.30 $\pm$ 0.87 ppm and 171 $\pm$ 26.1 ppm, respectively. Cu and Zn were the highest levels at schools in Incheon as 176.2 $\pm$ 55.8 ppm and 919.8 $\pm$ 185.7 ppm, respectively. At Incheon, Cu and Zn levels were significantly higher than Kongju(p=0.04l), and Daejeon(p=0.016), respectively. Total pollution index(PI) of heavy metals was 1.51 $\pm$ 0.16. PI was 2.00 $\pm$ 0.51 on Incheon, 1.50 $\pm$ 0.13 on Daejeon, and 0.92 $\pm$ 0.24 on Kongju. Correlations were 0.675 (p<0.05) between Cu and Cd, 0.663(p<0.05) between Cu and Zn, and 0.477 between Cd and Pb. In conclusion, Among heavy metals in the fallout dust deposits at schools, Cu and Zn were the highest levels at Incheon, Cd and Pb were the highest levels at Daejeon.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Agricultural soils surrounding mine areas in South Korea are often contaminated with multiple metals such as Cd, Pb and Zn. It poses potential risks to plants, soil organisms, groundwater, and eventually human health. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in phytoavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn after application with calcined eggshell (CES; 0, 1, 3, and 5% W/W) in an agricultural soil contaminated by mine tailings. The contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils were 8.79, 65.4, 1602, and $692mgkg^{-1}$ (aqua regia dissolution), respectively. The experiments were conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) grown under greenhouse conditions during a 30-d period. $NH_4NO_3$ solution was used to examine the mobile fraction of these metals in soil. The application of CES dramatically increased soil pH and inorganic carbon content in soil due to CaO and $CaCO_3$ of CES. The increased soil pH decreased the mobile fraction of Cd, Pb, Zn: from 3.49 to < $0.01mgkg^{-1}$ for Cd, from 79.4 to $1.75mgkg^{-1}$ for Pb, and from 29.6 to $1.13mgkg^{-1}$ for Zn with increasing treatment of CES from 0 to 5%. In contrast, the mobile fraction of Cu was increased from 0.05 to $3.08mgkg^{-1}$, probably due to the formation of soluble $CuCO_3{^0}$ and Cu-organic complex. This changes in the mobile fraction resulted in a diminished uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn by lettuce and an increased uptake of Cu: from 4.19 to < $0.001mgkg^{-1}$ dry weight (DW) for Cd, from 0.78 to < $0.001mgkg^{-1}$ DW for Pb, and from 133 to $50.0mgkg^{-1}$ DW for Zn and conversely, from 3.79 up to $8.21kg^{-1}$ DW for Cu. The increased contents of Cu in lettuce shoots did not exceed the toxic level of $>25mgkg^{-1}$ DW. The mobile contents of these metals in soils showed a strong relationship with their contents in plant roots and shoots. These results showed that CES effectively reduced the phytoavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn to lettuce but elevated that of Cu in consequence of the changed binding forms of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils. Based on these conclusions, CES can be used as an effective immobilization agent for Cd, Pb and Zn in contaminated soils. However, the CES should be applied in restricted doses due to too high increased pH in soils.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2006

본 연구는 온산 공단지역 산림토양과 그곳에 우점하고 있는 인동덩굴의 기관별 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) 함량을 분석하고 산림토양과 식물체간 중금속 함량의 상관관계를 규명하여 덩굴식물인 인동덩굴을 중금속 오염지의 토양 정화 및 식생복원에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 토양중금속 중 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn은 공단지역이 산림지역보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면 Fe, Mn 및 Ni 함량은 산림지역이 공단지역보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중금속 중 Cd, Cu, Pb과 Zn은 인동덩굴의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리에 있어서 공단지역에서 자라는 식물체의 함량이 산림지역의 함량보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 산림토양의 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 함량과 인동덩굴 기관별 함량은 높은 정의 혹은 부의 상관을 보여주었으며, Cu가 산림토양과 인동덩굴의 기관간에 $0.93{\sim}0.99$의 가장 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 인동덩굴 식물체의 기관 내 높은 중금속 함량과 산림토양과의 높은 상관계수를 고려하면, 인동덩굴은 공단지역과 같이 중금속(특히 Cd, Cu, Pb와 Zn)에 오염된 산림토양에서 정화식물로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2000

조성이 다른 3곳 갯벌과 적조구제를 위해 사용되는 2곳의 황토를 이용해 금속 (Cu, Cd 및 Pb)의 흡착 kinetic을 밝히고, nonlinear regression model을 이용하여 구한 흡착속도와 갯벌의 조성과의 관계를 평가해 보았다. 중금속흡착에 영향을 주는 갯벌이나 황토의 조성 중에서 강열 감량 (I.L.), 산화철${\cdot}$망간${\cdot}$알루미늄의 함량은 황토가 갯벌보다 $1.5{\~}6$배 높았다. 하지만 니질의 함량은 어은리 갯벌이 다른 시료보다 $4{\~}50$배 많았다. 중금속흡착은 초기 30분 동안에 매우 빠르게 일어났다. 이때 흡착량은 Cu, Cd과 Pb이 각각 $4.1{\~}14.7\;{\mu}g/g,\;42.8{\~}16.7\;{\mu}g/g$ 그리고 $43.3{\~}101.7 {\mu}g/g$으로 3시간 실험 후 총 누적흡착량의 $8{\~}70{\%},\;18{\~}31{\%}$ 그리고 $19{\~}52{\%}$이었다. 흡착실험시 초기 금속농도를 동일 (약$ 0.5{\times}10^(-5)M$)하게 하여 운전한 결과 흡착량은 Pb>Cu>Cd 순으로 많았다. 중금속의 흡착 kinetic은 one-site kinetic model로 표현할 수 있었다. 특히 구리의 경우 non-linear model로 계산된 흡착속도 (Ka)와 3개 갯벌의 I.L., 산화알루미늄 및 니질 함량 사이에는 $R^2=-0.88{\~}-0.99$의 역 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives: To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods: The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 5 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents(mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Galgeun-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.793, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.005, after decoction-Pb; 0.033, Cd; 0.004, As; 0.002 and Hg; not detected), Gumiganghwal-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.934, Cd; 0.197, As; 0.046 and Hg; 0.006, after decoction-Pb; 0.062, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.0001), Sosiho-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.891, Cd; 0.134, As; 0.091 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction-Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; 0.004 and Hg; not detected), Ojuck-san(before decoction-Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.136, As; 0.084 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.074, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.011 and Hg; 0.0005) and Samsoeum(before decoction-Pb; 1.234, Cd; 0.154, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.094, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.002 and Hg; 0.001). 2. Contents(mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents(mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) before a decoction in Galgeun-tang, Gumiganghwal-tang, Sosiho-tang, Ojuck-san and Samsoeum exhibited 1.2, 3.4, 11.1, 12.0 and 5.7, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions: These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.