• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 1996

카드뮴-113 NMR을 이용하여 수용액속에서 카드뮴 이온과 유기산(아세트산, 벤조산 및 프로판산)과의 결합 특성을 알아보았고 여기서 얻어진 결과를 폴리아크릴산(PAA)의 결합자리의 특성연구에 응용하였다. 유기산에 결합된 카드뮴 화합물의 카드뮴-113 NMR 화학적이동 결과 분석으로부터, $CDL^+$와 $CDL_2$(L:카르복실기) 화학종에 해당하는 화학적이동값은 각각 -22에서 -24ppm과 -39에서 -40ppm의 범위를 나타냈다. 카드뮴과 폴리아크릴산 화합물에서는 폴리아크릴산 대 카드뮴의 농도비를 12에서 118eq/mol로 증가시킬 때 화학적 이동값이 -36.6ppm에서 -38.2ppm으로 변하였다. 또한, 폴리아크릴산 대 카드뮴의 농도비를 고정시키고 ([PAA]/[Cd] = 39ep/mol) 용액의 pH를 1에서 6까지 변화시킬 때 화학적이동값은 1.6ppm에서 -37.6ppm으로 변하였다. 이 결과는 폴리아크릴산 대 카드뮴의 농도비 변화 실험에서 주화학종은 1:2 착물($CdL_2$)이고 농도비가 증가하면 1:2 착물형성도 증가하는 것을 보여준다.또한, 낮은 pH에서는 1:1착물($CdL^+$)이 우세하고 pH가 증가하면서 1:2 착물($CdL_2$)이 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2005

The structure of nitrogen adsorption complex of fully dehydrated $Cd^{2+}$ ion exchanged zeolite-X, $|Cd_{46}(N)_{18}|[Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}]$, was determined in the cubic space group $Fd\overline{3}$ at 21(1) $^{\circ}C$ [a = 24.863(4) ] by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing steam of 0.05 M aqueous solution $Cd(NO_3)_2$ : $Cd(O_2CCH_3)_2$ = 1:1 for five days, followed by dehydration at $500^{\circ}C$ and $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Tor. for two days, and exposured to 100 Tor. zeolitically dry nitrogen gas at 21(1) $^{\circ}C$. The structure was determined in atmosphere, and was refined within $F_0$ > $4{\sigma}(F_0)$ using reflection for which the final error can appear in indices $R_1$ = 0.097 and $wR_2$ = 0.150. In this structure, $Cd^{2+}$ ions occupied four crystallographic sites. Nine $Cd^{2+}$ ions filled the octahedral site I at the centers of hexagonal prisms (Cd-O = 2.452(16) ${\AA}$). Eight $Cd^{2+}$ ions filled site I' (Cd-O = 2.324(19) ${\AA}$). The remaining 29 $Cd^{2+}$ ions are found at two nonequivalent sites II (in the supercages) with occupancy of 11 and 18 ions. Each of these $Cd^{2+}$ ions coordinated to three framework oxygens, either at 2.159(15) or 2.147(14) ${\AA}$, respectively. Eighteen nitrogen molecules were adsorbed per unit cell and three per supercage.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

In this article, we synthesized an azo dye rotaxane containing bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) group and its polymeric metal complex with zinc. The azo dye rotaxane exhibits high pH sensitivity, solvatochromism and zinc (II) ion sensings in aqueous solution. These behaviors came from the tautomeric equilibrium between azo-hydrazone tautomers and the formation of extended conjugation. The structure of polymeric zinc complexed dye rotaxane was confirmed with NMR and FT-IR measurements. The existence of CD rings, provided by dye rotaxane formation, was found to be very beneficial in improving aqueous solubility of polymeric metal complex.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1160-1167
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the effects of proteinate complex zinc (PC-Zn) on growth performance, antioxidative function, trace element concentrations and immune function in weaned piglets. Methods: Three hundred newly weaned barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), 28 days of age, were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups of 5 replicate pens per group for 4 weeks of feeding. Experimental diets were: i) zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 24 mg/kg Zn supplementation from $ZnSO_4$), ii) inorganic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate ($ZnSO_4$), and iii) organic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from PC-Zn. The body weight of pigs were recorded at the beginning, at the middle and at the end of the experiment, and the amount of feed supplied each day was recorded. Five barrows from each dietary treatment group were selected to be anesthetized and euthanized at the end of the trial to determine the Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations, the hepatic metallothionein content, the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), Mn, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the spleen, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte. Results: The accumulation of Zn in the spleen, levels of SOD, GSH-Px, IL-4, IL-10, the proportions of $CD3^+$ and $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte, and the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were increased by organic Zn supplementation compared to ZnD, while the levels of MDA, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and proportion of $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were lowered. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Zn can improve the antioxidant potential and immune functions of weaned piglets.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.2117-2124
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• 2013

The binding properties and sequence selectivities of ${\Delta}{\Delta}$- and ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ (bip = 4,4'-biphenylene (imidazo [4,4-f][1,10]phenanthroline) complexes with $poly[d(A-T)_2]$ and $poly[d(G-C)_2]$ were investigated using conventional spectroscopic methods. When bound to $poly[d(A-T)_2]$, a large positive circular dichroism (CD) spectrum was induced in absorption region of the bridging moiety for both the ${\Delta}{\Delta}$- and ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ complexes, which suggested that the bridging moiety sits in the minor groove of the polynucleotide. As luminescence intensity increased, decay times became longer and complexes were well-protected from the negatively charged iodide quencher compared to that in the absence of $poly[d(A-T)_2]$. These luminescence measurements indicated that Ru(II) enantiomers were in a less polar environment compared to that in water and supported by minor groove binding. An angle of $45^{\circ}$ between the molecular plane of the bridging moiety of the ${\Delta}{\Delta}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ complex and the local DNA helix axis calculated from reduced linear dichroism ($LD^r$) spectrum further supported the minor groove binding mode. In the case of ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ complex, this angle was $55^{\circ}$, suggesting a tilt of DNA stem near the binding site and bridging moiety sit in the minor groove of the $poly[d(A-T)_2]$. In contrast, neither ${\Delta}{\Delta}$-nor ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ complex produced significant CD or $LD^r$ signal in the absorption region of the bridging moiety. Luminescence measurements revealed that both the ${\Delta}{\Delta}$- and ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ complexes were partially accessible to the $I^-$ quencher. Furthermore, decay times became shorter when bis-Ru(II) complexes bound to $poly[d(G-C)_2]$. These observations suggest that both the ${\Delta}{\Delta}$- and ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ complexes bind at the surface of $poly[d(G-C)_2]$, probably electrostatically to phosphate group. The results indicate that ${\Delta}{\Delta}$- and ${\Lambda}{\Lambda}-[{\mu}-Ru_2(phen)_4(bip)]^{4+}$ are able to discriminate between AT and GC base pairs.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1690-1697
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• 2009

CD11c와 CD80 및 CD86과 같은 보조 수용체는 주로 수지상 세포에서 발현되는 세포 표지 인자이다. 본 연구에서는 KG-1, HL-60, NB4 및 THP-1 세포와 같은 여러 종류의 백혈병 세포를 이용하여 이들 세포에 재조합 Flt-3 리간드를 처리하였을 때 수지상 세포의 표면 인자인 CD11c의 발현에 어떠한 변화가 있는가를 조사하였다. KG-1 세포뿐만 아니라 NB4세포와 HL-60 세포에서도 Flt-3 수용체가 발현됨을 확인하였으나 THP-1 세포에서는 이들 수용체가 발현되지 않았다. KG-1 세포를 Flt-3 리간드나 granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)와 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$를 섞은 배양액에서 배양하였을 때 세포 증식은 억제되었으며 CD11c 발현은 현저히 증가되었다. 그러나 Flt-3 리간드를 처리한 KG-1세포에서는 GM-CSF와 TNF-$\alpha$를 처리한 세포에서와는 다르게 major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I 및 MHC-II의 발현은 증가되지 않았다. Flt-3 리간드는 HL-60 세포와 NB4 세포의 CD11c 발현도 증가시켰으나 THP-1 세포에서는 아무런 영향이 없었다. CD11c의 발현과 비교하여 CD11b의 발현은 Flt-3 리간드에 의하여 KG-1 세포에서는 약하게 증가하였으나 NB4 세포와 HL-60 세포에서는 증가되지 않았다. KG-1 세포를 Flt-3 리간드로 처리하였을 때 extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2)와 p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK)의 단백질 인산화가 증가되었으며 Flt-3 리간드에 의한 CD11c 발현의 증가는 MEK의 억제제인PD98059에 의하여 사라짐을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 Flt-3 수용체 리간드의 처리에 의하여 $CD34^+$ myelomonocyte분화 단계인 KG-1 세포와 promyelocyte 분화 단계의 백혈병 세포에서 수지상 세포와 유사한 세포 형으로 분화된다는 것을 보였고 Flt-3 수용체 리간드에 의한 이들 백혈병 세포의 수지상 세포유사 세포로의 분화는 ERK-1/2의 활성화에 의하여 일어날 수 있음을 보여 준다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1991

고리를 구성하는 원자의 수가 15개에서 18개인 디아자 크라운계의 고대고리 화합물인 1,12-diaza-3, 4 : 9, 10-dibenzo-5, 8-dioxacyclopentadecane(NtnOenH$_4$), 1,13-diaza-3,4 : 10,11-dibenzo-hydroxy-5,9-dioxacyclohexadecane(NtnOtnH$_4$), 1,13-diaza-3,4 : 10,11-dibenzo-15-hydroxy-5,9-dioxacyclohexadecane(Ntn(OH)OtnH$_4$), 1,15-diaza-3,4 : 12,13-dibenzo-5,8,11-trioxacycloheptadecane (NenOdienH$_4$) and 1,15-diaza-3,4 : 12,13-dibenzo-5,8,11-trioxacyclooctadecane(NtnOdienH$_4$)의 양성자화와 금속이온과의 착물 형성을 전위차적정법과 핵자기 공명법으로 연구하였다. 양성자화상수는 크라운 에테르의 염기도를 예측하는데 상용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 거대고리 화합물의 염기도 순서는 NenOdienH$_4$ < Ntn(OH)OtnH$_4$ < NtnOenH$_4$ < NtnOtnH$_4$ < NtnOdienH$_4$였다. 염기도의 이와 같은 변화를 거대고리에 대한 치환기와 양성자화가 일어날 때의 고리의 비틀림 정도로 설명하였다. 금속이온과의 착물 형성에 대한 안전도상수는 전이금속이온에 대해서는 Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) < Zn(II)순이었으며, 중금속이온에 대해서는 Cd(II) < pb(II) < Hg(II)의 순이었다. 금속 착물 형성에 대한 이와 같은 안정도상수의 변화에는 Co(II), Ni(II) 및 Cu(II) 착물의 경우 리간드 고리의 크기가 영향을 미치고 있었으며, Zn(II), Cd(II), pb(II) 및 Hg(II) 착물의 경우에는 리간드의 염기도가 주로 영향을 미치고 있었다. 후전이금속 착물에 대한 $^1$H와 $^{13}$C 핵자기공명 분광법에서는 고리의 질소원자가 산소원자보다 금속이온에 더 큰 친화력을 가짐을 알 수 있었고, 금속이온과 착물을 형성할 때에 고리의 평면성이 상실되고 있음도 밝혀졌다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.150-153
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• 2007

New $N_2O_2$ donor type Schiff base has been designed and synthesized by condensing acetoacetanilido-4-aminoantipyrine with 2-aminobenzoic acid in ethanol. Solid metal complexes of the Schiff base with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), VO(IV), Hg(II) and Cd(II) metal ions were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, molar conduction, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass, IR, UV-Vis, and $^1H$ NMR spectral studies. The data show that the complexes have the composition of ML type. The UV-Vis. and magnetic susceptibility data of the complexes suggest a square-planar geometry around the central metal ion except VO(IV) complex which has square-pyramidal geometry. The in vitro antifungal activities of the compounds were tested against fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Candida albicans, Rhizoctonia bataicola and Trichoderma harizanum. All the metal complexes showed stronger antifungal activities than the free ligand. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the metal complexes were found in the range of $10{\sim}31{\mu}g/ml$.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2006

새로운 산소-질소($N_2O_2$)계 네 자리 리간드 N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-ethylenediamine($H-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$)의 브롬산염을 합성하였다. 또한 $H-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$의 페놀기 5-위치에 치환기로 브롬, 염소, 메틸기 및 메톡시기를 가진 $Br-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$, $Cl-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$, $CH_3-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$ 및 $CH_3O-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$을 합성하였다. 그리고 페놀기 대신에 naphthalen-2-ol을 가진 $Nap-BHE{\cdot}2HBr$도 합성하였다. 합성된 리간드들의 양성자 해리는 수용액에서 전위차 적정한 결과 4 단계로 일어났으며, 계산된 각 리간드의 총괄 양성자 해리상수(${\log}{\beta}_p$) 값은 Br-BHE < Cl-BHE < H-BHE < Nap-BHE < $CH_3$-BHE < $CH_3O$-BHE의 순서로 Hammett 상수(${\sigma}_P$) 값의 순서와 비교적 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 전이금속(II) 이온들의 착물의 안정도상수(${\log}K_{ML}$) 값의 크기는 Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II)의 순서이었다. 또한 각 리간드들의 전이금속(II) 이온들의 착물 안정도상수(${\log}K_{ML}$) 값들의 크기 순서도 리간드의 총괄 양성자 해리상수(${\log}{\beta}_p$) 값과 서로 잘 일치하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1066-1076
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• 2012

Previous observations demonstrated that various immunosuppressive agents and their combination therapies can increase allograft survival rates. However, these treatments may have serious side effects and cannot substantially improve or prolong graft survival in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To improve the therapeutic potency of divalent immunoadhesins, we have constructed and produced several tetravalent forms of immunoadhesins comprising each of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4), CD2, and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3). Flow cytometric and T cell proliferation analyses displayed that tetravalent immunoadhesins have a higher binding affinity and more potent efficacy than divalent immunoadhesins. Although all tetravalent immunoadhesins possess better efficacies, tetravalent forms of CTLA4-Ig and LAG3-Ig revealed higher inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation than tetravalent forms of TNFR2-Ig and CD2-Ig. In vitro mixed lymphocytes reaction (MLR) showed that combined treatment with tetravalent CTLA4-Ig and tetravalent LAG3-Ig was highly effective for inhibiting T cell proliferation in both human and murine allogeneic stimulation. In addition, both single tetravalent-form and combination treatments can prevent the lethality of murine acute GVHD. The results of this study demonstrated that co-blockade of the major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)II:T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28:B7 pathways by using tetravalent human LAG3-Ig and CTLA4-Ig synergistically prevented murine acute GVHD.