• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1976

Pulpal temperature is changed in response for various conditions which were mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological stimuli. This study was performed to determine the pulpal temperature changes which were using air turbine with air-water coolant, water coolant, and conventional dental engine with water coolant and no coolant on 28 canine of dogs. In order to record pulpal temperature, pulp chamber was opened on the labiocervical area of canine. Thermocouple was inserted into pulp chamber and was fixed with filling material(dycal). Changes of pulpal temperature were recorded on the physiograph, which had been standardized temperature degree, through thermocouple to thermistor bridge and carrier preamplifier. The amount of experimental temperature change to that of control was interpreted in the pulpal cavity. The obtained results were as followings: 1. The mean normal temperature was 33.07 centigrade. 2. The temperature was decreased than normal pulpal temperature. It was 12.04 centigrade in reduction by air turbine with air-water coolant, 7.17 centigrade in reduction by air turbine with air coolant, 5.54 centigrade in reduction by conventional engine with water coolant, and 1.26 centigrade in reduction by conventional engine with no coolant. 3. The time for maximal temperature change was 53.3 seconds in reduction by air turbine with air-water coolant, 73.4 seconds in reduction by air turbine with air coolant, 50.9 seconds in reduction by conventional engine with water coolant, and 27.1 seconds in reduction by conventional engine with no coolant. 4.. After reduction was ceased, the recovery time to normal pulp temperature was 287.1 seconds in air turbine with air-water coolant, 189.0 seconds in air turbine with air coolant, 86.9 seconds in conventional engine with water coolant, and 52.9 seconds in conventional engine with no coolant respectively.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2006

Objective : In order to investigate anti-inflammatory effect of Alum objectively which is traditional remedy applicated by external preparation frequently, especially in Rhinologic field. Materials and Method : We studied the histopathologic and hematologic features, serum transaminase activities in the experimentally induced maxillary sinusitis in rabbits. 9 rabbits was divided into normal, control anti sample group(each 3 rabbits). We inoculated $10^{10}$ P. aeruginosa for experimental maxillary sinusitis to control group and sample group. Sample group was treated with aim solution(l0g/100cc) lcc via both nasal cavity (each 0.5cc) after 24hrs everyday for 14days. Results and Conclusion : 1. We confirmed that maxillary sinusitis was well induced by P. aeruginosa without occlusion of maxillary ostium. 2. There was no abnormal findings in serum transaminase(AST/ALT) activities even though application of Alum solution on nasal mucosa for 14days continuously. 3. Alum has evident anti-inflammatory effect of recovering mucosal surface injury, reduction of goblet cell, lymphocyte infiltration, edema and expansion of glandular tissue, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels and so on. 4. Alum has the effect that recover glandular tissue injury and decrease goblet cell increase by the result of dermal PAS staining increase and epidermal AB staining decrease in the qualitative analysis of epidermal and dermal mucopolysaccharide

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to figure out and establish the basic data that can help improve management of oral healthcare for the international marriage immigrant women. Methods : In this sense, we surveyed questions on 237 women out of 1,300 immigrant women, who have participated in the program by multi-cultural household supporting center, in a fashion of face-to-face investigation and on-the-spot direct cavity inspection simultaneously from May 1 to October 31, 2010. Collected data were electro-statistically computerized under SPSS 17.0 program and analyzed with frequency analysis, recurrence analysis and logistic regression analysis respectively. Results : The number of filled teeth got lower when they had lower number of dental visits. Women from the Philippines had the highest number of defect teeth, and the number of fixed prosthetic appliance became less when they had less number of dental visits. When they had no experience of oral health education, they had less fixed prosthetic appliances. There was higher percentage of periodontal disease when they did not have dental visit compared with the dental visit cases. Conclusions : Preparation of a policy for east Asian immigrant women for them to visit dentist comfortably and expansion of systematic oral health education are highly recommended.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2006

Many gastrointestinal muscles show electrical oscillation, so-called 'slow wave', originated from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Thus, a technique to freshly isolate the cells is indispensable to explore the electrophysiological properties of the ICCs. To apply an enzyme solution on the serosal surface for cell isolation, the intestine was inverted and 0.02% trypsin solution and 0.04% collagenase solution were applied to serosal cavity. After the enzyme treatment, mucosal layer was removed and longitudinal muscle layer was gently separated from the rest of tissue. The thin layer was stretched in the recording chamber and mounted on an inverted microscope. Using ${\beta}-escine$, perforated whole cell patch clamp technique was used. Under a microscope, the tissue showed smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells around the myenteric plexus. Under voltage clamp condition, three types of membrane potential were recorded. One group of interstitial cells, which were positive to methylene blue and CD34, showed spontaneous outward current. These cells had bipolar shape and were considered as fibroblast-like cells because of their peculiar shape and arrangement. Another group, positive to c-kit and methylene blue, showed spontaneous inward current. These cells had more rounded shape and processes and were considered as ICCs. The third, positive to c-kit and had granules containing methylene blue, showed quiet membrane potentials under the voltage-clamp mode. These cells appeared to be resident macrophages. Therefore, in the freshly isolated thin tissue preparation, methylene blue could easily identify three types of cells rather than morphological properties. Using this method, we were able to study electrical properties of fibroblast and residential macrophage as well as myenteric ICCs.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.437-449
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Dangmyon(starch vermicelli) prepared with mulberry leaves powder. Mulberry leaves powder was added in ratios (w/w) of 0% (CON), 0.5% (MD1), 1.0% (MD2), 1.5% (MD3). and 2.0%(MD4), and then proximate compositions, physicochemical properties, RVA, SEM, texture and sensory evaluations of the Dangmyon were measured. MD1~MD4 samples showed higher contents of moisture, crude lipid, crude protein and crude ash as well as pH compared to control (p<0.001). In terms of color, lightness (L), yellowness (b), and redness (a) decreased as the mulberry leaves powder increased. The results of RVA properties analysis on all samples showed that control had the highest. With regard to the texture of Dangmyon samples, the scores of hardness, adhesiceness, gumminess, chewiness, resilience of CON was significantly higher than the samples MD1~MD4 (p<0.001), but the scores of springiness, cohesiveness was not significantly among samples. The result of observation on the cross section of Dangmyon added with mulberry leaves powder showed that number, size of cavity more increase compared to the control. In sensory evaluation, the scores of appearance, flavor, taste and overall preference for MD3 were significantly higher than the samples (CON, MD1, MD2, and MD4). From the findings, this study suggests that 1.5% addition of mulberry leaves powder was effective for preparation of Dangmyon in the aspects of the consumer acceptability.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2008

상전환법을 이용하여 폴리설폰 고분자막을 제조하고 막의 형상과 투과특성을 측정하였다. 폴리설폰, n-메틸피롤리돈과 프로피오닉산으로 이루어진 제막용액에서 프로피오닉산은 폴리설폰에 대한 비용매로서 제막용액에 첨가되었으며, 침지용 비용매로는 이소프로필알코올이 사용되었다. 첨가된 프로피오닉산은 제막용액의 열역학적 성질을 변화시켜 열역학적 상분리를 촉진하는 역할을 할 수 있음을 보였으며, 제막용액의 점도는 프로피오닉산의 양에 따라 증가하여 프로피오닉산의 첨가에 따라 유동성이 감소하는 특성을 보였다. 제조된 모든 분리막은 프로피오닉산의 첨가에 따라 뚜렷하게 구분되는 형상을 보였다. 프로피오닉산 없이 제조된 막의 밀집화된 표면층은 프로피오닉산이 10wt% 첨가되었을 때 거의 사라졌으며, 30 wt% 첨가되었을 때 분리막은 알갱이 형태의 표면층으로부터 스폰지 형태의 하부층으로 형상의 차이가 구배를 보이며 나타났다. 물 투과도는 비용매 프로피오닉산의 증가와 함께 증대하였으며 폴리에틸렌글리콜을 사용한 배제율의 경우 프로피오닉산의 증가와 함께 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 1997

LLDPE와 미분말 상태인 강산성 양이온 교환 수지를 사용하여 압출기를 통해 막상으로 성형한 후 증류수와 NaCl 포화 수용액상에서 후처리하여 불균질 양이온 교환막을 제조하고 특성화하였다. 증류수 및 NaCl 포화 수용액 중에서 후처리를 통하여 양이온 교환 수지 입자가 함수, 팽윤되어 폴리에틸렌과 이온 교환 수지 사이에 cavity가 발생하며 동시에 양이온 교환 수지의 팽윤 압력에 의해 결합제에 큰 힘이 작용하기 때문에 폴리에틸렌에 micro-crack이 생성되므로 전기 화학적, 물리적 특성 값이 향상되었다. 또한 후처리 시간 30분과 후처리 온도 $90^{\circ}C$에서 최적의 조건을 갖는 우수한 불균질 양이온 교환막이 제조되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.152-163
• /
• 1995

This experiment was performed to observe the adhesion pattern and microleakage in the gingival margin according to variation in the resin cement thickness which results from thickness of Die spacer. which is considered to effect the adaptability of the composite resin inlays. Clearfil CR inlays were fabricated on stone models with CR Sep applicated once and Nice fit twice, 4 times, and 6 times each. After 2nd curing within the CRC-100 oven, CR inlays were cemented with CR inlay cement. Dye(2% methylene blue) penetration and adhesion pattern were evaluated after sectioning of gingival margin into :3 pieces. The results were as follows ; 1. The thickness of resin cement showed unevenchanging pattern with that of die spacer, namely, it was increased until 4 times' application of Nice-Fit but was decreased with 6 times' application of that. 2. The degree of dye penetration wasn't affected by cement thickness within a limited value. 3. Most of dye penetration was shown through the interface between cement and enamel rather than the interface between cement and CR inlay. This shows that the affinity of resin cement for CR inlay was superior to the adhesive strength with tooth structure. 4. No gap was found at the interface between enamel and cement but some showed separation between dentin and cement. It is concidered that the contraction force of cement was less than the bond strength with the enamel. 5. Lots of voids were found in the CR inlay and resin cement. There was a pooling tendency of bonding agent and cement in the axiogingival line angle portion. 6. In some specimens, cracks were shown in enamel margin. From this it could be considered that cavity preparation and surface treatment weakened the tooth structure.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 1998

In order to develop a desirable in vitro release which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability, hollow type suppository containing Propranolol HCl(PPH) powder in the cavity and conventional type suppository with dispersed PPH in the base were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel as a base and PPH as a model drug were used for the preparation of suppository. The rates of drug release from the suppositories were studied by Paddle method, Muranish method, Dialysis tubing method and Rotating dialysis cell method. The release profiles from suppositories using the four different release tests were compared. After a rectal administration in rat, the mean $C_{max}$ of hollow type suppository was significantly lower than that of conventional type, but $T_{max}$, $AUC_{0{\to}12}$ and MRT of hollow type were significantly higher 1.6 times, 1.2 times and 1.9 times than those of conventional type, respectively. The computer program was used to simulate plasma concentration from in vitro released amounts of drug and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on comparison of the simulated bioavailability from computer program with experimental bioavailability in rat we have found out in vitro release test which correlates well with in vivo bioavailability. Our results have shown the best correlation between in vitro release and in vivo bioavailability in PPH-PVA hydrogel hollow type suppository for the paddle method and conventional type suppository for the rotating dialysis cell method. In this work we propose that PPH-PVA hydrogel suppository shows in vitro-in vivo correlation. This data should help to optimize the formulation of the drug and provide a basis for quality control procedures.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.464-469
• /
• 1997

The radiopacity of glass ionomer cements is quite variable. The use of a poorly radiopaque material as a base under other restorative materials can mislead the dentist to a diagnosis of recurrent decay. This study investigates the radiopacity of these materials and proposes a minimal radiopacity under which a material should not be used as a base or liner. It is important to determine the radiopacity of glass ionomer dental materials so that the clinician can appreciate the type of restorative materials used when radiographically evaluation the possibility of recurrent dental caries. In this study, radiopacity of Vitrement and Chemfil was compared with that of Cavalite, Miracle mix and polycarboxylate cement. Tooth model of artificial cavity preparation for diagnosis of recurrent caries was omitted. Radiopacity of each material was measured using relatives between thickness and radiopacity of Aluminium step wedge. The results were as follows : 1. Radiopacity of Vitrement was some higher than enamel. 2. Chemfil, restorative glass ionomer, was less radiopaque than enamel. 3. In order of higher radiopacity than enamel, Miracle mix was highest and was followed by polycarboxylate cement, Cavalite and Vitremer. 4. Vitremer, the Glass Ionomer Cement, is useful to detection of recurrent caries, because it is slightly higher radiopaque than enamel. So, it is suitable for restorative material and luting cement.