• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2022

클라우드 서버를 이용한 IoT 응용 개발은 네트워크로 연결된 하드웨어에 데이터 송수신 지연, 네트워크 트래픽, 실시간 처리 지원을 위한 비용 등의 문제가 발생한다. 엣지 클라우드 기반 플랫폼에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 빠른 데이터 전달이 가능하도록 뉴로모픽 하드웨어를 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 FPGA상에서 스파이킹 뉴럴 네트워크를 위한 모델 최적화 기법을 제안한다. 뉴로모픽 하드웨어에 최적화된 네트워크 모델 파라미터를 자동 조정하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. 정확도에 대한 사용자 요구사항을 기반으로 더 높은 성능을 보이도록 최적화를 수행한다. 성능 분석 결과, 기존의 오픈 프레임워크에서 지원하는 고정 기법과 달리 사용자의 요구사항을 모두 만족하였으며 수행시간 측면에서 더 높은 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2021

일반적으로 골든 타임은 인명 구조나 화재 진압 등의 사고 초기대응에 있어서 가장 중요한 시간을 의미한다. 골든 타임은 재난 상황별로 다르지만 화재나 구급에 있어서는 5분을 목표로 하고 있다. 하지만 실제 현장의 경우 구급차의 평균 출동 시간은 9분, 평균 이송 시간은 17.6분으로 골든 타임과 비교하여 상당히 큰 지연시간이 존재한다. 이러한 지연시간에는 다양한 원인이 존재하지만 가장 큰 원인은 교통체증이다. 해당 문제를 해결하기 위해 정부에서는 긴급 자동차 양보의무법 제정, 사고 발생률이 가장 높은 장소에 구급차 우선 배치 등을 골든 타임을 확보하고 있지만, 교통량이 빠른 속도로 증가하는 출퇴근 상황에서는 해결책이 되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신호등에 사운드 센서를 설치하여 수집된 소리 데이터를 활용한 딥러닝 기반 긴급차량 우선 신호 시스템을 제안하고 긴급차량의 주파수 대역을 추출하고 거리에 따라 다르게 나타나는 진폭 신호를 분류하는 실험을 진행하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2011

산업부문에서 '저탄소 녹색성장'의 달성 가능성은 기존 화석연료 사용의 의존도를 줄이는 것이 장기적으로 산업 생산성의 향상으로 이어질 수 있느냐에 달려 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 제조업을 대상으로 에너지절약시설에 대한 투자가 산업 생산성에 미치는 장단기 파급효과를 분석하는 이론적 모형을 제시하고 계량분석기법을 통하여 통계적 유의성 유무를 검증하였다. 에너지절약시설에 투자할 경우 단기적으로는 투자지출이 늘어나 생산비용이 증가하는 '측정효과'와 기술혁신을 위한 신규투자가 지연되는 부(負)의 '실질효과', 장기적으로는 에너지집약도가 개선되어 생산비용이 절감되는 정(正)의 '실질효과' 등이 나타날 수 있다. 산업 생산성의 변화를 설명하는 데 있어서 에너지절약시설 투자규모의 내생성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 2SLS 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 생산액 대비 에너지 투입비용이 상대적으로 높은 제조업 5개 부문을 대상으로 1982년~2006년까지의 연도별 자료를 사용하여 에너지절약시설 투자의 생산성 파급효과 여부를 검증한 결과 화학제품산업을 제외하고 4개 부문에서는 해당 추정계수의 통계적 유의성이 기각되었다. 화학제품산업의 경우 부(負)의 '실질효과'가 정(正)의 '실질효과'를 압도하며 에너지절약시설 투자비용 대비 에너지비용 절감효과는 상대적으로 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

Purpose: Anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator free flap is commonly used because of its various benefits. The author reports important factors of preoperative and perioperative ALT perforator free flap and causes of failure. Methods: 84 patients who were treated with ALT perforator free flap from December 2004 to 2008, and February 2010 to April 2010 were studied. 61 patients were male and 23 were female. The mean age of patients was 51.1. The main cause was neoplasm and the main reconstructive areas were head and neck area. The size of flap was various from $3{\times}4$ to $12{\times}18$ cm. 6 patients received split thickness skin graft at donor site. Preoperative angiography was checked to all patients. Results: Among the 84 patients, partial necrosis of flaps occurred in 4 patients because of atherosclerosis, varicose vein, or inattention of patient, etc. And total flap necrosis in 5 patients because of abnormal vessels of recipient area or delay of operation, etc. One case of serous cyst was found as the complication of donor area. Two cases of skin graft on donor site were done because of suspected muscle compartment syndrome, 4 cases of that because of large flap. Septocutaneous perforators were found in 7 cases. The author couldn't find reliable perforator in 3 cases, ipsilateral anteromedial thigh perforator and contralateral ALT perforator and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous free flap were done instead of ALT. There was no case which needed reoperation because of the impairment of blood supply, and 3 cases were revised by leech because of the burn injury by a lamp or venous congestion. Conclusion: Although ALT perforator free flap is widely used with its various merits, many factors such as preoperative condition of donor or recipient area, morphology of defect and operating time need to consider to prevent flap necrosis. And operators should need careful technique because septocutaneous perforator is uncommon, and musculocutaneous perforator is common but difficult to dissect.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권3호통권18호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

Aims: Acupuncture has been used for the treatment of essential hypertension, but the efficacy and the mechanism of acupuncture in prevention of hypertension are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) applied to Baekhoe (GV20) changes NO/NOS system during development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and thereby causes the delay of development of hypertension in SHR. Methods: The male SHR rats in the developmental stages of hypertension (7-8 weeks) were randomly divided into three groups (control group, GV20 acupuncture group, and tail acupuncture group). And the age matched Wistar Koyto Rats (WKY) were randomly divided into two groups (nagative control, GV20 acupuncture group). EA treatments (10Hz, 1mA, 0.1ms) were carried out for 25 min/day for five consecutive days. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined in conscious rats by the tail-cuff method using automatic BP mornitoring system. We investigated the activations of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in nuclei of solitary tract (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of SHR by the western blotting method. Results: The SBP after the termination of EA stimulation applied to the GV20 was stabilized at $169.14{\pm}3.67$ mmHg which is lower value than that of the control group. The SBP of control group was elevated to $178.14{\pm}3.49$ mmHg. In addition, we evaluated NOS activity as well as iNOS protein expression of NTS and RVLM in both of SHR and WKY. The iNOS activity in NTS was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY. Furthermore, the iNOS activity of NTS showed significant decreases in EA groups compare to that of non treated SHR group. Although iNOS expression of RVLM showed non significant changes between SHR and WKY, EA significantly enhanced the iNOS expression in SHR. Our data support the hypothesis that delayed development of hypertension and altered iNOS expression of NTS and RVLM by EA stimulations in SHR rats. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that acupuncture can change NO/NOS system in NTS and RVLM, and exert beneficial role on development of hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.356-360
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• 1999

PURPOSE : This is to review the complicated jaw fractures that had been referred for revision of the unsatisfactory results, and to provide proper managements for the easily complicated jaw fractures. MATERIALS & METHODS : Twenty-nine patients who had been revised due to malunion or complicated fractures of facial bones for last 3 years were reviewed. The main problems required for revision, type of fractures complicated, the primary managements to be reclaimed, the specialties to be involved, the management to be reclaimed, time elapsed to seek reoperation, type of revision surgeries, residual complication were analysed with medical records, radiographs and final examinations. RESULTS: The major complaints were malocclusion(79.3%), facial disfigurement(41.3%), TMJ problems (13.7%), neurologic problems(10.3%), non-union(10.3%), and infection(6.8%). Unsatisfactory results were occurred most frequently after improper management of the multiple fractures of the mandible (62.2%), combined fractures of maxilla and mandible (20.6%), fracture of zygomatico-maxillary complex and midpalate (17.2%). The complications to be corrected were widened or collapsed dental arches (79.3%), improperly reduced condyles (41.3%), painful TMJ (34.4%), limited jaw excursion (31.0%), over-reduction of zygoma (13.7%), and nonunion with infection(13.7%). and dysesthesia (10.3%). The primary managements were nendereet by plastic surgeons in 82.7%(24/29) and by oral surgeons in 7.6%(2/29). Main causes of malunion are inadequate ORIF in 76%, unawareness & delay in 17%, and delayed due to systemic cares in 17%. 76% of 29 patients had been in state of intermaxillary fixation for over 4 weeks. Revision were done by means of "refracture and ORIF"in 48.2%(14/29), orthognathic osteotomies with bone grafts in 55.1%(16/29), and camouflage countering & alloplastic implantations in 37.9%(11/29), TMJ surgeries in 17.2%, micro-neurosurgeries in 11.6%. Residual complications were limited mouth opening in 24.1% (7/29), paresthesia in 13.7%, resorption of reduced condyle in 10.3%. CONCLUSIONS : Failure of initial treatment of jaw fractures is due to improper diagnosis and inadequate treatment with lack of sufficient knowledge of stomatognathic system. It is crucial to judge jaw fracture and patients accurately, moreover, the best way of treatments has to be selected. Consideration of these factors in treatment could minimize the complication of jaw fractures.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.229-238
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• 1980

高麗人蔘抽出液의 효과를 관찰하고자 실시되었다. 대조군은 15일 동안에 관찰되었으며 인삼투여군은 Sarcoma-180에 감염된 마우스에 인삼추출액을 매일 경구투여하여 15일째에 관찰 비교하였다. 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 肉腫癌쥐에 있어서 癌감염후 15일간 赤血球와 血小板의 수에는 有意性變化가 없었으나, 白血球는 初期에 증가되다가 中期 이후부터는 급격히 감소하였다. 그러나 人蔘抽出液處理群에서는 심한 감소현상은 나타나지 않았다. 이는 白血球가 生體防禦의 작용을 한다는 이론에 人蔘抽出液이 이를 보조해 준 것으로 판단된다. 2) 肉腫癌쥐의 血淸蛋白은 非選擇性 蛋白漏出型 血淸蛋白盆畵像을 보였다. 人蔘抽出液處理群에서도 비슷한 현상을 보였으나 對照群에 비하여 심하지는 않았다. 이는 人蔘抽出液이 肉腫癌쥐에 肉腫癌의 發育에 있어서 약간의 遲延性 내지는 免疫性을 가지게 하는 것으로 사료된다. 3) 肉腫癌쥐에 있어서의 serum cholesterol의 함량은 中期까지는 증가되다가 末期에서는 감소되었다. 그러나 人蔘抽出液處理群에서는 약간의 증가현상을 보였다. 末期에 감소되는 현상은 여러 가지 원인중 특히 攝食量의 부족에 기인되는 것으로 추측되는바, 인삼추출액이 담癌體에 대하여 약간의 耐性을 가지게 함으로서 攝食量이 줄지 않음에 기인되는 것으로 추측된다. 4) 肉腫癌쥐의 serum total lipid는 癌이 진전됨에 따라서 증가되었다. 그리고 $\\alpha-, \\beta-$lipoprotein은 감소현상을 보였으나 pre $\\beta$-lipopotein은 급격히 증가되었다. 人蔘抽出液處理群에서는 對照群에서의 初期의 값을 보여주었다. 이러한 현상 역시 人蔘抽出液이 위와 같은 이론에 의해서 生體를 보호해 준 것으로 추측되며 肉腫癌에 대하여 약간의 耐性을 갖게한 결과로 판단된다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2019

Purpose: Genetic defects in the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were first identified as causes of various disorders in 2007. Variants in IARS2, which encodes a mitochondrial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, were first reported in 2014. These variants are associated with diverse phenotypes ranging from CAGSSS (CAtaracts, Growth hormone deficiency, Sensory neuropathy, Sensorineural hearing loss, and Skeletal dysplasia) and Leigh syndrome to isolated nonsyndromic cataracts. Here, we describe the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of Korean patients with IARS2-related disorders. Materials and Methods: Using whole-exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing, we identified five patients with IARS2 mutations. Their medical records and brain magnetic resonance images were reviewed retrospectively. Results: All five patients presented with developmental delay or regression before 18 months of age. Three patients had bilateral cataracts, but none had hearing loss or sensory neuropathy. No evidence of skeletal dysplasia was noted, but two had short stature. One patient had cardiomyopathy and another exhibited renal tubulopathy and hypoparathyroidism. Their brain imaging findings were consistent with Leigh syndrome. Interestingly, we found the recurrent mutations p.R817H and p.V105Dfs*7 in IARS2. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of Korean patients with IARS2-related disorders. Our findings broaden the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of IARS2-related disorders in Korea and will help to increase clinical awareness of IARS2-related neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2020

Background: Postoperative fluid retention is a factor that causes delay in recovery and unexpected adverse events. It is important to prevent intraoperative fluid retention, which is putatively caused by intraoperative release of stress hormones, such as ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) or others. We hypothesized that intraoperative analgesia may prevent pathological fluid retention. We retrospectively explored the relationship between analgesics and in-out balance in surgical patients from anesthesia records. Methods: Anesthetic records of 80 patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery were checked in this study. Patients were anesthetized with either TIVA (propofol and remifentanil) or inhalational anesthesia (sevoflurane and remifentanil). During surgery, acetated Ringer's solution was infused for maintenance at a rate of 3-5 ml/kg/h at the discretion of the anesthetist. The perioperative parameters, including the amount of crystalloid and colloid infused, and the amount of urine and bleeding were checked. Furthermore, we checked the amount and administration rate of remifentanil during the surgical procedure. The correlation coefficient between the remifentanil dose and the in-out balance or the urinary output was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The contributing factor to fluid retention, including urinary output, was statistically examined by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between remifentanil dose and urinary output. Urinary output less than 0.04 ml/kg/min was suggested to cause positive fluid balance. Although in-out balance approaches zero balance with increase in remifentanil administration rate, no contributing factor for near-zero fluid balance was statistically picked up. The remifentanil administration rate was statistically picked up as the significant factor for higher urinary output (> 0.04 ml/kg/min) (OR, 2,644; 95% CI, 3.2-2.2 × 10⁶) among perioperative parameters. Conclusions: In conclusion, remifentanil contributes in maintaining the urinary output during general anesthesia. Although further prospective study is needed to confirm this hypothesis, it was suggested that fluid retention could be avoided through suppressing intraoperative stress response by means of appropriate maintenance of remifentanil infusion rate.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.229-229
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• 2017

This research study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of different rice cultivars in abnormal temperature conditions (low temperature) for ripening period abnormalities, and to investigate the physiological causes behind the abnormalities. Four Korean high quality japonica-type rice cultivars, Jinbu (JB), Junamjosaeng (JJ), Geumyoung (GY), Hwawang (HW) were used in the experiment. The following day after flowering, they were then moved into two phytotrons under natural daylight with 65% RH but controlled at different temperatures - one at $19/29^{\circ}C$ (night/day) and the other at $13/23^{\circ}C$ as the low - temperature study on ripening. For the cultivars at $13/23^{\circ}C$ (low temperature study), JB and JJ had a ripening rate of 93% which is similar to the ripening rates of cultivars at $19/29^{\circ}C$ at 45 days after heading (DAH). In contrast, GY and HW recorded lower ripening rates of 86% and 57% respectively. However, when the cultivars at $13/23^{\circ}C$ were harvested at 61 DAH (when the accumulated temperature reached $1100^{\circ}C$), the difference in ripening rates compared to the 4 cultivars of $19/29^{\circ}C$ harvested at 45 DAH was not obvious (JB 94%, JJ 97%, GY 97%, HW 88%). Starch content showed little difference among the 4 cultivars at different temperature conditions while amylose content was higher for cultivars at $13/23^{\circ}C$ compared to those at $19/29^{\circ}C$. In addition, the enzyme activities of starch biosynthesis were about 5~10 days slower in cultivars at $13/23^{\circ}C$ compared to cultivars at $19/29^{\circ}C$. The grain-filling rate showed highly significant correlations with the enzyme activities of Sucrose synthase ($R^2=0.70^{***}$), ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase ($R^2=0.63^{***}$), UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase ($R^2=0.36^{***}$), Starch synthase ($R^2=0.51^{***}$), and Starch branching enzyme ($R^2=0.59^{***}$). Among the enzymes, Sucrose synthase activity had the highest correlation coefficient with grain-filling rate. In conclusion, the activity of enzymes such as Sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, Starch synthase, Starch branching enzyme in starch biosynthesis is proven to be highly related to the grain filling process. Notably, the decrease in the activity of Sucrose synthase and Starch branching enzyme and the late increase in ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase activity at low temperature in the ripening stage are considered to be disadvantageous as they delay ripening and increased amylose content.