• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

The occurrence of muscle weakness in patients with sepsis or multiple organ failure managed in the intensive care unit has been recognized with increasing frequency in the last two decades. The difficulty in examining critically ill patients may explain why this complication has been only recently recognized. This weakness is due to an axonal polyneuropathy which is called critical illness polyneuropathy(CIP). It must be differentiated from myopathy or neuromuscular junction disturbance that can also occur in the intensive care setting. Neither the cause nor the exact mechanism of CIP has been elucidated. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated an acute axonal damage of the peripheral nerves. Before the recognition of CIP, these cases were usually misdiagnosed as Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome. Clinical recovery from the neuropathy is rapid and nearly complete in those patients who survive. Thus, neuropathy acquired during critical illness, although causing a delayed in weaning from ventilatory support and hospital discharge, does not worsen long-term prognosis.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.226-241
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to find out the causal perception of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to understand the typology. The Q-population consisted of 236 statements of causal perception were collected. Thirty eight Q-samples of causal perception were selected. The P-sample for this study were made up of 28 first visiting female rheumatoid arthritis patients from a rheumatoid arthritis specialty hospital. Each respondent responded Q-set of causal perception according to 9-point scale. The result of Q-sorting were coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. 1) Typological Observation on Causal Perception (1) Physical Fatigue Type : Type 1 perceived that the illness occurred due to excessive work requiring physical labor or strain that had occurred from not resting after excessive physical labor, therefore, thinking the origin of the illness was from physical strain. (2) Physical origin Type : Type 2 perceived that the major cause for the illness is not only excessive physical labour but also fecundity and old age. (3) Causality to Environment Type : Type 3 perceived that rheumatoid arthritis occurred from injury to the joints or bad and humid weather. (4) Conscience of Guilty Type : Type 4 consisted of people with guilty conscience for lack of religious commitment. They perceived that the illness was a punishment from God for not praying or because of bad luck. (5) Rationally Perceiving Type : People who belong in type 5 perceived the cause of illness in light of scientific facts such as genetics, unbalanced diet or lack of exercise. (6) Psychological Stress Type : People who belong in type 6 believed that excessive stress was the cause of the illness. 2) Emotions of Rheumatoid arthritis patients Rheumatoid arthritis patients' positive emotions included determination, courage, coping, acceptance, hope, and adoption ; and their negative emotions were prostration, worry, stupor, conflicts, grievance, giving-up, resignation, depression, loss, solitariness, fear, anxiety, avoidance, anger and loneliness. Rheumatoid arthritis patients experience different level of emotions from their suffering experience from the severe pains. Rheumatoid arthritis patients also experience negative emotions when they could not perform self-care and lose their self-esteem from painful suffering ; however, they regain positive emotions when they recover from pain with the use of drugs, physical therapy or exercise. Their emotional states are closely connected to level of and presence of pain.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2005

Chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS) is a complex, debilitating disorder characterized by at least 6 months of severe persistent of relapsing fatigue and a group of characteristic but nonspecific symptoms. Many researchers have proposed that CFS has a specific cause. However currently no evidence exists that proves either a specific cause of CFS. And there is no diagnostic test for CFS. The diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome is based on the patient's history, excluding other illnesses In the absence of consistent biological markers, the diagnosis of CFS arises from operational criteria that do not afford validity. The prognosis is poor and often disability and impairment of daily function and performance are prolonged. A limited understanding of the CFS has complicated the management of this disorder. Therefore, treatment of CFS may be variable and should be tailored to each patient. Therapy should include exercise, diet, good sleep hygiene, antidepressants, and other medications, depending on the patient's presentation. Regular follow-up is key to continue to exclude other medical problems and provide support for patients. Chronic fatigue syndrome is a challenging illness to manage and requires a team approach of caring providers. For the majority of patients this is a chronic illness with the goals of therapy being to improve functional status and to prevent disability. Further understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of this illness should lead to better specific therapy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the late schooler's health concept and health behavior. The research was a descriptive method using a self-report questionaire which include semi open-ended questions. the subjects were 458 late schooler's from 4 to 6 grade. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts were ‘having no illness’ ‘having normal physical feature and strength’ ‘eating food well’ ‘take exercise’ ‘having a bright mind’ ‘having good interpersonal relationships’‘having strong will’ ‘recovering well’. 2. Perceived health behaviors to maintain health were ‘taking proper exercise’ ‘eating proper food’ ‘maintaining cleanliness’ ‘taking sufficient rest and sleep’ ‘having a vigor life and positive thought’ ‘having good interterpersonal relationships’ ‘receiving health check and immunization’. 3. Health behaviors carried out at present were ‘taking proper exercise’ ‘eating proper food’ ‘having a vigor life and positive thought’ ‘receiving health check an immunization’ ‘taking supplementary drugs’ ‘having a regular life’ ‘maintaining cleanliness’ ‘maintaining warmth’. 4. Perceived causes of illness were ‘taking inproper food’ ‘uncleanliness’ ‘insufficient warmth or environment’ ‘lack of exercise or overexertion’ ‘irregular life habits’ ‘contact with germs’ ‘mental stress’. 5. Perceived treatments of illness were ‘having sufficient rest and sleep’ ‘mental relaxation’ ‘eating food’ ‘ maintinging cleanliness’ ‘ maintaining warmth’ ‘taking supplementary drug’ ‘receiving medical treatment’.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3293-3298
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• 2013

Background: The study investigated the influence of culturally-based health beliefs on engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviour. Specifically, the study compared levels of engagement between Western and Chinese youth in Australia and assessed the extent to which culture-specific attributions about the causes of illness, and health beliefs, predict engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviour. Materials and Methods: Ninety-four Western and 95 Chinese (N=189; Mean Age=20.8 years, SD=3 years) young adults completed an online questionnaire. Predictor variables were cultural health beliefs measured by the Chinese Cultural Views on Health and Illness scale (CCVH, Liang et al., 2008), and illness attributions beliefs measured by the Cause of Illness Questionnaire (CIQ, Armstrong and Swartzman, 1999). Outcomes variables were levels of engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviour. Results: Results indicated that Chinese participants have a significantly lower exercising rate and healthy dietary habits compared to the Western sample. Moreover, Chinese participants were found to believe more strongly than Westerners that cancer was associated with factors measured by the Traditional-Chinese-Model (TCM). Finally, the observed relationship between cultural health beliefs and physical inactivity was mediated by attributions of illness, in particular to the supernatural subscale, with the Sobel Test showing a significant mediation (z=-2.63, p=0.004). Conclusions: Mainstream approaches to encourage healthy lifestyles are unlikely to be effective when educating Chinese youth. Instead, health promotion programs should attempt to address the illness attribution beliefs and educate Chinese youth about the role of diet and exercise in prevention of diseases such as cancer.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the perception and attitudes of middle school students toward food safety between those who possess high behavioral intentions to prevent contracting a foodborne illness and those who do not. The survey collected 871 usable data from several middle schools in Seoul, Korea in July 2007. Using six behavioral intention measurement items, a two-step cluster analysis approach was conducted resulting in a strong intention group and a weak intention group. Perception and attitudes toward foods safety were different between the two groups. Students with strong behavioral intentions to prevent foodborne illness tended to possess a stronger perception and attitude toward various food safety issues. Students with strong intentions were more certain of consumer's right to purchase safe foods, more concerned about foodborne illness and food safety, believed that the government should put more efforts toward establishing a safe food chain, possess more distrust for food suppliers, were more aware of specific foodborne illness pathogens, had more food safety education/training, and washed their hands more frequently than those with less strong intentions. No significant differences were found between the groups but,overall, chemical residues and food additives were perceived as more harmful and more serious food safety issues than those of foodborne illness pathogens despite that microorganisms are the main cause of foodborne illness outbreaks in schools. Participants seemed to underestimate the importance of temperature control for preventing foodborne outbreaks. Several implications and suggestions on how to improve the behavioral intentions of middle school students to prevent possible foodborne illness were provided.

• 아동학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-50
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to assess preschool children's understanding of contagion and their use of immanent justice explanation for illness and accidents, 124 children (66 four-year-olds and 58 five-year-olds) were interviewed individually by two female interviewers. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ and correlation. Preliminary analyses revealed no significant sex and age differences: Therefore, the data were collapsed across sex and age for all further analyses. The results showed that preschool children have a concept of contagion as a cause of illness, and they understand the effect of distance between people on the likelihood of transmitting contagious ailments. They overextend the concept of contagion to inappropriate ailments: that is, to noncontagious illnesses and to accidents. They employed immanent justice explanations for all illnesses (contagious and noncontagious) and accidents.The use of immanent justice was inversely related to application of the concept of contagion.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.617-630
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• 1993

Factors related to health promotion activities and quality of life in Korean women with arthritis have not been clearly identified. Predictors of health promotion might be identified that will enhance the well - being of this group. Accordingly, the findings of the study will contribute additional information about the relationship between health promotion and quality of life and will add to the research on quality of life of individuals with a leading cause of disability--arthritis. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of selected background factors (years of illness, perceived severity of illness, uncertainty in illness), perceived self- efficacy, and health promoting behaviors to the quality of life of Korean women with arthritis. A cross - sectional descriptive design was used in this study to investigate relationships among the variables of interest. The sample was composed of 96 women who had arhtrits and visited large university hospital in Seoul for regular check up or pre-scription of medication. The purpose of a descriptive correlational design was to determine the absence or presence of relationships among variables that were measurable (Polit & Hungler, 1981, p.147). The design of this study was appropriate because it yielded answers to the research questions and hypotheses regarding the relationships among the model variables. the Questionnaire contained demographic information, translated Mishel Uncertainty in illness Scale-Community form (MUIS-C) (Mishel, 1987), translated and modified Disease Course Graphic Scale(DCGS) which was developed by Braden (1990), translated Sherer. et al.’s General Self-Efficacy Scale (1982), The Health -Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), developed by Walker, Sechrist, and Fender (1987) and traslated to Korean by Ha, and quality of life was measured by Face Scale (Andrew, 1976). Several steps of verification for the translation process were carefully conducted. Data analysis included descriptive correlational statistics and multiple regression techniques. Health promotion was the only contributor to pre-dict quality of life. Results showed that enabling cognitive perceptual factor (self-efficacy) mediates the disruptive force (uncertainty in ill-ness) on achieving a health promoting self- help behavior. The findings of this study also indicated that illness - related variable of severity of illness was mediated by health promotion, which buffered it's impact on quality of life.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2009

Excessive daytime sleepiness in childhood might be abnormal phenomenon and often related to the sleep disorders or insufficient sleep duration. The most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness would be insufficient sleep. However, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, medication, medical illness and other sleep disorders that could cause insomnia and poor quality of sleep also result in excessive daytime sleepiness. The misdiagnosed and untreated excessive daytime sleepiness in childhood can lead to serious developmental and educational problem.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.100-135
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• 1999

Typical symptoms of rheumatic disease affect overall daily living and cause severe stress. Individuals afflicted with rheumatic disease have many illness-related stresses. Pain was the predominantly perceived stress followed by limitation in mobility, difficulties in carrying out activities of daily living. helplessness, dependency on others, threat to self-esteem, interference in social activity, interference in family relationships. difficulties performing at work, and discomfort of the treatment. Patients with chronic arthritis are subjected to long periods of continuous stress, which may require the management by the health care provider. In these cases, the purpose of the nursing is helping to promote health through supporting patient's coping. Therefore, for the nursing intervention to be effective, it is critical to build a theoretical framework that describes stress-coping for chronic arthritis. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to present a theoretical framework which describes the stress-coping processes and to empirically test pathos of this framework for the people with chronic arthritis. The foundation upon which this framework is built in the Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain(1983) theory of Modeling and role-Modeling. The subjects were 275 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who visited the outpatient clinic. A hypothetical model of stress-coping was tested by covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 8.12 program. As a result, the overall fit was good(Chi-square=94.49, P=0.00, RMR=0.067, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.93, NFI=0.91) for the hypothetical model. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on coping resources. However, independent variables(basic need satisfaction, internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resource) did not have significantly influence on coping. And then, the hypothetical model was modified by considering both the theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. The revised model had a better fit to the data(Chi-square=83.11(P=0.00), RMR=0.061, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.92, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.92). Hypothesis emerged from the revised model was tested. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience and coping resources. Internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources had a significantly influence on coping. According to the results of this dissertation, basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control play a central role in appraisal of illness-related experience and coping resources. And illness related-experience, emotional stress, and coping resources affect on coping activities. In summary, nursing interventions to enhance basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control will decrease illness related experience and emotional stress and increase coping resources. Increased coping resources will prompt coping activities.