• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.516-523
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships of perceived risk, satisfaction, switching cost and loyalty in outpatient health services. Method: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 393 hospital outpatients. The analysis of data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for structural equation model. Results: The causal model yielded Chi-square=31.44 (p=<.001), df=4, GFI=.98, AGFI=.87, CFI=.97, RMSR=.04, NFI=.96, IFI=.97 and showed relatively good fit indices. Perceived risk had a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, financial switching cost and relational switching cost had significant direct effects on customer loyalty. Perceived risk and customer satisfaction had significant indirect effects on customer loyalty. Conclusion: These results suggest that we should decrease the perceived risk and improve the customer satisfaction and switching cost to retain loyal customers. Further study with both a larger sample from various hospitals and a longitudinal design is necessary.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among attitude toward eating seafood, perceived behavioral control (PBC), health involvement, behavioral intention and consumption. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated an excellent model fit. Health involvement had considerable effects on attitude and intention, which were statistically significant. The effects of attitude and PBC on intention were also statistically significant. Futhermore, the effects of attitude, PBC, and intention on consumption were statistically significant. As expected, intention had a significant effect on consumption. Moreover, health involvement had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude and PBC. Attitude had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. PBC also had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrated the relationship among variables such as health involvement and attitude, along with seafood consumption behavior, this study approaches a deeper understanding of how perceptions, on the importance of a healthy diet and other factors, influence consumption behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2022

This study aims to forecast of Air Passenger Demand between South Korea and North Korea using the system dynamics analysis methodology that is based on the system thinking. System dynamics is not only a tool that makes the systematic thought to a model but also a computer program-based analysis methodology that mathematically models the system varying according to time variation. This study analyzed the causal relationship based on the interrelation among variables and structured them by considering various variables that affect aviation cooperation from the perspective of Air passenger demand forecasting. In addition, based on the causal relationship between variables, this study also completed the causal loop diagram that forms a feedback loop, constructed the stock-flow diagram of Inter-Korean model using Vensim program. In this study, Air passenger demand was using by the simulation variable value into System Dynamics. This study was difficult to reflect the various variables constituting the North Korea environment, and there is a limit to the occurrence of events in North Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.188-205
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• 2023

Objectives: Methanol poisoning accidents in smartphone parts manufacturing facilities were analyzed using a systemic accident analysis method, and the necessity and possibility of the application of this systemic method in the field of occupational health were reviewed. Methods: A STAMP model for accident analysis was created based on the previously published literature. CAST analysis was performed to find the causal factors of the components and between the components. Results: The STAMP model visually showed the abstract and complex system control structure. The CAST analysis results could include all the causal factors from the previously published literature, and presented them holistically. Additional causal factors that were not presented in the literature were found. Conclusions: The holistic accident analysis results in this study will be helpful to establish comprehensive measures to prevent methanol or other chemical poisoning accidents. Therefore, it will be necessary to use systemic accident analysis methods in the field of occupational health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.328-335
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships among environmental belief, ambivalence, subjective norm, attitude and meat consumption behavior. A total of 318 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was employed to assess the causal effects of constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The effects of environmental belief, ambivalence, and subjective norm on attitude were statistically significant. The effects of environmental belief, subjective norm and attitude on meat consumption were statistically significant. The effects of attitude on intention were statistically significant. As had been expected, intention exerted a significant effect on meat consumption. Moreover, environmental belief and ambivalence exerted significant indirect effects on meat consumption through attitude. Subjective norm exerted a significant indirect effect on meat consumption through attitude and intention. Subjective norm also exerted a significant indirect effect on intention through attitude. In developing and testing conceptual models which integrate the relationship among behavioral belief, attitude variable, behavioral intention and meat consumption, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the complex relationship among meat consumption behavior-related variables. Greater understanding of the complex relationship among meat consumption behavior-related variables can improve the practical or managerial diagnosis of the problem and opportunities for different marketing strategies including meat production and meat product development and marketing communication.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.943-955
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• 2017

We investigate and estimate the causal effect of the survey methods in telephone surveys for the 19th presidential election. For this causal study, we draw a causal graph that represents the causal relationship between variables. Then we decide which variables should be included in the model and which variables should not be. We explain why the research agency is a should-be variable and the response rate is a shouldnot-be variable. The effect of ARS can not be estimated due to data limitations. We have found that there is no significant difference in the effect of the proportion of cell phone survey if it is less than about 90 percent. But the support rate for Moon Jae-in gets higher if the survey is performed only by cell phones.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.615-632
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• 2017

Unlike randomized trial, statistical strategies for inferring the unbiased causal relationship are required in the observational studies. The matching with the propensity score is one of the most popular methods to control the confounders in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the outcome variable. Recently, new methods for the causal inference in latent class analysis (LCA) have been proposed to estimate the average causal effect (ACE) of the treatment on the latent discrete variable. They have focused on the application study for the real dataset to estimate the ACE in LCA. In practice, however, the true values of the ACE are not known, and it is difficult to evaluate the performance of the estimated the ACE. In this study, we propose a method to generate a synthetic data using the propensity score in the framework of LCA, where treatment and outcome variables are latent. We then propose a new method for estimating the ACE in LCA and evaluate its performance via simulation studies. Furthermore we present an empirical analysis based on data form the 'National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Health,' where puberty as a latent treatment and substance use as a latent outcome variable.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 1994

This study investigated sex differences in children's self-efficacy and causal relationships between children's self-efficacy and home environment. The home environment factors included mother's efficacy, marital satisfaction, child rearing attitudes, and socio-economic status. The subjects were 491 fifth and sixth grade children and their mothers. The data were analyzed by t-test using the SAS $PC^+$ program and covariance structural analysis using the PC-LISREL VI. The results showed that there were no sex differences in children's global self-efficacy level, but there were sex differences in some subfactors. Furthermore, we found that the same causal model appears for both sexs in the relationship between home environment and children's self-efficacy. That is, socio-economic status of the home and mother's psychological factors influenced mother's attitudes for child rearing which had a direct impact on children's self-efficacy.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2472-2479
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• 2008

There exist several ways to analyse the accident causal analysis. Selection of a method and procedure depends on the characteristics of the system being analysed. Moreover, the selection should take into account of how the accidents causes are classified, since analysis model should make use of the classified causes to identify factors contributing to the risk of accidents. For railway case, a relational analysis as well as statistical estimation of significant hazard frequencies is applied to identify the dominant causes of accidents. This paper introduces outline of the causal analysis system, which is a significant part of the railway accident information and analysis system.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-138
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• 2005

The defence industry of the Republic of Korea(ROK) has grown up since 1970, however it is facing a growth hindrance due to its structural problem. Many professionals of defense industry has developed some measures to upgrade and energize the defence industry of ROK, and also the current government is implementing various transformations and new policies under the initiative of cooperative independence defence. But most of papers published so far have some limitations resulting from their qualitative contents. And also it is true for them not to show policy alternatives devised by the system thinking. This paper identifies essential factors of defense industry, then analyze the causal relation among those factors. It also shows the causal loop to identify the politic leverages, on which concrete measures to resolve the structural problems are based.