• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among food involvement, health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, weight control, and fruit consumption. A total of 290 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs, and the structural analysis results for the data indicated an excellent model fit. The effects of food involvement on health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, weight control, and fruit consumption were statistically significant. As expected, health, mood, and weight control had significant effects on fruit consumption. Moreover, food involvement had a significant indirect effect on fruit consumption through health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal and weight control. For the future development and testing of conceptual models that integrate the relationships among personality traits, food choice motives, and fruit consumption, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the complex relationships among fruit consumption behavior-related variables. Greater understanding of these complex relationships can improve the managerial diagnosis of the problem and opportunities for different marketing strategies, including fruit production and fruit product development and marketing communications.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 2003년도 추계공동학술대회
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• pp.239-250
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• 2003

In this research, we propose a hybrid group decision support mechanism (H-GDSM) based on Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Map). The AHP elicits a corresponding priority vector interpreting the preferred information among the decision makers. Corresponding vector was composed of the pairwise comparison values of a set of objects. Since pairwise comparison values are the judgments obtained from an appropriate semantic scale. However, AHP couldn't represent the causal relationship among information, which were used by decision makers. In contrast to AHP, FCM could represent the causal relationship among variables or information. Therefore, FCMs were successfully developed and used in several ill-structured domains, such as strategic decision-making, policy making, and simulations. Nonetheless, many researchers used subjective and voluntary inputs to simulate the FCM. As a result of subjective inputs, it couldn't avoid the rebukes of businessman. To overcome these limitations, we incorporated the Fuzzy membership functions, AHP and FCM into a H-GDSM. In contrast to current AHP methods and FCMs, the H-GDSM method developed herein could concurrently tackle the pairwise comparison involving causal relationships under a group decision-making environment. The strengths and contributions of our mechanism were 1) handling of qualitative knowledge and causal relationships, 2) extraction of objective input value to simulate the FCM, 3) multi-phase group decision support based on H-GDSM. To validate our proposed mechanism we developed a simple prototype system to support negotiation-based decisions in electronic commerce (EC).

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 2007년도 제57회 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.210-218
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• 2007

Road freight transport industry in Korea contains many and complicate problems such as over supply of the vehicle caused by rapid policy changes, illegal multilevel transactions, poor truck drivers working environment, lack of road freight transport related statistics and so on. Korean government has developed various logistics industrial policy trying to solve these problems in various ways. However, the relationship among the problems and action plans has been more and more entangled since the part of suggested policies have made another perverted problems. These complex structure of the toad freight transport industry in Korea makes difficult to identify and to solve the problems. Causal map method helps to give a clean picture to understand the complex industry at a glance. This study contributes for visualization of the causal relationships among the existing problems and related policy issues in the road freight transport industry in Korea by causal map. This study could be helpful to develop the actual road freight transport industrial policies including the illogical multilevel and unfair transaction in Korea.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2004

As the advent of the Internet, B2B negotiation process on the Internet has been given attention from both researchers and practitioners. However, literature still shows that only structured conditions have been explicitly considered, despite the fact that unstructured conditions should be rendered as well. In this sense, this paper proposes a new negotiation support mechanism to incorporate causal relationships between structured and unstructured conditions in the process of B2B negotiation. Fuzzy cognitive map was used as a main source of causal knowledge as well causal inference engine. A prototype named CAKES-NEGO was developed to perform experiments with an illustrative example. Results revealed the robustness of our proposed negotiation support mechanism.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the causal relationship between import-export goods and transportation modes. To this end, five major commodity groups were selected from 2010 to 2018 such as Machinery and transport equipment (SITC 7), manufactured goods classified chiefly by material (SITC 6), chemicals and related products, n.e.s. (SITC 5), mineral, fuels, lubricants, and related materials (SITC 3), and miscellaneous manufactured articles (SITC 8). And using the panel VECM, the difference between transportation modes such as ports and airports was compared and analyzed through panel granger causality, Impulse response function, Forecasting error variance decomposition. As a result, it is confirmed that the causal relationship between major product groups and transportation modes showed different causal relationships depending on the characteristics of port and air transportation.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships of perceived risk, satisfaction, switching cost and loyalty in outpatient health services. Method: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 393 hospital outpatients. The analysis of data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for structural equation model. Results: The causal model yielded Chi-square=31.44 (p=<.001), df=4, GFI=.98, AGFI=.87, CFI=.97, RMSR=.04, NFI=.96, IFI=.97 and showed relatively good fit indices. Perceived risk had a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, financial switching cost and relational switching cost had significant direct effects on customer loyalty. Perceived risk and customer satisfaction had significant indirect effects on customer loyalty. Conclusion: These results suggest that we should decrease the perceived risk and improve the customer satisfaction and switching cost to retain loyal customers. Further study with both a larger sample from various hospitals and a longitudinal design is necessary.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.170-180
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships between past consumption, health belief, subjective, attitude, intention and purchase of organic foods. Total 326 copies of questionnaire were completed. The structural equation model was used to measure the causal effect among constructs. The results demonstrated that the confirmatory factor analysis model provided a good model fit. The proposed model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the baseline model and the extended model. The effects of past consumption, health belief and subjective norm on attitude and intention were statistically significant. The effects of attitude on intention and behavior to purchase organic food were statistically significant. As expected, health belief and subjective had significant effects on behavior to purchase organic foods. Moreover, past consumption, health belief and subjective norm had indirect influences on intention through mediated variables. Based on the empirical results and findings, some suggestions are provided to the institutions concerned so as to facilitate this organic sector's on-going expansion in the food industry.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among attitude toward eating seafood, perceived behavioral control (PBC), health involvement, behavioral intention and consumption. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated an excellent model fit. Health involvement had considerable effects on attitude and intention, which were statistically significant. The effects of attitude and PBC on intention were also statistically significant. Futhermore, the effects of attitude, PBC, and intention on consumption were statistically significant. As expected, intention had a significant effect on consumption. Moreover, health involvement had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude and PBC. Attitude had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. PBC also had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrated the relationship among variables such as health involvement and attitude, along with seafood consumption behavior, this study approaches a deeper understanding of how perceptions, on the importance of a healthy diet and other factors, influence consumption behavior.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among affective belief, ambivalence, subjective norm, attitude, intention to consume and meat consumption. A total of 318 questionnaires were completed. The structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects among constructs. The results demonstrated that the confirmatory factor analysis model provided excellent model fit. The proposed model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the baseline model. The effects of affective belief, ambivalence and subjective norm on attitude were statistically significant. The effect of subjective norm on intention was statistically significant. As expected, subjective norm and attitude had significant effects on meat consumption. Moreover, affective belief, ambivalence and subjective norm had indirect influences on meat consumption. Subjective norm also had an indirect influence on intention. The overall findings offered strong empirical support for the intuitive notion that improving the level of attitude toward eating meat can increase favorable intentions and decrease unfavorable intentions to reduce future meat consumption.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.92-96
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• 2015

Due to unique characteristics of small construction companies, safety management is comprised of complex problems (e.g., resources constraints, a lack of formalized management structures, low level of management safety commitment etc.). In order to understand causal interdependencies between safety factors at different system levels (regulation, organization, technical and individual), this paper aims to develop a system dynamics (SD) model of safety management in small construction companies. The purpose of the SD model is to better understand why small construction companies have low level of safety performance. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed based on literature, with an attempt to map causal relationships between variables. The CLD was then converted into stock and flow diagram for simulation. Various tests were conducted to build confidence in the model's ability to represent the reality. A number of policies were analyzed by changing the value of parameters. The value of a system dynamics approach to safety management in small construction companies is its ability to address joint effects of multiple safety risk factors on safety performance with a systems thinking perspective. By taking into account feedback loops and non-linear relationships, such a system dynamics model provides insights into the complex causes of relatively poor safety performance of small construction companies and improvement strategies.