• 한국사회복지학
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.203-230
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• 2013

본 연구는 한국복지패널의 원자료를 cross-lagged panel design에 따라 분석자료를 추출하고 인과관계 분석 모형을 이용하여 음주문제와 우울의 인과관계를 분석하였다. 나아가 빈곤이 음주문제와 우울에 영향을 미친다는 국내외 선행연구들을 바탕으로, 음주문제와 우울 간의 인과관계와 빈곤 상태의 변화가 연관성이 있는지를 살펴보았다. 연구 대상은 한국복지패널의 1차년도와 2차년도의 자료에서 반복측정된 3,976명의 성인 남녀였으며, 인과관계 분석은 McArdle and Hamagami (2001)에 의해서 정립된 Latent Difference Scores (LDS)모델을 사용하였다. 분석단계에서는 먼저 음주문제와 우울의 인과관계를 밝힌 후에, 이러한 인과관계가 빈곤의 상태변화를 나타내는 4개의 하위집단 (빈곤 지속 집단, 빈곤 탈출 집단, 비빈곤 지속 집단, 빈곤시작 집단)에서 유지되는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 연구대상전체를 이용한 LDS모델의 결과는 우울이 음주문제의 변화를 예측할 뿐 아니라 음주 역시 우울의 변화를 예측하는 것으로 나타나 우울과 음주가 상호 인과관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 연구 대상자를 빈곤 상태 변화에 따른 집단으로 구분하여 분석한 결과 빈곤지속 집단에서는 우울과 음주가 상호 인과관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났고, 빈곤 시작 집단과 비빈곤 지속 집단에서는 우울의 음주 변화에 선행하는 요인으로 나타났다. 그러나 빈곤 탈출 집단에서는 음주와 우울 사이의 인과관계가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 음주와 우울 사이의 인과관계가 빈곤상태변화에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 체계적으로 보여주는 새로운 결과로서 기존의 횡단연구들에서 우울과 음주의 관계에 대한 서로 상충하는 다양한 결과들에 대한 종합적 설명을 제공할 수 있다는 의미가 있다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.71-90
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• 1994

This study investigated sex differences in children's self-efficacy and causal relationships between children's self-efficacy and home environment. The home environment factors included mother's efficacy, marital satisfaction, child rearing attitudes, and socio-economic status. The subjects were 491 fifth and sixth grade children and their mothers. The data were analyzed by t-test using the SAS $PC^+$ program and covariance structural analysis using the PC-LISREL VI. The results showed that there were no sex differences in children's global self-efficacy level, but there were sex differences in some subfactors. Furthermore, we found that the same causal model appears for both sexs in the relationship between home environment and children's self-efficacy. That is, socio-economic status of the home and mother's psychological factors influenced mother's attitudes for child rearing which had a direct impact on children's self-efficacy.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.687-708
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• 2003

VAR(벡터자기회귀)에서 모형의 식별가정에 관한 주된 비판은 변수의 나열순서에 따라 결과가 달라진다는 것이다. 본 논문은 Swanson and Granger (1997) 이후 시계열 분석에 활발히 적용되기 시작한 그래프이론이 이와 같은 임의식별 문제를 해결함으로써, 자원가격의 가격발현과정을 이해하는데 유용한 수단임을 보여준다. 모형이 이론적 방법론을 소개한 후, 미국 대두의 지역 베이시스를 이용한 실증추정 결과를 제시한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 특수 목적관광유형들 간의 대체보완관계 및 총 개인관광수요와 각 유형의 특수목적관광 사이의 인과관계를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 서울에 거주하고 있는 500개의 표본 중에서 349개의 유효표본이 분석에 이용되었다. 통계적 분석방법으로서 상관관계분석은 대체보완관계의 파악을 위해 그리고 인과관계분석을 위해서는 계량경제모델이 적용되었다. 연구결과, 농촌관광과 해양관광은 상호 경쟁적 대체관계에 놓여 있었으며, 해양관광은 다른 어느 유형의 특수 관광보다 총 개인관광수요에 미치는 영향이 강하게 나타났다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제2권
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• pp.267-294
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• 1998

Recently, self-efficacy is one of the critical constructs that have been found to influence human decisions about behavior selection and the performance associated with the selected behavior. The construct has been widely adopted and tested In the fields of social psychology and/or other behavioral sciences. In information systems field, however, it has been hardly studied, although computer self-efficacy could have been an important factor explaining and predicting human computer usage behaviors. From this perspective, main purposes of the study is to understand causal relation among the factors influencing computer self- efficacy, computer usage behavior and computer self-efficacy. The research reported in this study have several objectives; 1) to develop a measure of computer self-efficacy, 2) to Identify the factors influencing self-efficacy, and 3) to reveal the relationship between self-efficacy and computer usage behavior and then 4) to explain the causal model of computer self-efficacy. By reviewing the literature, past experience, others' use, encouragement by others, and anxiety are selected as the factors influencing computer self-efficacy. Four hypotheses concerning the relationship between each of the variables and computer self-efficacy are tested by LISREL. One more hypothesis about the relationship between computer self-efficacy and computer usage is also tested. The results show that computer self-efficacy is significantly influence by computer anxiety, encouragement by others, and computer experience, and that it is closely correlated with computer usage behavior.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships of perceived risk, satisfaction, switching cost and loyalty in outpatient health services. Method: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 393 hospital outpatients. The analysis of data was done with both SPSS Win 17.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 18.0 for structural equation model. Results: The causal model yielded Chi-square=31.44 (p=<.001), df=4, GFI=.98, AGFI=.87, CFI=.97, RMSR=.04, NFI=.96, IFI=.97 and showed relatively good fit indices. Perceived risk had a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, financial switching cost and relational switching cost had significant direct effects on customer loyalty. Perceived risk and customer satisfaction had significant indirect effects on customer loyalty. Conclusion: These results suggest that we should decrease the perceived risk and improve the customer satisfaction and switching cost to retain loyal customers. Further study with both a larger sample from various hospitals and a longitudinal design is necessary.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among attitude toward eating seafood, perceived behavioral control (PBC), health involvement, behavioral intention and consumption. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated an excellent model fit. Health involvement had considerable effects on attitude and intention, which were statistically significant. The effects of attitude and PBC on intention were also statistically significant. Futhermore, the effects of attitude, PBC, and intention on consumption were statistically significant. As expected, intention had a significant effect on consumption. Moreover, health involvement had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude and PBC. Attitude had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. PBC also had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrated the relationship among variables such as health involvement and attitude, along with seafood consumption behavior, this study approaches a deeper understanding of how perceptions, on the importance of a healthy diet and other factors, influence consumption behavior.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships among environmental belief, ambivalence, subjective norm, attitude and meat consumption behavior. A total of 318 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was employed to assess the causal effects of constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The effects of environmental belief, ambivalence, and subjective norm on attitude were statistically significant. The effects of environmental belief, subjective norm and attitude on meat consumption were statistically significant. The effects of attitude on intention were statistically significant. As had been expected, intention exerted a significant effect on meat consumption. Moreover, environmental belief and ambivalence exerted significant indirect effects on meat consumption through attitude. Subjective norm exerted a significant indirect effect on meat consumption through attitude and intention. Subjective norm also exerted a significant indirect effect on intention through attitude. In developing and testing conceptual models which integrate the relationship among behavioral belief, attitude variable, behavioral intention and meat consumption, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the complex relationship among meat consumption behavior-related variables. Greater understanding of the complex relationship among meat consumption behavior-related variables can improve the practical or managerial diagnosis of the problem and opportunities for different marketing strategies including meat production and meat product development and marketing communication.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.580-588
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of the perceived sacrifice, service quality, value and satisfaction on the intention to revisit restaurants. A total of 273 questionnaires were completed. The equation model was used to measure the causal effects. The results demonstrated that the confirmatory factor analysis model provided an excellent model fit. The modified model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the service quality model, and accounted for a greater share of the variance in intention to revisit than the service quality model. The effects of value and service quality on intention to revisit were statistically significant in both the service quality model and modified model. The effects of perceived sacrifice and service quality on value were statistically significant in the service quality model and modified model. As expected, service quality had a significant effect on satisfaction in the modified model. Satisfaction had a significant effect on intention to revisit in the modified model. Satisfaction also had a significant effect on service quality in the service quality model. Moreover, service quality had an indirect influence on intention to revisit through value and satisfaction in the modified model. Service quality had an indirect influence on the intention to revisit through value in the service quality model. The overall findings offer strong empirical support for the intuitive notion that improving service quality can increase favorable intention to revisit, and decrease unfavorable intention to revisit.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a causal model determining social carrying capacity(SCC) in natural parks, to answer the research question: What is the mechanism for determining SCC in natural parks (NP)\ulcorner After reviewing the literature on SCC and recreation activities in Korean natural parks, we constructed a conceptual framework and formulated the hypothesis of this research. We obtained data through a questionnaire which surveyed 487 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea during 2001, based on a stratified sampling method. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, the mean difference test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and path analysis method. We found that 1) The direct effect of resources, activity space(AS), visitor's expectation(VE), encounter, crowding, damage of resources(DR), maintenance condition of resources and facility(MCRF) to SCC are 3.45, 3.62, 2.75, 2.72, 1.32, and 4.77 times more important than that of crowding, respectively, while the indirect effect of resources, AS, VE, encounter, and DR to SCC is 13.03, 11.19, 3.34, 1.3, 2.05, 1.10, 0.05 and 2.30 times more important then that of crowding, respectively, 2) Causal effects of resources, facility, AS, VE, number of visitors(NV), encounter, crowding, VM, DR, and MCRF to SCC turned out to have 0.3523, 0.3321, 0.1751, 0.1465, 0.0307, 0.0762, 0.0604, -0.0510, -0.1177 and 0.2165, respectively, and 3) The causal effect of activity base(AB) and activity atmosphere(AA) to SCC turned out to have 2.57 and 1.1 times higher than that of MCRF, respectively. The research results suggest that 1) this conceptual framework is highly useful for the development of substantive theory and methodology; 2) management issues of AA and MCRF turned out to have 0.81 times in SCC that of AB, i.e, SCC can be significantly improved from control of AA and MCRF; and 3) supply of excellent resources and convenient facilities is needed to increase social carrying capacity. It is recommended that more empirical studies be performed in the future according to the season, visitor characteristics, and AS by NP.