• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.510-516
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• 1999

Dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with green tea colorants were studied by investigating the effects of dyeing conditions such as colorants concentration. pH dyeing temperature and time on dye uptakes effects of mordats on dye uptakes and color change and effects of cationizing agent on dye uptakes. And various colorfastnesses of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use. Green tea colorants showed low affinity to cotton and produced yellowish red color. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was obtained thus it is considered that hydrogen bondings are formed between colorants and cotton. Dye uptake was maximum at pH 5 and decreased as pH increased. Mordants especially Cu and Sn were effective for increasing dye uptake. Dye uptakes were improved remarkably by cationizing. Cationized cotton showed Langumuir adsorption isotherm indicating that ionic bondings were formed between colorants and cationized cotton. While mordanting did not affect lightfastness cationizing affected adversely. Colorfastness of cationized sample was generally inferior to that of mordanted samples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1996-2000
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• 2009

Alkali metal salts were introduced to enhance the ionization efficiency of glucose and maltooligoses in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). A mixture of the same moles of glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose was used. Salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium were employed as the cationizing agent. The ionization efficiency varied with the alkali metal cation types as well as the analyte sizes. Ion abundance distribution of the [M+$cation]^+$ ions of the carbohydrates varied with the fragmentor voltage. The maximum ion abundance at low fragmentor voltage was observed at maltose, while the maximum ion abundance at high fragmentor voltage shifted to maltotriose or maltotetraose for Na, K, and Cs. Variation of the ionization efficiency was explained with the hydrated cation size and the binding energy of the analyte and alkali metal cation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2001

In order to overcome the disadvantage of the conventional two bath dyeing method of wool/cotton blends, it had prompted significant effort to the development of the one bath dyeing method which can accomplish savings in energy, water usage and time. To improve the dyeability of cotton toward direct dyes in a non-electrolytic and acidic dyebath, cotton component was pretreated with cationizing agent containing chlorohydrine group in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. This study was carried out to investigate almost equal color strength between wool component and cationized cotton component when wool/cationized cotton blends was dyed with acid dye/direct dye by the one bath two step method in a non-electrolytic and acidic dyebath.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2806-2808
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1310-1317
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• 2012

This study examines the possibilities to improve natural dyestuff's (Pinux$^{TM}$) dyeability and colorfastness for C/R (Cotton/Rayon (40/60)) and W/T (Wool/Tencel (10/90)) knitted fabrics in cationizing and smectiting for pre-treatment, simultaneous-treatment and post-treatment process sequences; as well as various other treatment methods. The sample dyeability showed the strongest K/S value in the order of smectite (S) < cationization + smectite (C+S) < cationization (C); however, the K/S value showed a low level in the simultaneoustreatment method of smectite. Colorfastness to washing improved in the order of C < C+S < S, and after the smectite post-treatment process, C/R improved from Grade 1 to Grade 4 and W/T improved from Grade 1-2 to Grade 4. Colorfastness to perspiration generally improved in the same order as the colorfastness to washing and after the smectite post-treatment process C/R, W/T sample's acidic and alkaline colorfastness to perspiration improved greatly. As for the colorfastness to rubbing, the addition of smectite in the simultaneous-treatment and post-treatment processes resulted in improved wet-colorfastness; however, smectite showed less effect on the colorfastness to light compared to other colorfastness ratings.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2022

Cellulose fiber is a material used in various fields. It is the most used type of fiber because of its excellent hygroscopicity and dyeability. Recently, as natural fiber materials have been highlighted due to the influence of eco-friendliness and well-being, bamboo fiber has become a commonly used eco-friendly fiber. Cellulose fibers are part of the -OH hydroxyl group, which means they are more chemically reactive than synthetic fibers. In this study, the cationization properties of bamboo-cotton blended fabrics cationized using CHPTAC (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) in the PDC (padding-drying-curing) method were investigated. Various characteristics according to cationization were studied through elemental analysis, FT-IR (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, TGA (thermogravimetric) analysis, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis. The nitrogen content of the cationized bamboo-cotton blended fabric increased with an increase in the concentration of the cationizing agent CHPTAC, and it was seen to be highly bound to cellulose molecules. As a result of the FT-IR analysis, both 100% pure cotton fabrics and CHPTAC-0 and CHPTAC-150 fabrics were seen to be typical cellulose. As a result of the X-ray diffraction analysis, both 100% pure cotton fabrics and CHPTAC-0 and CHPTAC-150 fabrics showed typical cellulose I structures. As a result of the X-ray diffraction analysis, both 100% pure cotton fabrics and CHPTAC-0 and CHPTAC-150 fabrics showed typical cellulose I structures. As the cationization progressed, micropores appeared on the surface of the blended fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2000

The conventional one bath exhaust dyeing system of nylon]/cotton blends with acid dye/direct dye involves a lot of neutral salt which affect dyeability of acid dyes. Because of conventional one bath exhaust dyeing system of nylonl/cotton blends with acid dye/direct dye needs acid dyes adjusted at a neutral liquor, suitable acid dye is limited. To improve dyeing property of nylon/cotton blends, cotton component was pretreated with cationizing agent containing chlorohydrine group in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. This study was carried out to investigate dyeing possibilities of nylon/cationized cotton blends with acid dye/direct dye in a non-neutral salt dyebath by one bath two step method. The concentration of direct dye was 1.0%, 0.7%, 0.3%o.w.f. respectively at a non, 1%, 3%owf of reserving agent for being almost equal color strength between nylon and 3% cationized cotton when nylon/3% cationized cotton blends was dyed with acid dye/direct dye at concentration of acid dye(1%o.w.f.) by one bath two step method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.577-585
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• 2001

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on cotton fabric were investigated. Effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Cationic agent treatment was done for cotton to improve low dyeability in natural dyeing. In addition antimicrobial activity of the cotton fabrics dyed with pomegranate colorants was examined by the shake flask method. Pomegranate colorants showed low affinity to cotton fiber and its adsorption isotherm was Freundlich type. Therefore, hydrogen bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants onto cotton fiber. Mordants did not significantly increase dye adsorption. Pomegranate colorants produced mainly yellow color on cotton fabric. In order to improve dye uptake, cotton was cationized by treating with Cationon UK(quarterly ammonium salt) and chitosan. The cationized cotton with Cationon UK showed higher dye uptake and shorter dyeing time, compared with the untreated cotton. Chitosan treated cotton also showed high dye uptake, but chitosan was less effective compared with Cationon UK. Fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing was not improved by mordanting and cationizing treatment, but light fastness was increased by all mordants and cationic agent. As dye concentration increased, bacterial reduction rate was increased and mordants did not significantly increase bacterial reduction rate.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate combination dyeing of the cationized cotton with natural colorants extracted from Gardenia and Sappan wood extract using methanol. To improve dyeing properties of cotton with natural dye, cotton fabric was preheated with cationizing agent containing chlorohydrine group in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. On the whole the various medium colors were developed by repeat dyeing with different colorants after dyeing with one colorant in case of natural dyeing, In this study, however in order to obtain various colors on cationized cotton fabrics with natural dyes, pre-mordanting and combination dyeing were carried out. The various colors were obtained according to various metal compounds for pre-mordants and various mixing portion of Gardenia and Sappan wood. Metal compounds containing alum, copper and iron were used for pre-mordants.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 1999

The conventional dyeing of wool/cotton blends involves a two bath two step method, i.e., after dyeing of the wool component with acid dyes in an acidic dyebath at $100^\circ{C}$, the dyeing of the cotton component with reactive dyes in an alkaline dyebath is performed. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the conventional two bath two step dyeing method of wool/cotton blends, it had prompted significant effort to the development of the one bath dyeing method which can accomplish savings in time, energy and water usage. To improve dyeing property of wool/cotton blends, cotton component was pretreated with cationizing agent containing chlorohydrine group in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. This study was carried out to investigate dyeing possibilities of wool/cationized cotton blends with acid dye/reactive dye by one bath two step method.