• 제목/요약/키워드: Cation exchange

검색결과 937건 처리시간 0.023초

Cation exchange membrane and anion exchange membrane aided electrolysis processes for hypochlorite generation

  • Seong K. Kim;Dong-Min Shin;Ji Won Rhim
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2023
  • In this study, the influence of different IEMs (ion exchange membranes) to performance of the hypochlorite electrolysis unit with Cl2 recovery stream was investigated. More specifically, Nafion 117-a representative cation exchange membrane (CEM)-and aminated polypheylene oxide (APPO)-an anion exchange membrane (AEM)-were installed in the hypochlorite electrolysis unit, and the performance and the energy efficiency of the units were evaluated and compared. Regardless of whether CEM (Nafion 117) or AEM (APPO) was installed, the rate of hypochlorite generation was increased (by up to 24.3% and 22.2% for Nafion 117 and APPO, respectively) compared with the unit without an IEM. On the other hand, the power efficiency and the optimum operation condition of hypochlorite production units seem to depend on the conductivity and stability of the installed IEM. As the result, between Nafion 117 and APPO, higher performance and efficiency were achieved with Nafion 117, due to excellent conductivity and stability of the membrane.

Reduction in Salmonella mutagenicity of mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by cation exchange chromatography

  • Shin, Han-Jae;Lee, Byeong-Chan;Sohn, Hyung-Ok;Park, Chul-Hoon;Lee, Hyeong-Seok;Yoo, Ji-Hye;Lee, Dong-Wook;Hyun, Hak-Chul
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2008
  • Mutagenicity of cigarette smoke is one of the major health concerns related to smoking. Reduction of the components comprising mutagenic activity in cigarette mainstream smoke can be expected to bring about reduced risk of smoking. The purpose of this study is to isolate mutagenic compounds and to investigate the relative contribution to allover mutagenicity of smoke to find clues for the effective elimination of the components. Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) was obtained from total particulate matter (TPM) of mainstream smoke, and several fractions fractionated from CSC were made by combination of cation exchange chromatograph and reverse-phase chromatography. The mutagenic activity of these fractions was assessed using Salmonella mutagenicity assay with S. typimurium TA98 strain in the presence of metabolic activation system (S-9). The fractions isolated by cation exchange and reverse-phase column showed relatively high mutagenic activity. The basic and hydrophilic fraction 9 showed approximately 33% of mutagenic activity of CSC and its specific activity was 2,459 revertants/mg TPM. These results suggest that hydrophilic cation exchanger and/or other adsorbents possessing similar properties may be used to remove the mutagenic compounds from mainstream smoke.

A Study on the Synthesis of Organophilic [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite Intercalations Complex and its Swelling Properties

  • Cho, Sung-Jun
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.427-432
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    • 2002
  • In this research an organic cation, [TEACOOH] Br, with a long alkyl chain was synthesized which will replace the metal ion between the layers of Na-Montmorillonite and an organophilic [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by the cation exchange reaction between the Na-Montmorillonite and the synthesized [TEACOOH] Br. After drying of this intercalations complex in high vacuum we have tried to experiment on the probability whether it will form complexes with various swelling solutions such as dist. water, methano, ethanol, toluene, acetonitrile and propionitrile and the corresponding basal sp acings measured were $17.41{\AA}$, $31.90{AA}$, $34.42{AA}$, $30.52{AA}$ and $32.36{AA}$, respectively.

양이온 교환수지에 의한 희토류 원소의 용리현상에 관한 연구 (Study on the Elution Behavior of Rare Earth Elements by Cation Exchange Resin)

  • 차기원;홍성욱;김경환
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.63-68
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    • 1986
  • 양이온 교환수지를 이용하여 희토류 원소들의 용리현상을 연구하였다. 희토류 원소를 EDTA로 착물로 만들어 수지상단에 일정량 흡착 시킨 후 EDTA용액으로 용리하는 방법이 희토류 원소를 직접 양이온 교환수지에 흡착시키고 용리시키는 방법보다 희토류 원소들이 빨리 용리되어 용리액과 용리시간이 절약 되었다. 그러나 분리능은 약간 감소 하였다. 용리되는 순서는 착물의 안정도 상수가 큰 원소가 먼저 용리 되었다.

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Development of Pore-filled Ion-exchange Membranes for Efficient All Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

  • Kang, Moon-Sung
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.204-210
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    • 2013
  • Thin pore-filled cation and anion-exchange membranes (PFCEM and PFAEMs, $t_m=25-30{\mu}m$) were prepared using a porous polymeric substrate for efficient all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). The electrochemical and charge-discharge performances of the membranes have been systematically investigated and compared with those of commercially available ion-exchange membranes. The pore-filled membranes were shown to have higher permselectivity as well as lower electrical resistances than those of the commercial membranes. In addition, the VRBs employing the pore-filled membranes exhibited the respectable charge-discharge performances, showing the energy efficiencies (EE) of 82.4% and 84.9% for the PFCEM and PFAEM, respectively (cf. EE = 87.2% for Nafion 1135). The results demonstrated that the pore-filled ion-exchange membranes could be successfully used in VRBs as an efficient separator by replacing expensive Nafion membrane.

원자로 일차 냉각제 계통내 탈염공정의 양이온 교환수지상에서 니켈(Ni), 코발트(Co) 및 은(Ag) 이온의 흡착 특성 (Adsorption Characteristics of Ni, Co and Ag Ions on The Cation Exchange Resin of Demineralization Process in Primary Coolant System of PWR)

  • 양현수;김영호;강덕원;성기방
    • 공업화학
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.51-57
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    • 1999
  • 원자로 정지시 냉각제 계통내 탈염 공정의 최적운전에 도움을 줄 목적으로 Amberite IRN 77 양이온 교환수지상에서 Ni(II), Co(II) 및 Ag(I) 이온의 흡착특성을 연구하였다. 양이온 교환수지상에서 Ni(II), Co(II) 및 Ag(I) 이온 각각의 흡착 메카니즘은 Langmuir isotherm에 잘 일치하였다. 양이온교환수지의 형태에 따른 영향으로서 $H^+$-형의 수지의 흡착 및 처리 용량은 $Li^+$-형의 수지보다 우수하였다. 다성분계의 용액을 위한 연속식 이온교환공정에서 양이온교환수지의 흡착선택성은 Ni(II)${\approx}$Co(II)>Ag(I)였으며, 유속의 증가는 수지의 처리용량 뿐만 아니라 파과곡선의 기울기를 감소시켰다.

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초저이온 농도범위에서 혼합층 이온교환능과 온도의 영향 - 2. 온도의 영향 - (The Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange Performance and Temperature Effects at Ultra-Low Concentrations - 2.Temperature Effects -)

  • 윤태경;노병일;이창원;문병현;이강춘;조명찬
    • 공업화학
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.206-211
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구에서는 NaCl수용액의 초저이온 농도범위 ($1.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ 이하)에서 양이온 교환수지 대 음이온 교환수지의 비, 수지량, 계의 온도를 함수로 한 혼합층 이온교환의 거동을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 실험실 크기의 연속흐름 칼럼을 통하여 양이온 교환수지와 음이온 교환수지의 교환능이 소모될 때까지의 유출농도를 처리된 유량의 함수로 측정하여 파과곡선을 구하였다. 초기누출은 수지량이 적은 경우 양이온과 음이온의 파과곡선에 나타났으나, 선택도계수가 낮은 양이온의 파과곡선에 현격하게 크게 나타났다. 선택도계수는 파과곡선의 기울기에 영향을 미쳤으며, 계수값이 큰 음이온의 파과곡선의 기울기가 급격하였다. 온도변화는 파과곡선의 기울기에 영향을 미쳤으며, 온도가 증가할수록 이온교환속도가 증가하였다. 이 온도효과는 수지비에 관계없이 수지총량이 증가할수록 또는 이온교환수지의 교환능이 감소하여 파과곡선이 평형에 가까워질수록 감소하였다.

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한라산 구상나무 건전개체와 쇠약개체의 항산화효소활성 및 토양특성 (Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Soil Properties of Healthy and Declining Abies koreana (Wils.) in Mt. Halla)

  • 임종환;우수영;권미정;김영걸
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권1호
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2007
  • 구상나무의 스트레스 적응능력을 보여주는 항산화효소활성, 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체의 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 윗세오름, 영실 그리고 성판악(진달래밭)지역의 건전개체와 쇠퇴개체를 조사 분석하였다. 항산화효소활성으로는 Ascorbate peroxidase(APX)와 Glutathione Reductase(GR)를, 토양특성으로는 토성, pH, 유기물함량, 전 질소함량, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량, 양이온의 함량을 분석하였고, 구상나무 잎을 채취하여 식물체의 양분함량을 분석하였다. APX, GR 효소 활성에 있어서 건전개체와 쇠약한 개체 사이에는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 계절적으로 6월과 8월에 비해 9월의 항산화효소 활성도가 낮게 나타났다. 토양분석 결과 유기물함량, 전질소, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량, 양이온 함량이 건전개체가 있는 곳에 비해 쇠약한 개체가 있는 곳의 토양이 낮게 나타났다.

Behaviors of Desorption Agents During Removal of Cs From Clay Minerals and Actual Soil

  • Park, Chan Woo;Kim, Ilgook;Yoon, In-Ho;Yang, Hee-Man;Seo, Bum-Kyung
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.39-49
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    • 2021
  • The behaviors of various desorption agents were investigated during the desorption of cesium (Cs) from samples of clay minerals and actual soil. Results showed that polymeric cation exchange agents (polyethyleneimine (PEI)) efficiently desorbed Cs from expandable montmorillonite, whereas acidic desorption solutions containing HCl or PEI removed considerable Cs from hydrobiotite. However, most desorption agents could desorb only 54% of Cs from illite because of Cs's specific adsorption to selective adsorption sites. Cs desorption from an actual soil sample containing Cs-selective clay mineral illite (< 200 ㎛) and extracted from near South Korea's Kori Nuclear Power Plant was also investigated. Considerable adsorbed 137Cs was expected to be located at Cs-selective sites when the 137Cs loading was much lower than the sample's cation exchange capacity. At this low 137Cs loading, the total Cs amount desorbed by repeated washing varied by desorption agent in the order HCl > PEI > NH4+, and the highest Cs desorption amount achieved using HCl was 83%. Unlike other desorption agents with only cation exchange capabilities, HCl can attack minerals and induce dissolution of metallic elements. HCl's ability to both alter minerals and induce H+/Cs+ ion exchange is expected to promote Cs desorption from actual soil samples.

이온교환막 공정 및 응용 연구동향 (Research Trends in Ion Exchange Membrane Processes and Practical Applications)

  • 김득주;정문기;남상용
    • 공업화학
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2015
  • 본 리뷰에서는 에너지분야 응용을 위해 사용된 이온교환막을 이용한 분리막 공정에 대하여 정리하였다. 이온교환막은 기능, 균일상, 불균일상과 같은 형태, 사용된 고분자의 종류에 따라 구분되었으며, 양이온 및 음이온 교환막을 제조하기 위한 다양한 방법에 대하여 논문을 참조하여 정리하였다. 이온교환막을 제조하기 위한 최신 연구결과 동향이 보고되었으며, 본 리뷰에서는 분리막의 제조 및 발전되어온 내용과, 분리막을 미래지향적 기술에 사용하기 위한 잠재적 응용분야에 대하여 논의하였다.