• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2002

Availability of feeds and fodder and amount of their intake by large ruminants in eight different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Bangladesh were recorded over a year. Roughages such as straw, naturally grown green grass, water hyacinth, tree leaves, legumes and sugarcane tops were the major feedstuffs fed to the large ruminants. Amount of intake of these ingredients differed (p<0.01) across AEZ studied, but did not differ across seasons or farmers' categories (p>0.05) except for green grasses (p<0.01). Byproduct concentrates offered to animals in the studied areas were rice bran, wheat bran and different oil cakes. The amount of intake of concentrates by the animals also differed (p<0.01) across AEZs, but did not differ across seasons or farmers' categories (p>0.05), except for rice bran and wheat bran which differed between season and farm category, and season respectively (p<0.01). The large standard errors of mean indicate that there are wide variations in intake of roughages and concentrates across AEZ's, seasons and farmers' categories and even across days. This further indicates that the feeding practices of large ruminants are largely heterogeneous. In addition to feeding roughage and concentrates, the animals were allowed to graze for six hours a day. Grazing hours also differed (p<0.01) across AEZ, but not by farmers' categories or seasons.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-223
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• 2008

This paper studies the supply and demand of Industrial Technology Labor-force(ITL) and analyzes the determinate of ITL shortage in Korean manufacturing. We classified the industry into four categories-high technology industries, medium-high technology industries, medium-low technology industries and low technology industries-based on its R&D intensity like OECD. For the empirical analyses we use a survey data collected from 5,703 enterprises. The key findings are as follows: Firstly, a large majority of ITL is engaged in more technology-intensive industries but the categories that are exposed to more serious labor-force shortage problem are medium-high technology industries and low technology industries. Secondly, in the terms of supply factor, the ITL shortage problems are mainly due to the avoidance of ITL jobs. And the demand point, the reason is that the most of ITL are not researchers but production managers. Thirdly, the cause of imbalance between supply and demand of ITL are different by the technological categories. For example, in the high technology industries, the supply factors, such as average wage and turnover rate played more important role in the imbalance. But in the low technology industries the demand factors, such as per capita sales and the ratio of ITL in all employees were relatively much more important. Based on the findings, we discovered some political meanings such as the necessity to plan various policies to resolve the shortage problem of ITL according to the technological categories, etc.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

In this paper we propose a new approach that recognizes the similar categories by weighting distinctive features. The approach is based on the PLSA that is one of the effective methods for the object categorization. PLSA is introduced from the information retrieval of text domain. PLSA, unsupervised method, shows impressive performance of category recognition. However, it shows relatively low performance for the similar categories which have the analog distribution of the features. In this paper, we consider the effective object categorization for the similar categories by weighting the mainly distinctive features. We present that the proposed algorithm, weighted PLSA, recognizes similar categories. Our method shows better results than the standard PLSA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 1990

Changes in male roles and lifestyle in recent years have brought about an increased interest in appearance and apparel for men. The purpose of this study was to classify consumers into categories based on style of men's business suits and describe the resulting categories in terms of lifestyle, clothing behavior, appearance and demographic variables. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 513 consumers 20-69 years of age living in Seoul, and analyzed by factor analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, one-way ANOVA, CROSSTAB, and S-N-K test. Resulting categories of consumers were labeled as formal, semi-formal and casual. Descrip-tive profiles of the three categories were developed differently by 2 lifestyle factors (positive opinion leadership, social participation), 1 clothing factor (conformity), 2 appearance factors (conservative, energetic), and 2 demographic variables (age, marital status). The semi-formal type of man is significantly different from the two other types in his group activities that require social participation and opinion leadership. The formal type is significantly different from the two other types in his conformity in clothing and conservative appearance. The majority of formal and semi-formal types of men were 25-39 years of age and married, while the casual type was younger and unmarried.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.581-588
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• 2009

With the development of IT industry and formation of web-based knowledge sharing platform, a variety of railway-related information services on the web have emerged, ranging from personal blogs to dedicated portal sites, as in the other sectors. These services are contributing to advancing railway industry after all. As far as it is concerned with specific areas such as railway sector, the internet users are hardly expected to avail satisfactory results in acquiring customized information from the access, as the information served varies on the intension of the web site operator or relevant agency, and indexing categories and sub-categories is not easy to work out in a straight manner. This study will review on the feasibility of standardizing categories and sub-categories for railway industry information on the web, and present optimum categorization and sub-categorization approach for the most satisfactory results when searched, ultimately aiming at laying a foundation to satisfy the wide spectrum of users' need for railway information.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.136-151
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in perceptions of the categories of environmental education and environmental education professionalism of teachers participating in a in-service teacher training programs for environmental education. For this study, surveys and interviews were conducted before and after participation of 20 elementary and secondary school teachers who had participated in 'in-service teacher training program for professional development in environmental education' in August of 2005. Before participation, most of teachers answered that 'Education for Environment' was essential factor among the categories for environmental education. After participation, 15 teachers retained their perception but 5 teachers had changed to 'Education about Environment' or 'Education for Environment'. Environmental professionalism was conducted in '5 ability categories of environment teachers' of Hungerford et al.(1994). Categories has goal domains such as 'Goal domain I (level of basic)', 'Goal domain II (level of conceptual perceptions)', 'Goal domain III (level of investigating and evaluation)', 'Goal domain IV(level of environmental action skill)', 'Goal domain V(level of educational apply)'. Before participation, teachers had a low level of professionalism in environmental areas, but after participation environmental education professionalism improved significantly into the all 'Goal domains'.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2007

We investigate factors that influence the choice of high-share brands(HSBs) vs. low-share brands(LSBs) among various product and consumer characteristics related to brand-share perceptions. Specifically, using 8 product categories varying in terms of purchase decision involvement, we show how the influencing factors vary across the categories. At the general level that cover all the 8 categories, our hierarchical Bayesian regressions analysis shows that factors that favor high-share brands are purchase decision involvement, search goods, experience goods, price-quality relationship, positive network externalities, and price-prestige beliefs. Conversely, consumers who value variety seeking and need for uniqueness favor low-share brands. The effects of these factors, however, vary across product categories. The identification of these characteristics can help brand managers establish a more effective brand-share strategy in such areas as setting an optimal market share goal, extending a brand, and developing ad copy. Furthermore, our consumer segmentation analysis demonstrates the general market has two distinct segments - (1) a segment composed of HSB buyers(86%) and (2) a segment composed of LSB buyers(14%). The two segments are also shown to have different significant factors that explain their brand choice. Our segmentation analysis can help marketers establish a marketing strategy that targets a specific segment of interest.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2017

Purpose: The microstructural characteristics of trabecular bone were identified using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), in order to develop a potential strategy for implant surface improvement to facilitate osseointegration. Methods: Alveolar bone specimens from the cadavers of 30 humans were scanned by high-resolution micro-CT and reconstructed. Volumes of interest chosen within the jaw were classified according to Hounsfield units into 4 bone quality categories. Several structural parameters were measured and statistically analyzed. Results: Alveolar bone specimens with D1 bone quality had significantly higher values for all structural parameters than the other bone quality categories, except for trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). The percentage of bone volume, trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and trabecular number (Tb.N) varied significantly among bone quality categories. Tb.Sp varied markedly across the bone quality categories (D1: $0.59{\pm}0.22mm$, D4: $1.20{\pm}0.48mm$), whereas Tb.Th had similar values (D1: $0.30{\pm}0.08mm$, D4: $0.22{\pm}0.05mm$). Conclusions: Bone quality depended on Tb.Sp and number-that is, endosteal space architecture-rather than bone surface and Tb.Th. Regardless of bone quality, Tb.Th showed little variation. These factors should be taken into account when developing individualized implant surface topographies.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-184
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data in child health education or counselling through content analysis related to child health in newspaper articles. Data were collected 8 daily newspaper by selecting health articles from neonate to adolescent period during 1 year from January 1 to December 31 in 1998. The data were analyzed in the framework of content analysis method and the reliability degree was 98% by the method of Holsti. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The frequency according to health category, disease treatment(46.7%) topped followed by health maintenanceㆍpromotion(28.0%), disease prevention(14.7%), growthㆍdevelopment(10.6%) 2. The frequency according to season, summer (36.4%) rank first. 3. The frequency according to WHO international disease classification, infectious disease (29.6%) take most. 4. According to child developmental age, similar frequency showed from infant to adolescent except neonate. 5. 201 themes, 43 category,4 health categories were confirmed in the content analysis. 6. Health maintenceㆍpromotion occupy 28.0% of health category include 14 categories. 7, Growthㆍdevelopment include 6 category occuping 10.6% of the whole health category. 8. Disease prevention occupy 14.7% of health category and contain 6 categories. 9. Disease treatment take top of health category by the rate of 46.7% and contain 17 categories.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

Purpose : With a recently growing population of the disabled, the importance of creating the living environment for them has been emphasized, making the design guidelines to play more important role in this sense. This research aims to generalize the existing design guidelines for the housing for the disabled, diagnose their problems, and suggest a systematic and consistent milestone of the guidelines developed in the future. Method : The analysis objects of this research are 1910 categories of the design guidelines for the domestic housing for the disabled, and the research removed the redundancy and separated multi-complex categories. A total of 1424 independent categories were extracted, and been conducted content analysis from three aspects of redundancy, sub-categorization system and descriptive form based on the extracted categories. Results : Redundancy analysis figured out important characteristics by space. Moreover, the current guideline system can be integrated by analysis of sub-category system. Lastly, the research found that the guidelines need to be understood more easily and suggested under accurate criteria by analyzing the descriptive forms. Implication : This research holds significance as a fundamental data to improve the design guidelines for the disabled in the future, ultimately contributing to a better quality of life of the disabled.