• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

Catastrophic failures in power systems are rare but not uncommon events. Protection systems play an important role in the progression of events during a catastrophic failure. This paper will examine some of the historical records, and suggest possible improvements to protection systems which can have a positive impact on power system performance during catastrophic failures.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
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• pp.269-276
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• 1998

This paper proposes an opportunistic age replacement policy. The system has two types of failures. Type I failures (minor failures) are removed by minimal repairs, whereas type II failures are removed by replacements. Type I and type II failures are age-dependent. A system is replaced at type II failure (catastrophic failure) or at the opportunity after age T, whichever occurs first. The cost of the minimal repair of the system at age z depends on the random part C(z) and the deterministic part c(z). The opportunity arises according to a Poisson process, independent of failures of the component. The expected cost rate is obtained. The optimal $T^{\ast}$ which would minimize the cost rate is discussed. Various special cases are considered. Finally, a numerical example is given.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2019

국내 산업이 발전함에 따라 유해화학물질의 사용이 급속도로 증가하고 있고, 이에 따른 화학사고 역시 증가하고 있다. 대부분의 화학사고는 저장시설에서 화학물질의 누출로 인해 발생하지만, 갑작스러운 고온 고압으로 인해 저장시설이 파열됨으로써 내부의 물질이 순간적으로 방출되는 사고 역시 발생하고 있다. 이것을 catastrophic failure라고 부르며 그 빈도는 매우 낮지만, 발생했을 때 피해 규모는 매우 크다. 국내에서는 2013년 울산의 한 현장에서 물탱크의 파열로 인해 3명의 사망자를 포함한 15명의 사상자가 발생하였고, 전 세계적으로 1919년부터 2004년까지 저장시설의 순간 전량 방출 사고가 64건 발생하였다. 저장시설에서 위험물질이 누출될 경우 외부로의 확산을 방지하는 방류벽이 존재하지만, 저장시설의 파괴로 물질이 순간적으로 방출되는 경우 내부 물질이 방류벽 바깥으로 넘치는 현상이 발생한다. 이를 월파 현상 또는 overtopping 이라 한다. 해외에서는 저장시설의 순간 전량 방출 사고에 따른 overtopping 효과를 실험을 통해 연구해왔다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 전산유체역학(CFD) 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 국내 규정을 준수하는 방류벽의 설계 조건별 overtopping 효과를 확인해 보았다. 그 결과, 방류벽 용량의 최소기준을 만족한 상태에서 높이가 높아지고 설비와의 거리가 가까워짐에 따라 내부 물질이 방류벽 외부로 빠져나가는 현상은 줄어들었다. 추가로 대기조건 및 물질의 종류, 방류벽 형상에 따른 overtopping의 효과를 확인함으로써, 순간 전량 방출 사고의 피해를 고려한 방류벽의 설계 방향 및 저감 대책을 제시하고자 한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2331-2334
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• 2003

The basic difference between the EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) and UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter) stems from the manner in which Gaussian random variables(GRV) are represented for propagating through system dynamics. In the EKF, the state distribution is approximated by a GRV, which is then propagated analytically through the first-order linearization of the nonlinear system. This can possibly introduce large errors in the true posterior mean and covariance of the transformed GRV, which may lead to sub-optimal performance and sometimes divergence of the filter. However, the UKF addresses this problem by using a deterministic sampling approach. The state distribution is also approximated by a GRV, but is now represented using a minimal set of carefully chosen sample points. These sample points completely capture the true mean and covariance of the GRV, and UKF captures the posterior mean and covariance accurately up to the 2nd order(Taylor series expansion) for any nonlinearity. This paper utilizes the UKF to determine spacecraft orbit when only magnetometer is available. Several catastrophic failures of spacecraft in orbit have been attributed to failures of the spacecraft mission. Recently studies on contingency-major sensor failure cases- have been performed. For mission success, contingency design or plan should be implemented in case of a major sensor failure. Therefore the algorithm presented in this paper can be used for a spacecraft without GPS or contingency design in case of GPS failure.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

The O&M (Operation and Maintenance) phase of offshore plants with a long life cycle requires heavy charges and more efforts than the construction phase, and the occurrence of an accident of an offshore plant causes catastrophic damage. So previous studies have focused on design for reliability, and recently many studies have dealt with a maintenance system to prevent unexpected failures. Nowadays due to the emerging ICTs (Information Communication Technologies) and sensor technologies, it is possible to send health monitoring information of important equipment to administrator of an offshore plant in real time, which leads to having much concern on condition based maintenance policy or predictive maintenance. In this study, we have reviewed previous studies associated with condition-based maintenance of offshore plants, and introduced the approaches predicting failures of the compressor which is one of essential mechanical devices in LNG FPSO.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2015

통신, 교통, 전력 및 물 공급 시스템과 같은 사회 인프라 시스템은 이제 구성 요소 장애, 보안 공격과 자연 재해 등을 포함하여 다양한 종류의 위협에 직면하고 있다. 이러한 바람직하지 못한 사건이 발생할 때마다, 사회 기반의 기능정지시간이 사회에 치명적인 결과를초래하기 때문에 가능한 한 빨리 시스템을 복구하는 것이 중요하다. 특히 네트워크상에서의 장애가 발생했을 때, 링크 장애를 자동적으로 복구해야 그 피해를 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 네트워크 장애시 고객이 인식하기 전에 서비스가 복구 될 수 있게 하면 그 효과는 더 클 것이다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크에서의 자동복구성과 비용사이의 관계를 분석한다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

This Paper deals with the stochastic behavior and failure analysis of a Viscose Staple Fibre Plant which produces fibre for making clothes. The fibre making plant is a complex system with various subsystems as: Vendor (supplies Charcoal and Sulphur, raw materials for the process), Carbon di sulphide Plant, Acid Plant, Pulp Plant and Processing Plant. The considered system can completely fail due to failure of any of the subsystems. The Carbon di Sulphide Plant can fail in two different ways, due to lack of Sulphur or Charcoal. Processing Plant has the configuration 5-out-of-10: d and 6-out-of-10: f. It is also assumed that the system can fail due to workers strike and catastrophic failure. All failures follow exponential time distribution whereas all repairs follow general time distribution. Preventive Maintenance policy has been applied to reduce the failure in the system. Various reliability characteristics such as transition state probabilities, steady state behavior, reliability, availability, M.T.T.F and the cost analysis have been obtained using supplementary variable technique and Gumbel-Hougaard copula methodology.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Vulnerability assessment of power systems is important so as to determine their ability to continue to provide service in case of any unforeseen catastrophic contingency such as power system component failures, communication system failures, human operator error, and natural calamity. An approach towards the development of on-line power system vulnerability assessment is by means of using an artificial neural network(ANN), which is being used successfully in many areas of power systems because of its ability to handle the fusion of multiple sources of data and information. An important consideration when applying ANN in power system vulnerability assessment is the proper selection and dimension reduction of training features. This paper aims to investigate the effect of using various feature extraction methods on the performance of ANN as well as to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the proposed feature extraction method named as neural network weight extraction. For assessing vulnerability of power systems, a vulnerability index based on power system loss is used and considered as the ANN output. To illustrate the effectiveness of ANN considering various feature extraction methods for vulnerability assessment on a large sized power system, it is verified on the IEEE 300-bus test system.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2010

For over a decade, research and development on submerged hardware in continuous galvanizing pots has been carried out at Teck's Product Technology Centre. The outcome of numerous laboratory tests and field trials has demonstrated that dissimilar materials with comparable surface hardness are most suitable for the manufacture of roll bearings. Wear debris can be easily retained in bearings made of the same material, thereby negatively affecting bearing performance and service life. Bearings made of the same materials are also vulnerable to catastrophic failures. The dissolution of iron from the coated strip creates an iron-rich zone associated with a high concentration gradient in the vicinity of the sink roll. Consequently, the sink roll becomes a preferential site for dross pick-up. In operations involving extremely high temperatures, such as in Galvalume production, the material selection for pot hardware is immaterial to the final corrosion product of the hardware and the pick-up on the hardware.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2010

Defense systems are needed to prevent catastrophic failures of a power grid due to cascaded events. Cascaded events can be occurred by power flow overload. Especially, it is the most dangerous problem that overload line is outage, because it can make the power system face danger of cascaded. In this paper, vulnerability evaluation for monitoring wide are outage is proposed using by configuration information of transmission systems. This method of vulnerability evaluation is considered direct effect and indirect effect of power flow, especially overload. What is more, it can be used when the configuration of power system changes, as simple fault occurs or maintenance of facility. In the case studies, the estimation and simulation network have been testified and analysed in PSSE and C programming.