• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.485-487
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 애견의 안구 영상을 분석하여 백내장을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 애견의 영상에서 안구 영역을 선택한 후, 양선형 보간법을 적용하여 선택된 안구 영역을 확대한 후, 퍼지 스트레칭 기법을 적용하여 명암 대비를 강조한다. 강조된 영상에서 이진화 기법과 침식, 팽창기법을 적용하여 잡음 영역을 제거한다. 잡음이 제거된 안구 영역에 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 기법을 적용하여 백내장을 추출한다. 추출된 백내장 부분을 애견의 평균적인 백내장의 크기와 비교 분석하여 백내장 가능성을 도출한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.500-502
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 애견 안구 영상에서 백내장을 추출하고 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 애견 안구 영상에 퍼지 스트레칭 기법을 적용하여 픽셀의 상한 값과 하한 값을 조정한다. 퍼지 스트레칭 기법이 적용된 영상에 ART2 기법을 적용하여 양자화를 수행한다. 양자화된 정보를 이용하여 영상을 이진화한다. 이진화된 영상에서 침식과 팽창 기법을 적용하여 영상의 픽셀 크기를 확대 또는 축소하여 타원 형태를 가진 객체 중에서 전체 영상 크기의 1/5보다 적은 객체를 잡음으로 간주하여 제거한다. 잡음이 제거된 영상에서 8방향 윤곽선 추적 기법을 적용하여 백내장 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 백내장 영역을 히스토그램으로 시각화 한다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 확인하기 위해서 히스토그램으로 시각화하여 분석한 결과, 제안된 방법이 백내장 추출에 효과적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.94-96
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 기존의 백내장 추출 방법을 개선하기 위해 FCM(Fuzzy C_Means) 알고리즘을 적용하여 백내장을 추출하고 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 애견 안구 영상에서 ROI 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 ROI 영역에서 Fuzzy Stretching 기법을 적용하여 픽셀의 상한 값과 하한 값을 조정한다. 퍼지 스트레칭 기법이 적용된 ROI 영역에 Max-Min 기반 평균 이진화 기법을 적용하여 ROI 영역을 이진화한다. 그리고 퍼지 스트레칭 기법이 적용된 ROI 영역에 FCM 알고리즘을 적용하여 양자화한 후에 양자화된 ROI 영역에서 밝기 평균 이진화 기법을 적용하여 이진화한다. 따라서 Max-Min 기반 이진화 기법을 적용하여 이진화된 ROI 영역과 밝기 평균 이진화 기법을 적용하여 이진화된 ROI 영역을 AND 연산을 적용하여 백내장의 후보 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 백내장의 후보 영역에서 침식, 팽창 기법을 적용하여 ROI 영역의 픽셀 크기를 확대 또는 축소하고 타원 형태를 가진 객체 중에서 ROI의 전체 영역의 크기가 1/5보다 적은 객체를 잡음으로 간주하여 제거한다. 잡음이 제거된 백내장의 후보 영역에서 크기가 3/5이상인 영역을 백내장 영역으로 추출한다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 분석하기 위하여 기존의 백내장 추출 방법과 제안된 백내장 추출 방법을 15개의 백내장 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존의 백내장 추출 방법보다 백내장 추출률이 개선된 것을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.606-611
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• 2003

Byakangelicin, 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-7H- furo[3,2-g][l]benzopyran-7-one (BKG), a component of Angelicae dahuricae Radix, is considered to be an inhibitor of aldose reductase for the treatment of diabetic cataract. An analytical method for the isolation of BKG developed by high-performance liquid chromatography has been reported. No literature on the metabolism of BKG, however, has been found. With the purpose of identifying new metabolites of BKG, BKG (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats via a gavage. Using a metabolic cage, urine was collected for 24 h, and the urine samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. For structural identification of new urinary metabolites of BKG, various instrumental analyses were conducted by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy with thermospray interface and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two metabolites produced from the Ο-demethylation or Ο-dealkylation of BKG were newly identified, and another new but unknown metabolite was assumed to be the hydroxylated form of BKG. These results indicate that the major metabolic products of BKG are formed by Ο-demethylation or Ο-dealkylation of BKG side chains.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.524-526
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 클러스터의 개수를 다양하게 설정하여 누적된 변화율이 가장 작은 변화율을 가진 클러스터 개수를 동적으로 설정하는 방법을 제안하여 백내장 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 백내장 추출 방법은 애견 안구 영상에서 관심 영역을 ROI 영역으로 설정한다. 설정된 ROI 영역에 퍼지 스트레칭 기법을 적용하여 픽셀의 상한 값과 하한 값을 조정한다. 퍼지 스트레칭 기법이 적용된 ROI 영역에서 FCM 알고리즘을 적용하여 클러스터 소속 행렬의 중심 값의 변화율이 가장 적은 개수를 최적의 클러스터 개수로 설정하여 ROI 영역을 양자화 한다. 양자화된 ROI 영역에서 침식 및 팽창 기법을 적용하고 ROI 영역의 면적을 기준으로 1/5보다 적은 면적을 가진 객체를 잡음으로 간주하여 제거한다. 잡음이 제거된 ROI 영역에서 ROI 면적의 3/5이상인 영역을 가진 안구 객체를 백내장 영역으로 추출한다. 제안된 방법의 효율성을 분석하기 위해서 애견 안구 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 FCM을 적용하여 ROI 영역을 양자화 하는 처리 시간보다 제안된 클러스터 수 설정 기반 FCM을 적용한 양자화 방법이 처리 시간이 적게 소요되고 객체들을 정확히 분류하는 것을 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.292-294
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cause of lens luxation and to determine the frequency of vision loss, glaucoma, cataract, and corneal edema before and after intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE). The medical records of 8 dogs underwent ICLE for the correction of anterior lens luxation at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University from August 2005 to September 2007 were reviewed. The most frequently affected breed was Miniature Poodle (n = 3). The mean age was $10.8{\pm}2.1$ years. Preoperatively, 5 eyes (67.5%) with anterior luxation had secondary glaucoma, 7 eyes (87.5%) had vision loss, and all eyes (100.0%) had corneal edema. Four weeks after ICLE, 6 eyes (75.0%) had normal intraocular pressure (IOP), and 4 eyes (50.0%) regained vision. Corneal edema was reduced after ICLE in all eyes, but still remained in 4 eyes. It was considered that ICLE was beneficial in the management of anterior lens luxation, but the eyes without glaucoma before ICLE had more favorable prognosis than eyes with.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

Analysis of practice variations has been one of important issues in trying to contain costs as well as to manage quality in health care. This study was conducted to provide statistical model for analysing variations in inpatient costs by type of hospitals. Four K-DRGs including Cesarean section, appendectomy, cataract extraction, and pediatric pneumonia with CC class 0 were selected, and means and dispersions of inpatient procedure and operation costs were simultaneously compared between type of hospitals. The results indicated that joint modelling of means and dispersions by gamma distribution was a very useful analytic tool for identifying factors which might have relationship with variations in inpatient costs. This model can be expanded to test the significance of several independent variables in analysing cost variations. In surgical conditions, means and unit variations of procedure and operation costs showed consistent pattern which was tertiarty hospital, general hospital, and hospital in descending order. Different findings were identified in pediatric pneumonia, from which mean and unit variation of procedure and operation cost was the highest in general hospital. The practical implication of this difference could not be drawn from this study. It will be done by further sophisticated researches. In order to develop health policy for cost containment and quality management in Korea, it is essential to find out manageable factors affecting variations in practice patterns which include characteristics of population, providers, regions, and so on. The statistical model presented in this study will give health services researchers useful insights for future investigations in analysing cost variations.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-52
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• 1993

Variation in the utilization of medical services is a very important issue in cost containment and quality assurance of health care. Practice variation directly affects health care expenditure especially in fee-for-service system, which is the payment system of health insurance in Korea. In addition to cost issue it is generally accepted that variations in medical practice and the cost of inpatient care suggest the possibility of inappropriate quality of care. This study is to closely examine the patterne and degrees of variation in cost structure of inpatient care among types of hospital and individual hospitals in some tracer diseases, and also to inquire into the service items which contribute much to the variation of total medical care cost. Foru common diseases, i.e. Cesarean Section, appendectomy, cataract extraction and pediatric pneumonia, were selected as tracer diseases. In most tracer diseases there were statistically significant differences in total medical care cost among hospitals in same type of hospital as well as among types of hospital(p<0.01). When total medical care cost were subdivided into the types of service, cost of medication and diagnostic examination varied the most prominenly. When the cost of medication were subdivided again, cost of parenteral antibiotics showed the most prominent variation. Of total medical care cost, medication was most contributory to the variation of total medical care cost(58.1~82.3%), and cost of antibiotics was most contributory to the variation of medication cost(63.9~92.2%). The results of study implicated that reducing the variation of medication may plays a significant role in containing the cost of inpatient care. In order to sort out the factors affecting practice variations including drug prescription pattes further researches are required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.400-411
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• 1993

The aim of this study is to analyze the variations among hospitals and hospital groups in resource use and procedures of diagnostic and therapeutic process, such as laboratory tests, radiologic examinations, tissue diagnosis, timing of surgery after admission, the time required for operation. The study was performed for five procedures including cesarean section (C/S), appendectomy, cholecystectomy, cataract extraction, and pediatric pneumonia. The 2,316 subjects were selected from medical insurance claims list, and from this list 413 cases were sampled for medical record review. The patterns of resource utilization and process of treatment were described according to hospitals and characteristics of hospital groups. The major results were as follows : 1. The numbers of laboratory and radiologic tests showed significant difference among hospitals and hospital groups. In case of hospital groups, we could find tendencies of more tests with increasing hospital bed size. 2. In general, the proportion of operative cases evaluated by tissue diagnosis postoperatively among all operations ranged from 28.3% to 100%. The proportion varied among hospital groups, of which general hospital A group(more than 15 specialty) showed the highest proportion. 3. Post-admission delay until operation and the time required for operative procedure were not invariable among hospitals and hospital groups. The duration of operation in tertiary hospitals was slightly shorter than general hospitals, with varying statistical significance. We could find that probably there were differences of quality among hospitals in some components of procedures, which suggested that the implementation of quality assurance activities would be mandatory. In this study, we simply described the patterns of resource utilization and some features of clinical process, with institution of the need for advanced studies with in-depth analyses for each component of diagnosis and treatment procedures.