• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2020

최근 기후변화로 인해 태풍과 호우 피해가 증가하고 있으나 물리적인 침수대책과 재난대응 안전관리가 여전히 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 안전 확보를 위한 대응체계를 마련하고, 침수 발생 시 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 실용적인 방안을 확보함으로써 경제적인 손실과 인명피해를 최소화하는 방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 '노량진 배수지 수몰 사고', '초량제1지하차도 침수사고'에 대한 동수역학 모의를 수행하고 침수양상을 해석하였으며, 침수위험도 정량화 지수를 이용하여 공간적 위험도를 산정하였다. 또한 특성요인도를 통해 침수사고에 대한 물리적, 관리적 원인을 체계적으로 제시하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

해양사고가 빈번하고 교통밀도가 높은 서남해 연안해역에 통항선박의 안전과 항만 입출항 선박의 지원을 위해 해상교통안전관리체 제가 2006년 7월부터 시행되고 있다. 본 해역에서 RADAR와 AIS의 정보를 이용하여 해상교통환경평가를 위해 통항량을 조사하고, 최근 5년간 해양사고의 분포 경향을 조사하였다. 또한 동 해역에서 자연환경의 영향, 어장현황 및 설문조사 분석을 통해 연안해역 항행위해요소를 알아보았다. 최근 5년간 대상해역에서 상선의 해양사고는 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나. 어선의 경우는 반대로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 6월에서 8월 사이의 짚은 안개와 어로행위 및 VHF 청취의무를 이행하지 않는 선박으로 인해 항행위해요소로 나타났다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Enhanced machine reliability has dramatically reduced the rate and number of railway accidents but for further reduction human error should be considered together that accounts for about 20% of the accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to suggest a new taxonomy of performance shaping factors (PSFs) that could be utilized to identify the causes of a human error associated with railway accidents. Four categories of human factor, task factor, environment factor, and organization factor and 14 sub-categories of physical state, psychological state, knowledge/experience/ability, information/communication, regulation/procedure, specific character of task, infrastructure, device/MMI, working environment, external environment, education, direction/management, system/atmosphere, and welfare/opportunity along with 131 specific factors was suggested by carefully reviewing 8 representative published taxonomy of Casualty Analysis Methodology for Maritime Operations (CASMET), Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM), Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), Integrated Safety Investigation Methodology (ISIM), Korea-Human Performance Enhancement System (K-HPES), Rail safety and Standards Board (RSSB), $TapRoot^{(R)}$, and Technique for Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr). Then these were applied to the case of the railway accident occurred between Komo and Kyungsan stations in 2003 for verification. Both cause decision chart and why-because tree were developed and modified to aid the analyst to find causal factors from the suggested taxonomy. The taxonomy was well suited so that eight causes were found to explain the driver's error in the accident. The taxonomy of PSFs suggested in this study could cover from latent factors to direct causes of human errors related with railway accidents with systematic categorization.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2016

The main reason of marine casualties is the human error in respect of ship's operation. The human error of officers in charge of a navigational watch is related to their abilities to handle of navigational equipment. Navigational devices play a key role to help officers decide what to do for safe navigation. Thus, the abilities to handle of navigational equipment mean not only operation of devices but also entire understanding of the system such as interpretation of information obtained from devices, appropriate use of information considering navigational circumstance. Qualification of seafarers is in accordance with STCW and detailed training courses for their qualification are provided by IMO model course series. Recently, ships engaged on international voyages shall be fitted with an ECDIS not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2018. As increasing use of ECDIS on ships, marine casualties related to ECDIS are on the rise. The primary causes of the accidents are lacking understanding of ECDIS system, wrong presentation of information on display, wrong safety setting by seafarers who use ECDIS, using small-scale chart and missing charts update. As a result of these primary causes, some problems like wrong route planning and use of limited or omitted information occur. It could be happening by inappropriate seafarers' training which is not sufficient to support improving abilities of officers to handle navigational equipment. For efficient training, it is need to develop training courses. Applying full mission simulation system to seafarers' training courses with case studies and best practices which are well-constructed scenarios based on true marine casualties can increase the effect of training. To use the simulation system, it is possible that seafarers are trained under condition that closely resemble real situation. It should be considered that IMO model course be revised depending on the level of seafarers also. It could be helpful for increasing seafarers' abilities of equipment operation in place of accumulation of experience spending much time. In the short term, effort of training courses improvement for seafarers is needed and long term, it should be tried to provide stable system and services relate to ECDIS.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

In recent years, there is growing concern about the potential use of biological agents in war or acts of terrorism accompanied an increased realization that rapid preparedness and response are needed to prevent or treat the human damage that can be caused by these agents. The threat is indeed serious, and the potential for devastating numbers of casualties is high. The use of agents as weapons, even on a small scale, has the potential for huge social and economic disruption and massive diversion of regional and national resources to combat the threat, to treat primary disease, and to clean up environmental contamination. Biological weapons are one of weapons of mass destruction (or mass casualty weapons, to be precise. since they do not damage non-living entities) that are based on bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi or toxins produced by these organisms. Biological weapons are known to be easy and cheap to produce and can be used to selectively target humans, animals, or plants. Theses agents can cause large numbers of casualties with minimal logistical requirements (in wide area). The spread of disease cannot be controlled until there is awareness of the signs of infection followed by identification of agents; and if the organism is easily spread from person to person, as in the case of smallpox, the number of casualties could run into the tens of thousands. Biological weapons could be used covertly, there can be a lot of different deployment scenarios. A lot of different agents could be used in biological weapons. And, there are a lot of different techniques to manufacture biological weapons. Terrorist acts that make use of Biological Agents differ in a number of ways from those involving chemicals. The distinction between terrorist and military use of Biological Weapon is increasingly problematic. The stealthy qualities of biological weapons further complicate the distinction between terrorism and war. In reality, all biological attacks are likely to require an integrated response involving both military and civilian communities. The basic considerations when public health agencies establish national defence plan against bioterrorism must be 1) arraying various laws and regulations to meet the realistic needs, 2)education for public health personnels and support of concerned academic society, 3)information collection and cooperative project with other countries, 4)Detection and surveillance(Early detection is essential for ensuring a prompt response to biological or chemical attack, including the provision of prophylactic medicines, chemical antidotes, or vaccines) and 5) Response(A comprehensive public health response to a biological or chemical terrorist event involves epidemiologic investigation, medical treatment and prophylaxis for affacted persons, and the initiation of disease prevention or environmental decontamination measures). The purpose of this paper is providing basic material of preparedness and response for biological terrorism in modern society.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2017

조선소의 안벽공정은 복잡한 구조물의 내부에 많은 인원이 투입되어 다양한 작업이 동시 다발적으로 이루어 지고 있다. 이에 따라 폭발, 화재 등 중대재해 발생의 가능성이 높으나, 사고 발생 시 내부 인원에게는 사고 발생의 여부와 대피에 대한 정보가 효과적으로 전달되기 어려운 실정이다. 최근 조선소 안전사고의 증가에 따라 안전과 공정 모니터링에 대한 요구사항이 강화되고 있다. 이에 주요 조선소에서는 IT 기술을 접목하여 공정을 실시간으로 모니터링하고 작업자의 안전을 위해 작업 환경을 감지하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 밀집된 구역에 다수의 인원이 존재하는 상황에서 비상상황이 발생하는 경우 대형 인명사고를 줄이기 위하여 모바일을 기반으로 화재 발생 등 위험 구역 정보와 사용자가 입력한 위치를 기반으로 안전하고 정확한 대피경로를 생성하여 제공하는 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 지상의 건물에 대하여 진행되고 있는 화재 대피 시스템의 동향을 분석하고 탈출 경로 계산을 위한 다양한 알고리즘을 비교하여 본 연구에 적합한 알고리즘을 선정하고 프로그래밍을 수행하였으며 비콘을 이용한 위치 파악 기술의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위한 기초 실험을 수행하였다. 제안된 방법은 초대형 선박 건조 현장, 여객선 및 대형 공공시설 등에 활용되어 안전사고 시 인명사고를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

한국도로공사는 졸음쉼터의 확대설치로 2016년 고속도로 교통사고 사망자가 2015년 343명보다 24% 줄어든 262명으로 집계됐다고 밝혔다. 그리고 "졸음운전은 곧 사망" 등과 같은 강력한 메시지를 담은 대형 현수막을 설치하여 2016년 졸음운전 사망자가 2015년 대비 35% 감소한 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고속도로에서의 졸음운전을 방지하고자 공익광고가 운전자에게 미치는 영향을 분석하고 앞으로 공익광고가 나아가야 할 개선 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 사례 조사와 문헌을 통해 국내외 고속도로 공익광고물 효과를 고찰한다. 직선도로가 곡선도로보다 사고 발생률이 높다는 사실과 자극적인 이미지나 표어와 같은 교통사고의 부정적 메시지 프레이밍이 교통사고를 줄이는데 큰 효과가 있었다는 것을 확인했다. 결론적으로 졸음쉼터에 공익광고판 설치를 제도화하고 고속도로 전광판(vms), 옥외광고판 그리고 내비게이션(스마트폰 포함) 안내가 일정구간별로 자동차 안팎에서 체계적으로 이루어질 때 공익광고의 효과를 극대화 시킬 수 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.905-919
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• 2005

This study raised the necessity of developing performance indicators for measuring the management efficiency and effectiveness of school food service, and as a means of helping its implementation, a balanced score card (BSC) approach developed by Norton and Kaplan was adopted. This study established BSC in seven phases through literature: Phase 1 Defining a school food service and the scope of working activities, Phase 2 Establishing the vision of a school food service, Phase 3 Setting strategic goals, Phase 4 Identifying critical success factors (CSFs), Phase 5 Developing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), Phase 6 Extracting cause and effect relationship, and Phase 7 Completing a preliminary BSC. The preliminary BSC was fumed into a survey, which was administered to food service related people working at the Office of Education and School Food Service including 16 offices,209 dietitians, 48 school administrators both from self-operated and contract-managed, and 9 experts in areas related to school food service. They were asked questions about strategies from 4 different perspectives,12 CSFs, 39 KPls, and the cause and effect relationships among them. As a result, among the CSFs based on 4 different perspectives, all factors other than ' zero sum on profit/loss ' from the financial perspective turned out to be valid. In terms of KPIs, manufacturing cost percentages, casualty loss count/reduction rates, school foodervice participation rates, and sales goal achievement rates were found to be valid from the financial perspective, while student satisfaction index, faculty satisfaction index, leftover ratio, nutrition educational performance count, index of evaluating nutrition education, customer claim count/reduction rate, handling customer claim count/reduction rate, and parent satisfaction index were found to be valid from the customers' perspective. Besides, nutritional requirement sufficient ratio, nutritional management score, food poisoning outbreak count, employee safety accident count, sanitary inspection assessment index, meals per labor hour (productivity index), computerization ratio, operational management index, and purchase management assessment index were also found to be valid from the perspective of internal business processes. From the perspective of innovation and learning, employee turnover ratio/rate of absenteeism, annual education and training count, employee satisfaction index, human resource management assessment index, annual menu-related customer feedback, food service information index for employees and parents/schools were also found to be valid. The significance of this study is to present indices for measuring overall performance of school lunch food service operations without putting any limitation on types of school food service management, and to help correctly assess the contribution of the current types of school food service management to schools and students. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $905\∼919$, 2005)

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2016

우리나라는 국토의 3면이 바다로 둘러싸여 있고 대륙과 해양성 기후의 교차점에 위치하는 지리적 여건으로 인하여 기상이변과 지구온난화현상 등으로 태풍, 홍수, 쓰나미(해일) 등 대규모 자연재난과 급속한 도시화 및 산업화의 부작용으로 인한 대형 인적 재난들의 피해가 해마다 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미래 재난현장의 안전 및 환자관리에 중추적인 역할을 하게 될 응급구조학과 학생들의 재난대처점수를 측정하여 점수에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 그 결과 재난대비법에 대하여 들은 경험이 없는 사람에 비하여 경험이 있는 사람의 재난대처점수가 유의하게 증가하였고, 학교 내에서 시행 되는 응급구조 교육에 '만족하지 않는다'고 답한 대상자에 비하여 '만족한다'고 답한 대상자의 재난대처 점수가 유의하게 증가하였다. 학과 수업 외 응급구조 교육을 받은 경험이 있냐는 질문에는 '없다'고 답한 대상자에 비하여 '있다'고 답한 대상자의 재난대처 점수가 유의하게 증가하였다. 추후 응급구조(학)과 학생들의 대처능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 구체적인 방안의 모색이 필요하다.