• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.736-742
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• 2014

If an accident occurs at work places that handle 'the accident preparedness substances', it causes more property damage and casualties than accidents of normal chemical substances. Even though various systems and regulations have been operated in order to prevent accidents, techniques for reducing and removing human error, which is one of the main reasons of accidents, are still inadequate. In this paper, hazardous work digitization, potential hazard verification, and work evaluation based on domestic technical guidelines have been performed through a case study of the accident of hydrofluoric acid leakage in Gumi in September 2012, and development of a new risk mapping method has been studied to supplement existing systems.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

EIFS system has the merit of low construction cost and shortening of construction period by easy-to-construct. For such reasons as mentioned above, it has been using across the board such as residential building, school, officetel, building remodeling and so on. It, however, has a drawback of generating plenty of combustible gases from styrofoam which is main material of it. In this regard, measures to prevent losses of life from combustible gases are needed urgently as fires on residential buildings applied EIFS caused human casualties resulted from combustible gases. With respect to the above, this study will analyze the risk of fires on residential facilities, such as multi-family apartment houses, schools and other buildings, applied EIFS which is the most frequently used as material of exterior wall and suggest countermeasure of it.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.293-316
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• 2013

Today's high-rise buildings are increasing concern about the safety and evacuation of people related to the fire and threat from outside. Terrorism breaking out in high-rise buildings, a symbol of the national economy results in a number of casualties, economic loss, social fear and damage to national status. That's why high-rise building has also emerged as a target of major terrorist attacks, compared to other types of buildings. We have 54 high-rise buildings in 15 regions over the country. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Seoul Metropolitan Government have offered the guidelines to prevent terrorist attacks toward high-rise buildings. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed and taken advantage of the Risk Management Manual Series. According to this manual, pre-assessment is conducted for the prevention of terrorism and particularly in FEMA 455, risk of the surrounding areas, vulnerability, possibility from terrorist attacks are checked. After the check, experts classify the risk of terrorist attacks toward the high-rise buildings and according to the risk classification, architects, security experts and structure engineers can carry out terrorism prevention program for high-rise buildings. The U.K. NaCTSO has also offered the terrorism prevention guidelines. Therefore, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Seoul Metropolitan Government should make more concrete guidelines for high-rise buildings such as what U.S. FEMA and U.K. NaCTSO implement, including prior evaluation technique for terrorism risk.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

While the natural gas supply industry has continuously been growing, its potential hazard has also risen since the natural gas facilities essentially require installations that carry highly flammable and pressurized gas close to the populated areas, posing a serious consequence of significant property damage as well as human casualties in the event of accident. Therefore Quantitative Risk Assessment (QAR) has been recognized as a appropriate method to reduce the risk as far as possible, considering the reality of unachievable zero-risk. However, it is hard to perform effective QRA on hundreds of gas facilities because of insufficient number of expert and long-term analysis. In this paper, we suggest a conceptual QRA system framework to support more efficient risk analysis in gas supply facilities. In this system, the experts make questionnaires and internal calculation formula needed in accident frequency/consequence analysis of the facility through pre-analysis on the point of analysis, called incident point, and general users locate the point on the map and input the value required by the questionnaire to obtain the risk. Ultimately, this is suggested based on the idea that the specialization is available in QRA analysis process and the validity of the system is verified through actual system construction and application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2017

Recently, gusts, typhoon and tsunamis have been occurring more frequently around the world. In such an emergency situation, a moored vessel can be used to predict and analyze other vessel behavior, but if the mooring system is destroyed, marine casualties can occur. Therefore, it is necessary to determine quantitatively whether a vessel should be kept in the harbour or evacuate. In this study, moored ship safety in an exclusive wharf according to swell effects on motion and mooring load have been investigated using numerical simulations. The maximum tension exerted on mooring lines exceeded the Safety Working Load for intervals 12 and 15 seconds. The maximum bollard force also exceeded 35 tons (allowable force) in all evaluation cases. The surge motion criteria result for safe working conditions exceeded 3 meters more than the wave period 12 seconds with a wind speed of 25 knots. As a result, a risk rating matrix (risk category- very high risk, high risk and moderate risk) was developed with reference to major external forces such as wind force, wave height and wave periods to provide criteria for determining the control of capabilities of mooring systems to prevent accidents.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 2004

The results of the risk assessing on general buses, consisting mainly of diesel-fueled buses, show that the frequency of the instantaneous release is 1.4${\times}$10$^{-3}$ /bus/year, from which the probability of the formation of fireball as a sub event becomes 1.7${\times}$104, and show that the leakage from the CNG-fueled buses is 0.002 event/year. Also, the frequency of gradual release due to a crack is estimated at 3.7${\times}$10$^{-3}$ /buses/year, and a subsequent probability at which this could lead to a jet flame as a sub event is 1.2${\times}$10$^{-3}$ This corresponds to 0.04event/year for the CNG-fueled buses. Dividing all the fired casualties by the running distance of diesel-fueled buses, the risk is 0.091 fire fatalities per 100-million miles. And the total fire risk fur CNG buses is approximately 0.17 per 100-million miles of travel. This means that CNG buses is twice or more dangerous than diesel buses. After all CNG buses are more susceptible to the major fires. In the aspect of the reliability of this study, generic models and the failure data used in assessing the risks of CNG buses are appropriate. However, more accurate physics-based models and databases should be supplemented with this study to provide the better results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2016

As a college dormitory has the features of high dwelling density and a floating population that becomes crowded during particular times, when a disaster such as a fire occurs, it has the risk of causing much loss of life. In this study, the fire simulation program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), is used to predict the risk when a fire occurs, to analyze the problem, and to suggest an improvement plan for a new cadet dormitory at an university in Korea. The research results are as follows. When a fire occurred in the ironing room inside the cadet dormitory, a smoke detector operated after 65 seconds. Thirteen seconds later, a sprinkler started to operate. The temperature and carbon monoxide density reached the limit value at 241 and 248 seconds, respectively. Because the limit visibility value was reached within 66 seconds after the occurrence of a fire, it is predicted that preparation must be finished and evacuation should begin within 1 minute after the fire occurs, in order to have no casualties. Synthesizing this dormitory fire risk prediction result, the visibility value is considered to be the most dangerous factor for personal safety. Because of this, installing a smoke extraction system is suggested to secure visibility. After the installation of a smoke extraction system, the problem of smoke diffusion in the corridors improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2008

Landslides cause enormous economic losses and casualties. Korea has mountainous regions and heavy slopes in most parts of the land and has consistently built new roads and large-scale housing complexes according to its industrial and urban growth. As a result, the damage from landslides becomes greater every year. In summer, landslides frequently occur due to local torrential rains and storms. It is critical to predict the potential areas of landslides in advance and to take preventive measures to minimize consequences and to protect property and human life. The previous study on landslides mostly focused on identifying the causes of landslides in the areas where they occurred, and on analyzing landslide vulnerability around the areas without considering rainfall conditions. Thus there were not enough evaluations of the direct risk of landslides to human life. In this study, potentially risky areas for landslides were identified using the GIS data in order to evaluate direct risk on farmlands, roads, and artificial structures that were closely connected to human life. A map of landslide risk was made taking into account rainfall conditions, and a land use map was also drawn with satellite images and digital maps. Both maps were used to identify potentially risky areas for landslides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

In Korea for 20 years(1993-2012), total number and average annual number of oil spills were 6,608 cases and total volume and average annual volume of oils spilt were $57,328k{\ell}$ and nearly $2,866k{\ell}/year$, respectively. The annual number of oil spills and annual amount of oil spilt tended to decrease with the lapse of year in Korea. As oil transportation worldwide continues to increase, many communities are at risk of oil spill disasters and must anticipate and prepare for them. Factors that influence oil spill consequences are myriad and rage from the biophysical to the social. In this paper, we analysed the emergency response systems and recovery apparatuses for oil spill accident in marine and proposed a developed oil diffusion apparatus which can be used to initial response stage by crew, and to extend golden times. This system can be minimized casualties for rescued people in disaster.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

Due to the industrialization and urbanization, the transport of hazardous materials increases, which rises possibilities in occurring prospective accidents in terms of hazardous material transport as well. This study applied the model developed from the previous research to analyze the scale of damage areas from the accidents related to hazardous material accidents, as well as suggested a method to measure automatically the scale of accident including casualties and environmental damage based on the guideline which suggests the quantities of hazardous materials exposed from an accident and was defined in the study of standardization for hazardous material classification. A buffering analysis technique of Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied for that. To apply the model which evaluates the scale of population and exposure to environment on each link, rail network, zones, rail accident data, rail freight trips, and locations of rivers etc were complied as a database for GIS analysis. In conclusion, a method to measure damage areas by the types of hazardous materials was introduced using a Clip and a Special Join technique for overlay analysis.