• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.85-91
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• 2021

This research aims to analyze the impact of Financial Risk (FR), Information Asymmetric (IA), and Earning Power (EP) on Real Earning Management (REM) of listed trading companies in IDX Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of FR, IA, EP, on REM through Operating Cash Flow, Production expense, and Discretionary Expense. The study employs an unbalanced panel of data set from 2014 to 2018 on the activity of all trading companies (15 in total) as selected samples of 48 feasible samples from 144 existing data. The sample used a non probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. This research was classified as causative and tested by multiple linear regression model with cross-sectional analysis. The result indicated a significant impact of FR on REM through PROD and DISX but not through COF. How ever, IA, and EP showed significant impact on REM by means of COF but not go by PROD and DISX..The findings in this study contribute to the users of financial reports particularly the stakeholders in defining the determinants of real earning management practices among firms when it comes to decision making.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.277-285
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Corona pandemic on the earning quality (EQ) of Saudi national banks. It was conducted to evaluate the measurement of the earning quality based on the Penman approach. The researchers used the analytical method to conduct the study to find the effect of this Pandemic. Data was collected from the annual reports for the period 2010 to 2020 from Saudi national banks, which are twelve according to the annual report for the Saudi central bank, and eight of them were selected as a sample of the study. The banks are Alinma Bank, Al Rajhi Bank, Bank Al Bilad, The National Commercial Bank, Bank Aljazeera, Riyad Bank, Samba Financial Group (Samba), and Arab National Bank. The study findings showed that the Corona pandemic had a negative impact on the Saudi economy, and led to deflation in 2020 by 4.1% due to the oil sector. They also showed reducing oil production by the (OPEC +) agreement to achieve stability in the oil market and the non-oil sector. It was also revealed that the profits of Saudi commercial banks in 2020 decreased by 23.1% and that the Corona pandemic had Caused the earning quality to decline in all the studied banks.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2022

This study examines whether accounting conservatism can support real earnings management by reducing accrual earnings management techniques. The net impact of conservative reporting on earnings management is also analyzed. It is assumed that moderating the role of conservative financial reporting during uncertainty can mitigate earnings management practices. For our analysis, 5354 firm-year observations for the period 2007-2020 of nonfinancial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange are applied. To measure conservatism in the non-financial sector of Pakistan, Khan and Watts' (2009) model is used to provide evidence that conservatism is a way to restrict earnings management during uncertainty. "Prospector" and "Defender" Business strategy is applied for measuring firm-level uncertainty. To measure accrual earnings management Modified Jones (1995) model and Dechow and Dichev (2002) approach and Kasznik (1999) model are applied, and for real earnings management Roychowdhury model is applied which follows three approaches to measure real earnings management i.e. cash flow manipulation, Overproduction, and discretionary expenses. The estimations support our hypothesis by providing statistically significant proof that conservative financial reporting in a developing economy like Pakistan may be used to overcome the net impact of earnings management during uncertainty. Our results provide critical and practical implications for investors, researchers, and standard setters.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2022

The debt maturity structure has a significant impact on a company's financial situation. Any debt maturity structure decisions substantially impact investment decisions due to changes in capital cost and dividend decisions due to cash flow consequences. This study used the system generalized method of moment (Sys-GMM) to investigate the debt maturity structure of real estate companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) in the duration from 2008 to 20019. It found that the firm size, liquidity, and tangible assets affected the decision on debt maturity structure. The tangible asset had the most significant impact on the possibility for companies to access long-term loans. This finding revealed that the majority of the real estate companies listed on HOSE borrowed money from banks. Such decisions are most likely affected by the collateral. Another finding of the study is that financial institutions had a major impact on loan maturity structure, whereas the effects of the financial market were negligible. Besides, the real estate companies listed on HOSE seemed not to pay attention to changes in inflation, economic growth, and institutional qualities when deciding on the debt maturity structure.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.253-270
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• 2021

Purpose - The main purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the level of national liabilities that Korea's national finances can afford. Specifically, the concepts of national debt and national liability are clarified, and the appropriate level of national liabilities is measured in terms of short-term fiscal crisis, mid-to-long-term fiscal crisis, and GDP. Based on these measurements of fiscal crisis, this study would like to propose national fiscal management plans. Design/methodology/approach - In order to clearly recognize the difference between the national debt and the national liability, this study examines the data from 2013 to 2020. In addition, this study uses data from the national financial statements from 2013 to 2018 to measure the appropriate level of national liabilities in terms of fiscal crisis management. Findings - Short-term fiscal crises, measured by current ratios, will not occur. Nevertheless, in view of the cash flow compensation ratio, the short-term bankruptcy of the national finances of Korea depends on the re-borrowing of short-term borrowings and current and long-term borrowings. In addition, in order to manage the mid-to long-term financial crisis, it is necessary to pay attention to the liability growth rate rather than the liability size. Research implications or Originality - While previous studies focused on the appropriate level of national debt, this study was differentiated as a study focused on the level of national liability coverage. It is expected that the results of this study will be used to manage the national fiscal soundness.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.800-809
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• 2007

Current payment methods have many faults which are detrimental to the formation and completion of a project. This includes the use of unfair payment terms, pricing strategies and payment mechanisms between the contracting parties. This resulted in being criticised and remain in doubt, the use of current payment methods to reward good contractors and to distinguish poorly performed construction firms. In order to have an insight into this issue, a structured survey was conducted amongst UK construction practitioners. It was found that traditional pricing methods (i.e. lump sum and unit price), payment methods (i.e. interim valuation) and retention still dominate current practice. The empirical findings show that there are significant differences in the use of pricing and payment methods (when making and receiving payments) in construction. Significant differences also found in the factors affecting the choice of pricing methods when making (and receiving) construction payments. The paper concludes with analysis of the findings and future direction of research in payment systems is also provided.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1106-1113
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• 2022

Cost segregation helps reduce tax liabilities by reclassifying real property to personal property and accelerates tax depreciation of a property. A typical cost segregation study requires much time and high costs. This study proposed a BIM integrated cost segregation process that can be applied to any commercial building project. The proposed BIM-based cost segregation process was verified in a new commercial construction project. It approved that this approach can: (1) increase the cash flow for the owner and provide assistance to tax-paying enterprises; (2) enable the contractor to use it as an added value in the bidding process; (3) realize data sharing in a common platform to improve the cost segregation study efficiency and reduce costs and errors; (4) contribute to the asset management in the life cycle of buildings while filling in the blank of cost segregation process. Future studies will focus on the automation of cost segregation and asset management in building construction's life cycle.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2023

This study aims to introduce a biowaste processing system that uses spent coffee grounds and implement a real options method to evaluate the proposed process. Energy systems based on eco-friendly fuels lack sufficient data, and thus along with conventional approaches, they lack the techno-economic assessment required for great input qualities. On the other hand, real options analysis can estimate the different costs of options, such as continuing or abandoning a project, by considering uncertainties, which can lead to better decision-making. This study investigated the feasibility of a biowaste processing method using spent coffee grounds to produce biofuel and considered three different valuation models, which were the net present value using discounted cash flow, the Black-Scholes and binomial models. The suggested biowaste processing system consumes 200 kg/h of spent coffee grounds. The system utilizes a tilted-slide pyrolysis reactor integrated with a heat exchanger to warm the air, a combustor to generate a primary heat source, and a series of condensers to harness the biofuel. The result of the net present value is South Korean Won (KRW) -225 million, the result of the binomial model is KRW 172 million, and the result of the Black-Scholes model is KRW 1,301 million. These results reveal that a spent coffee ground-related biowaste processing system is worthy of investment from a real options valuation perspective.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 2018

Purpose - This research, based on the successful experience of Korea, especially of Korea government, which, though promulgating laws and making policies, plays an rather pivotal role in Korea cultural industry development process, in developing cultural industry, explores possibly successful path and pattern that is suitable for China cultural industry. Research design, data, and Methodology - The study conducted a survey on Korea's 2000-2011 year data. After empirically analyzing the data, we believe that cultural industry in Korea and China will maintain its growth momentum. Results - This study shows that China and Korea are both belong to the only cultural circle of Confucianism and Chinese character, therefore, to research the successful experience of Korea government in cultural industry development will do much good to better promoting the optimal development of China cultural industry. China can encourage private flow to take on enterprises. In terms of financing, diversification can be achieved, by the means of cash, land, intangible assets, technology, stock, bond, cultural lottery etc. Conclusions - Besides, to better the degree of the internationalization of the allocation of the cultural resources, China government can, under the condition that Chinese laws permit, encourage foreign capital to invest in Chinese cultural industry field.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.50-59
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• 2020

The 21st century is witnessing a rapid growth of tall buildings in urban centers globally to create more urban space for an anticipated urban population. Tall buildings, however suffer from incessant delays and sometimes total abandonment. Consequently, this study investigated and ranked the causes of delay in tall building projects, while focusing on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Initially, 36 common delay causes investigated globally were categorized into 9 groups, and then further ranked utilizing the Relative Importance Index (RII) through a questionnaire survey. Tall building professionals in the GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar) were contacted. The respondents' categories include Consultants, Contractors, and Clients' Representatives/Facility Managers. The results reveal that the top three causes include "client's cash flow problems/delays in contractor's payment", "contractor's financial difficulties", and "poor site organization and coordination between various parties". The findings from this study could help construction professionals develop guidelines and controls for delay mitigation, as well as support them in risk-based decision making in the planning of tall building projects.