• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1995

연구배경: 국가 결핵관리 체계내의 결핵환자중에서 만성 배균 환자로 판정받은 환자들의 치명률, 생존률, 균음전률 등을 관찰하기 위하여 본 조사를 실시하였다. 방법: 강원도내의 22개 보건소에 등록하여 치료를 받은 환자중에서 1987년 초부터 1992년 말까지의 6년 동안에 재치료실패로 판정받은 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자들중 조사시점(93년 10월~11월)까지 생존해 있는 경우는 3회의 객담도말 검사와 배양을 실시하여 균의 배출여부를 조사하였다. 이미 사망한 경우는 보관된 자료에 근거하여 사망일시 및 원인을 조사하였다. 또한 대상자 모두 재치료 실패로 판정받은 이후의 치료력과 균음전여부도 조사하였다. 결과: 1) 성별분포를 보면 약 4.2:1의 비율로 남자에서 높았으며, 1990년도 우리나라 실태조사에서 밝혀진 성별 비율과 비교해보면 약 1.6배로 난치성환자로 될 위험성이 남자에서 높음을 보여주었다. 2) 보건소 내소 당시의 흉부 엑스선 사진을 보면, 이미 대상자의 94.6% 정도가 중등증이상으로 병변이 진행된 상태임을 보여주었다. 3) 누적결핵치명률은 1년에 19.74%, 2년 26.81%, 3년 31.16%, 4년 34.55%로 증가하다가 그후부터는 거의 증가하지않는 모습을 보여주었다. 4) 생존률을 보면, 1년에 만성 배균자의 80.26%가 생존하고, 그후 4년까지 생존률이 65.45%로 감소하지만 그후는 거의 변함이 없음을 보여 주었다. 결론: 만성 배균 난치성 폐결핵 환자로 진행되는 위험성이 남자에서 높았고, 내소당시 중등증이상으로 폐가 손상되었던 환자가 대부분이었다. 5년동안에 1/3 정도가 사망하였으며, 약 2/3는 균양성인채로 생존하고 있었다. 이것은 치료받지 않은 결핵환자들의 자연적인 운명과 비교할 때, 결핵치명률은 낮고 생존률은 높았다. 치료처방이 개선되면서 난치성 환자의 수가 줄어드는 추세이지만, 향후 계속적으로 난치성 환자를 줄여나가기 위해서는 전반적인 환자관리의 질적인 향상에 관심을 기울여야할 시점이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2023

Objectives: Hanging is a common method of attempted suicide. This study investigated the epidemiological profile of attempted and completed suicides by hanging in southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1167 suicide attempts by hanging between 2011 and 2019. All data related to suicide attempts by hanging were collected from the Fars Suicide Surveillance System. The trends in suicide cases and the mean age of attempted and completed suicides were plotted. The chi-square test was used to identify suicide-related factors. Crude rates of incidence, mortality, and standardized fatality during the study period were calculated. Finally, logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of death in individuals who attempted suicide. Results: The mean age of those who attempted suicide was 33.21±16.82 years; the majority were male (80.5%). The rate of attempted and completed suicide by hanging were 3.50 and 2.79 per 100 000 people, respectively. The case-fatality rate was calculated as 79.34%. The results of our study indicated an increasing trend in suicide attempts by hanging. The likelihood of death was 2.28 times higher in individuals with a previous history of suicide attempts and 1.85 times higher in those with a psychological disorder. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest an increasing trend in attempted and completed suicide by hanging, especially among individuals with a history of suicide attempts and psychological disorders. It is necessary to take action to reduce the rate of suicide attempts and identify the underlying causes of suicide attempts by hanging.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 1998

To estimate the incidence rate of coronary heart disease in Korea, of all residents in Taegu city aged 25 or above, those who had an acute MI or a fatal coronary event between 1 July 1996 and 30 June 1997 were registered. Seven hundreds and eight patients were registered during the study period(685 were identified at hospital and 23 were autopsy cases). Age-standardized annual incidence rate of men in city area was 93 per 100,000(95% CI; 61-142) and 35% CI; 16-67) in women(100 in men and 20 in women aged 35-64). The incidence was rapidly increased after age 40 in men, however, in women after age 60. Twenty-eight-days case fatality rate was 45% in men and 47% in women. However, in the age group of 45-59 case fatality rate in women was two times higher than that in men. In conclusion, crude annual incidence rate of CHD in city area was 73 per 100,000 in men and 33 in women. The age-standardized annual incidence of CHD in men(93 per 100,000) was 2 times higher than that in women (33 per 100,000) in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Objective : The case fatality rate of nonlesional intracerebral hemorrhage (n-ICH) was high and not changed. Knowing the causes is important to their prevention; however, the reasons have not been studied. The aims of this study were to determine the cause of death, to improve the clinical outcomes. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed consecutive cases of nonlesional intracerebral hemorrhage in a prospective stroke registry from January 2010 to December 2010. Results : Among 174 patients ($61.83{\pm}13.36$, 28-90 years), 29 patients (16.7%) died during hospitalization. Most common cause of death was initial neurological damage (41.4%, 12/29). Seventeen patients who survived the initial damage may then develop various potentially fatal complications. Except for death due to the initial neurological sequelae, death associated with immobilization (such as pneumonia or thromboembolic complication) was the most common in eight cases (8/17, 47.1%). However, death due to early rebleeding was not common and occurred in only 2 cases (2/17, 11.8%). Age, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, and diabetes mellitus were statistically significant factors influencing mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion : Mortality of n-ICH is still high. Initial neurological damage is the most important factor; however, non-neurological medical complications are a large part of case fatality. Most cases of death of patients who survived from the first bleeding were due to complications of immobilization. These findings have implications for clinical practice and planning of clinical trials. In addition, future conduct of a randomized study will be necessary in order to evaluate the benefits of early mobilization for prevention of immobilization related complications.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1984

The epidemiological information on 156 cases of acute drug intoxication treated at emergency room of Sin An Dai-Woo Hospital in Bi-Gum island during the year of 1981-1982 were reviewed and analyzed. And the findings obtained was as follows : 1) Annual incidence rate of acute drug intoxication was 3.3 per 1,000 in habitants (male 3.5, female 3.1). 2) In both sexes the highest incidence was obsesved in the age group of 20~49 years with 7.6 in male and 6.2 in female per 1,000 inhabitants. 3) In both sexes the highest ease distribution was observed during summer season of July and August (male 33.2%, female 26.4%). 4) Eating pesticides was the most frequently used for suicide purpose in both sexes (male 89. 3%, female 82.2%). 5) In terms of foundation for conclusion to eating poison, "by guardion's explanation" was the highest rate in both groups of eating pesticides (97.8%) and eating rodentcides(77.8%). 6) The case fatality rate due to eating poison was 4.5% (male 5.9%, female 2.8%). 7) In haspitalization days, the most cases was observed at less than 3 days (male 73.8%, female 79.2%).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4979-4981
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• 2012

Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in India with high fatality rate. Over a 1 year study period 105 consecutive biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed breast cancer patients were interviewed by direct questionnaire method regarding risk factors attending Surgery and Radiotherapy OPD of Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal while taking other 105 patients attending Surgery Department for some other disease as controls. The data were compiled in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed by Epi info 3.5.1 software. Among the cases, rural residence, illiteracy and low socio-economic status was significantly higher than controls. Late onset of menarche, late onset of menopause, ever OCP usage, breast feeding for 1-2 years and age of 1st childbirth between 20-30 years were found to be significant protective factors. People should be made aware regarding the modifiable risk factors to prevent breast cancer.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1983

농약사용량(農藥便用量)의 증가(增加)에 따라 농약중독자(農藥中毒者)가 전 세계적으로 증가(增加)하는 추세인데 우리나라에서는 아직까지 농약중독자(農藥中毒者)에 대한 역학조사(疫學調査) 보고(報告)가 없는 실정이다. 1981년(年)부터 1982년(年)까지 2년간(年間) 경상북도(慶尙北道) 전지역(全地域)을 대상으로 의원(醫院), 병원(病院) 및 보건소(保健所)의 의무기록(醫務記錄)을 조사(調査)하여 농약중독자(農藥中毒者)를 파악하여 그 실태를 분석(分析)하였다. 1981년(年)에 765명, 1982년에 853명의 중독자(中毒者)가 발생(發生)하였다. 연령별(年令別)로는 20대(代)가 제일 많았고 성별(性別)로는 남자가 70% 여자가 30%였다. 중독경위별로는 직업적인 중독이 27.8%, 우연에 의한 사고(事故)가 5.6%였고 자살목적(自殺目的)이 66.6% 였다. 월별(月別)로는 6, 7, 8, 9월(月)에 발생(發生)이 많고 7월(月)이 제일 많고, 월평균(月平均) 67명이 발생(發生)하였다. 의료기관이용(醫療機關利用)은 개인의원이 49%, 병원이 43%였다. 치명율(致命率)은 직업적인 중독이 0.9%, 사고(事故)에 의한 중독(中毒)이 5.6% 자살목적(自殺目的)의 중독(中毒)에서 20.3%로 평균(平均) 14.1%였다. 인구 100,000 당 농약중독(農藥中毒) 발생(發生)은 년간(年間) 25.4였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

For monitoring the status of industrial accidents, many statistical indexes have been developed and applied such as fatal rate, frequency rate, and severity rate. These accident indexes are measured by frequency and loss time according to the accidents in the individual industry level. However, it is less considered to use the index of identifying the industrial concentration of accidents in the holistic view. Thus, this study aims to suggest the accident concentration level among domestic industries through index analysis. The concentration level of industrial accidents is calculated by the accident composition of sub-industries. This concentration level shows whether an industry is comprised of a few sub-industries generating more accidents or an industry consists of sub-industries having the similar number of accidents. To this end, the concentration rate (CR) and concentration index (CI) are proposed to take a look at the industry composition of accidents by embracing the concept of market concentration indexes such as Hirschman-Herfindahl Index. As for the case study, four industries of mining, manufacturing, transportation, and other business (usually service) are analyzed in terms of indexes of accident rate, death(fatality) rate, and CR and CI of accident and death. Finally, we illustrate the positioning map that the accident concentration level is compared with the traditional accident frequency level among industries.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2013

Automobile was first introduced in 1903 in South Korea, the masses of the car was carried out rapidly compared to other countries. However, many people were killed in a traffic accidents and economic loss was occurred due to the spread of the automobile. In South Korea, 2012, traffic accident occurred 223,656 times, 5,392 fatality, 344,565 injured people. In the last five years, about 224,000 accidents per year were occurring. In other words, 610 traffic accidents occur and about 15 people pass away in one day. In addition, the proportion of traffic accidents is first place in the OECD countries and it is very high in the world. Understand occurrence tendency of traffic accident, accident frequency rate of the driver who drives more than 10 years was higher than the novice driver. In addition, as a result of examining the cause of the traffic accident, breach of safe driving obligation appears highest case (125,391 times), and followed by signal violation, break safety distance. Therefore, the majority of traffic accidents occurred by the lack of safety awareness of the driver. In this study, prevent the loss of human life and property in traffic disaster, by establish disaster prevention measures that investigated by questionnaire survey and statistical data of the state of consciousness and driving posture in response to the driving history of the driver.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.862-868
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• 2009

Since its identification in April 2009, a swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus (S-OIV) which is a reassortment of gene segments from both North American triple-reassortant and Eurasian swine influenza has been widely spread among humans in unexpected rapidity. To date, each gene segment of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) outbreak viruses have shown high (99.9%) neucleotide sequence identity. As of July 6, 94,512 people have been infected in 122 countries, of whom 429 have died with an overall case-fatality rate of <0.5%. Most confirmed cases of S-OIV infection have been characterized by self-limited, uncomplicated febrile respiratory illness and 38% of cases have also included vomiting or diarrhea. Standard plus droplet precautions should be adhered to at all times. Tests on S-OIV have indicated that current new H1N1 viruses are sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir). However, current less virulent S-OIV may evolve into a pathogenic strain or acquire antiviral resistance, potentially with more severe clinical consequences. Efforts to control these outbreaks would be based on our understanding of novel S-OIV and previous influenza pandemics.