• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.1401-1406
• /
• 2018

Objective: The uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily and has crucial effects on growth and feed efficiency in many species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the association of polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene with feed efficiency in meat-type chickens. Methods: Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the UCP3 gene were chosen to be genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in meat-type chicken populations with 724 birds in total. Body weight at 49 (BW49) and 70 days of age (BW70) and feed intake (FI) in the interval were collected, then body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated individually. Results: One SNP with a low minor allele frequency (<1%) was removed by quality control and data filtering. The results showed that rs13997809 of UCP3 was significantly associated with BWG and FCR (p<0.05), and that rs13997811 had significant effects on BW70 and BWG (p<0.05). Rs13997812 of UCP3 was strongly associated with BW70, FI, and FCR (p<0.05). Furthermore, individuals with AA genotype of rs13997809 had significantly higher BWG and lower FCR (p<0.05) than those with AT genotype. The GG individuals showed strongly higher BW70 and BWG than AA birds in rs13997811 (p<0.05). Birds with the TT genotype of rs13997812 had significantly greater BW70 and lower FCR compared with the CT birds (p<0.05). In addition, the TAC haplotype based on rs13997809, rs13997811, and rs13997812 showed significant effects on BW70, FI, and FCR (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results therefore demonstrate important roles for UCP3 polymorphisms in growth and feed efficiency that might be used in meat-type chicken breeding programs.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2002

The 25 Watt hybrid MIC SSPA has been developed in the frequency rang from 1.6265 GHz to 1.6465 GHz for uplink of INMARST's earth station. To simplify the fabrication process, the whole system is designed of two parts composed of a friving amplifier and a power amplifier. The Motorolas MRF-6401 is used for driving part, the Motorolas MRF-16006 and MRF-16030 is used the power amplifier. We reduced weight and volume of high power amplifier through arranging the bias circuits in the same housing. The realized SSPA has more than 30 dB for gain within 20 MHz bandwidth, and the voltage standing wave ratios(VSWR) of input and output port are less than 1.7, respectively. The output power of 44 dBm is achieved at the 1 dB gain compression point of 106365 GHz These results reveal a high power amplifier of 25 Watt which is the design target. The Proposed SSPA manufacture techniques in this paper can be applied to the implementation of high power amplifiers for some radars and SCPC.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2010

In DCA (Dynamic Channel Allocation) scheme of uplink cellular system appling a frequency reuse factor of one, when a new call requests a channel, the new call will be blocked if its SINR (Carrier to Noise and Interference Ratio) is less than the required SINR or there is no available channel. The additional channel allocation for the blocked new call can be performed with channel borrowing in the adjacent cells. The channel borrowing causes the CCI (Co-Channel Interference), thus the SINR of the existing calls is deteriorated and the channel reallocation for the existing calls is required. As a result, the channel borrowing leads to a complex calculation so that it is a NP-hard problem. Therefore, to overcome the problem, we propose a novel Group Search-based DCA scheme which decreases the number of the blocked new calls and then reduces the number of the channel reallocation by the channel borrowing for the blocked new calls. The proposed scheme searches the all channels in a group of the adjacent cells and home cell at the same time in order to minimizes the number of the blocked new calls. The simulation results show that proposed Group Search-based DCA scheme provides better new call blocking probability and system throughput than the existing Single Search-based DCA scheme which searches only the channels in home cell.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.7A
• /
• pp.748-755
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the hybrid SC/MRC technique was applied to the MC/DS-CDMA system in the Nakagami-m multi-path fading environment. The applied scheme was compared with other cases when the MRC technique was applied and then performances were analyzed. The result of analysis showed that the performance of the applied system, whose number of branches (L) for the input diversity of each carrier wave was 3 and かme selected number of branches ( Lc) was 2, was better than that of the MRC technique when the Lc of the MRC technique was 2. The performance of the applied system was lower than that of the MRC technique, then the Lc of the MRC technique was 3. However, as the fading index was lowered, which means the telecommunication environment deteriorated, the performance of the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) diversity technique when Lc of MRC technique was 3, was almost the same as that of the MRC technique. The hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) diversity technique shows a similar performance to that of the MRC technique, when the Lc of the MRC technique was 4. Therefore, it was confirmed that the MC/DS-CDMA system could reduce complexity and achieve similar performance to that of the MRC by applying the hybrid SC/MRC technique, which utilized the advantages of the SC technique and high performance of the MRC scheme, rather than the MRC diversity technique that requires bit synchronization, frequency of fading, and phase synchronization for every diversity branch.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.10A
• /
• pp.1003-1013
• /
• 2006

There is a serious problem in an 802.11g VoWLAN (Voice over Wireless LAN) terminal that talk time is less than 30% compared with an 802.11b terminal. It is almost impossible to achieve talk time level of the 802.11b MAC transmission method because IEEE 802.11g uses OFDM modulation, which is a kind of multi-carrier method and OFDM transmission speed is 54 Mbps faster than normal modulation. In this paper, a new concept of a Holdover time as a power saving method during a call with 802.11g terminal is suggested for the first time. Increase in the number of engaged terminals as a result of holdover time causes to QoS problem because of the increase in the number of back-off and then contention window. In this paper, to solve the QoS problem, a new approach is suggested such that when in down lint the sequence number of 802.11 G.711 is analyzed in the MAC of the terminal and then the Hold over time depending on loss rate is changed. Also, consumption of an electric current of 802.11b/g and MAC parameter's performance due to busy traffic caused by increase in the number of terminal are analyzed and then real data using VQT and Airopeek are analyzed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2005

The effects of As addition in amorphous selenium (a-Se) films for digital X-ray conversion material have been studied using the moving photocarrier grating (MPG) technique. This method utilizes the moving interference pattern generated by the superposition of the two frequency shifted laser beams for the illumination of the sample. This moving intensity grating induces a short circuit current, jsc in a-Se:As film. The transport parameters of the sample are extracted from the grating-velocity dependent short circuit current induced in the sample along the modulation direction. The electron and hole mobility, and recombination lifetime of a-Se films with arsenic (As) additions have been obtained. We have found an increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when 0.3% As is added into a-Se film, whereas electron mobility decreases with As addition due to the defect density. The transport properties for As doped a-Se films obtained by using MPG technique have been compared with X-ray sensitivity for a-Se:As device. The fabricated a-Se(0.3% As) device film exhibited the highest X-ray sensitivity out of 5 samples.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.420-426
• /
• 2017

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) can be colonized in various body sites and is more frequently isolated in healthcare associated persons. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination rate of MRS in a high school environment, those living with closed life style. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from only the hands of 2 students among a sample of 28 students, and S. aureus were susceptible to methicillin antibiotics. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated from the hands of 26 students (26/28, 92.9%), and among them, 14 (53.8%) isolates were methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS). Among the 14 MRCoNS, S. warneri was the most common (8/14, 57%) and susceptible to most $non-{\beta}-lactam$ antibiotics, such as clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and vancomycin. In a culture of 31 desks, S. aureus was not isolated but CoNS were isolated from 26 desks (26/31, 83.6%), which did not harbor the mecA gene. The other bacteria isolated from the hands and desks were Micrococcus and Bacillus spp. In conclusion, methicillin-resistant S. aureus was not isolated from the hands and desks of high school students. However, the frequency of MRCoNS harboring mecA gene were high in the hands of high school students. Therefore, to prevent and to control the transfer of infection, intensifying preventive education, such as hand washing, and active surveillance systems, such as an investigation of contamination or carrier rate of resistant bacteria are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 1999

A disease of young Holstein calves characterized by recurrent pneumonia, ulcerative and granulomatous stomatitis, enteritis with bacterial overgrowth, periodontitis, delayed wound healing, persistent neutrophilia and death at an early age had been originally described in 1983 and again in 1987. Most of these calves had stunted growth and a persistent, progressive neutrophilia (often exceeding 100,000/ml). By investigation of pedigrees, all of the affected calves have now been traced to a common sire and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic DNA testing to be homozygous carriers of a defective allele for bovine CD18. Neutrophils from these calves have several functional deficits and, most importantly, fail to adhere in a ${\beta}_2$-integrin dependent manner. The ${\beta}_2$-integrins represent a family of glycoproteins which participate in various leukocyte adhesion reactions during host defense. The presence or absence of ${\beta}_2$-integrin molecules can be demonstrated on the surface of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes from normal or affected calves using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, or by colloidal gold immunolabeling and scanning electron microscopy in backscatter mode. Deficiency of the ${\beta}_2$-integrins on all leukocyte types in Holstein calves is analogous to leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) seen in humans. Neutrophils in bovine (BLAD) and human LAD patients are unable to adhere to the endothelial lining of the cardiovascular system thus interrupting egression of neutrophils into infected tissues. Other leukocytes, while still deficient in expression of the ${\beta}_2$-integrins, are still able to efficiently egress from the blood stream due to interactions of other adhesion molecules that are not as highly expressed on neutrophils. Both BLAD cattle and LAD children (who do not receive bone marrow transplants) often die at an early age as a result of the failure of neutrophils to extravasate into infected tissues. In 1991, Shuster, et $al^{27}$, identified two point mutations within the alleles encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency. One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in an extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein that is highly conserved (> 95% identity) between humans, cattle and mice. The other mutation is silent. Numerous calves with clinical symptoms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have since been tested and all have been found homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, calves homozygous far the D128G allele have been identified during widespread DNA testing in the United States. All cattle with the mutant allele are related to one bull, who through artificial insemination (A.I.), sired many calves in the 1950's and 1960's. The carrier frequency of the D128G CD18 allele among U.S. Holstein cattle had reached approximately 15% among active A.I. bulls and 8% among cows. By 1993, the organization of the dairy industry and the diagnostic test developed to genotype cattle, enabled virtually complete eradication of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency among current and future A.I. bulls.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.46-62
• /
• 1989

This paper presents the results of full-scale structural measurements of 4,800 unit pure car carriers "HYUNDAI NO.103" and "HYUNDAI NO.105" on one voyage respectively for each ship, especially in order to investigate the local strength of partial bulkhead above free-board deck. With the measured data, the short-term frequency analyses have been performed. The results show that the wave-induced stresses follow, on the whole, well the Rayleigh distribution. In addition, it has been found from the measured data that transverse local stresses at bulkhead section have a very close relation with the acceleration in athwartship direction. Finally, the long-term analysis has been attempted by using the following two statistical distributions mainly in order to estimate the maximum stress amplitude at the corners of partial bulkhead. 1) Exponential distribution of cycles of stress amplitude 2) Double exponential distribution of extreme values of stress amplitude for each short-term analysis The results of these two cases show a good agreement with each other. For example, the estimated maximum stress amplitude for 10 years at port-side corner of Fr. 132 partial bulkhead is $2125kg/cm^2$ for the first case and $2170kg/cm^2$ for the second case just based on the measured data.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2008

In this paper we analyze the performance of an adaptive sector cell system, which is adopted to maintain the traffic balance between sectors and to utilize the cell resources effectively, using the data collected from real channel environments. In the data measurements, we transmitted the QPSK modulated signal with carrier frequency of 1.95GHz and received the signals using the 8x4 array antenna equipped on the top of buildings in the urban area. We analyzed the angular distribution and the delay spread of a user signal and analyzed angular distribution of mobile users in a cell using the collected data. Also, we propose the vector channel modeling using the estimated pdf(probability distribution function) of the analyzing results. Through the proposed channel modeling the improvement of the call blocking rate was analyzed when using the adaptive sector cell system, and computer simulations show that the call blocking rate of the adaptive sector cell system was much lower than that of the fixed sector cell system. Additionally, it shows that the call blocking rate increases severely in the fixed sector cell system while the difference of the call blocking rate was smaller in the adaptive sector cell system, as the user density of the spatial distribution increases.