• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1029-1033
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• 2004

From the methanol extract of the whole plants of Carpesium macrocephalum $F_R$. et $S_{AV}$., five sesquiterpene lactones (1: carabron, 2: tomentosin, 3: ivalin, 4: 4H-tomentosin, 5: carabrol) and three terpenoids (6: loliolide, 7: vomifoliol, 8: citrusin C) were isolated. The structures and stereochemistry of compounds 1-8 were established on the basis of chemical analysis as well as 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Among them, compounds 2, 4, and 6-8 were isolated for the first time from Carpesium species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2012

Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships of 7 taxa of Korean Carpesium including three outgroup (Inula britannica L., Inula germanica L., Rhanteriopsis lannginosa (DC.) Rauschert) by using ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic studies used maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods analysis. The length of the ITS sequences was 731 bp, and the lengths of the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S regions were 284~297 bp, 264~266 bp and 164 bp, respectively. The total number of variable sites was 111 for the entire sequences, and a parsimony informative sites of 64 are valid. Base change appeared variously in ITS1 rather than in ITS2. As the result, Korean Carpesium were formed monophyletic group and C. abrotanoides situated as the most basal clade. The results show that C. macrocephalum is closely related with C. triste. C. rosulatum has the closest relationship with C. glossophyllum. C. cernuum is close to C. divaricatum. These results suggest that the ITS data used in this study could be useful for the phylogenetic analysis of Korean Carpesium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.511-525
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer the flora data for conserving the biodiversity of Gyeongju National Park by objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Mt. Gumi District, Gyeongju National Park, South Korea. The flora of Mt. Gumi were surmmarized as 476 taxa including 97 families, 297 genera, 419 species, 3 subspecies, 46 varieties and 8 forms. The rare plants were 6 taxa such as Aristolochia contorta, Paeonia lactiflora var. trichocarpa, Potentilla discolor, Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Trigonotis icumae and Iris odaesanensis. The Korean endemic plants were 9 taxa such as Carpinus laxiflora, Pseudostellaria coreana, Philadelphus schrenkii, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza maritima, Vicia chosenensis, Galium koreanum, Lonicera subsessilis and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 38 taxa such as Salix chaenomeloides(I), Hylomecon vernalis (I), Oxalis obtriangulata (I), Viola orientalis(II), Adoxa moschatellina (II), Cirsium chanroenicum (II), Vitex negundo var. incisa (III) and so forth. The naturalized plants were 36 taxa such as Fallopia dumetorum, Chenopodium album, Lepidium virginicum, Amorpha fruticosa, Euphorbia supina, Carduus crispus, Erigeron strigosus, Festuca myuros and so forth. The invasive aline plant was Aster pilosus. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 8 taxa such as Artemisia rubripes, Carpesium macrocephalum and so forth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.13-33
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for establishing the management and restoration plan by objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Seoak District, Gyeongju National Park, Korea. The flora summarized as 411 taxa including 92 families, 285 genera, 363 species, 2 subspecies, 41 varieties and 5 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 2 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia and Potentilla discolor. The Korean endemic plants were 3 taxa including Philadelphus schrenkii, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Asplenium sarelii, Pyrrosia petiolosa, Vitex negundo var. incisa and so forth. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 2 taxa including Lespedeza maritima and Carpesium macrocephalum, and the plants with approval for delivering oversea were 4 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia, Glycine soja, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 51 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Viola papilionacea, Lamium purpureum and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. NI(Naturalized Index) was 12.4% of all 411 taxa of surveyed flora in this study and UI(Urbanized Index) was 15.9% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants in Korea. Potentilla discolor in rare plant, Philadelphus schrenkii in endemic plant and Dictamnus dasycarpus in specific plant were established the conservation plan. Whereas, invasive alien plants such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola should be removed as soon as possible. The damaged sites in Seoak District were divided between wildfire area and farmland. To restore a forest fire site, we will have to apply a natural renewal and community planting. In case of farmland, we will have to do ecological planting using native species and constrcut a forest wetland.