• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1999

Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a new, non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics. Last 10 years, its use in Korea has been dramatically expanded, but the qualification of TCD laboratory has yet to be settled. Since duplex sonography is seldom used in Korea, we have to depend totally on TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes. Thus, all of the available data from every detectabler cerebral arteries has to be obtained for accurate interpretation of TCD measurements. Moreover, flow direction and wave form should be concerned in addition to the flow velocity. In this article, I present technique to measure the anterior, meddle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery siphon and at cervical level, and the vertebral and the basilar artery, and normal values for these measurements which is essential for the adequate interpretation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.709-716
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• 2007

Objective : We present reference values of flow velocities of intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries and relation with change factor. Method : We checked transcranial Doppler ultrasonography on mean velocity, systolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistance index of 252 patients. We also compared differences of change factor. Result : The result showed a difference by sex and age and relevance between vessels besides mean velocity of vessels related with past history and social history. Conclusion : According to the above results, females showed higher velocity of all vessels. With advancing age, subjects showed reduction in velocity and increase in pulsatility index and resistance index. Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral artery increased in proportion to velocity of internal carotid artery and basilar artery. Vessel velocity correlated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.551-555
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• 2001

False aneurysms(Pseudoaneurysms) and arteriovenous fistulas have only rarely been reported in the facial region. In this region the false aneurysm arises most frequently in the superficial temporal and facial artery, but other branches of the external carotid are sometimes involved, including the maxillary and lingual artery. False aneurysms can be occurred by blunt trauma that either laceration or rupture the full thickness of the arterial wall. The diagnosis of a false arterial aneurysm can be often made solely on the basis of physical examination. Angiography is helpful for conformation, for delineating the lesion and its vascular supply, and for ruling out the presence of associated vascular lesions such as arteriovenous fistulas. Ultrasonography may also be useful in delineating lesions that are not easily accessible for physical examination. Treatment of false aneurysms is excision, ligation, and arterial embolization. This is a case of false aneurysm of the lingual artery after facial trauma caused by traffic accident. The lesion was successfully treated by embolization and ligation of the lingual and facial branches of the external carotid artery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.705-713
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• 2020

Arteriosclerosis is a disease in which blood circulation is impaired due to loss of elasticity as blood vessels become narrower, and is a potential cause of recently increasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid ultrasound is used as a predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by evaluating the degree of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this paper attempted to investigate the correlation between the increase in the thickness of the inner media and various clinical variables in carotid ultrasound. Patients with carotid ultrasound findings were classified into three stages: mild intima thickening, sclerosis, and significant stenosis. CAVI (Carotid Ankle Vascular Index: vascular age) data measured in the degree and physical characteristics of the carotid artery(gender, age, body mass index, blood pressure), blood test(total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, creatine phosphokinase, fasting blood sugar), and arteriosclerosis test were collected. It was confirmed that the carotid intima thickness was correlated with variables such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and BMI, and also correlated with the risk factors of cardiovascular disease as CAVI increased.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2007

Objectives: Although risk factors for coronary artery disease are also associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), there is little information available on the asymptomatic, young adult population. We examined the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the common carotid IMT in 280 young Korean adults. Methods: The data used for this study was obtained from 280 subjects (130 men and 150 women) aged 25 years who participated in the Kangwha Study follow-up examination in 2005. We measured cardiovascular risk factors, including anthropometries, blood pressure, blood chemistry, carotid ultrasonography, and reviewed questionnaires on health behaviors. Risk factors were defined as values above the sex-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting blood glucose and smoking status. Results: The mean carotid IMT${\pm}$standard deviation observed was $0.683{\pm}0.079mm$ in men and $0.678{\pm}0.067mm$ in women (p=0.567) and the evidence of plaque was not observed in any individuals. Mean carotid IMT increased with an increasing number of risk factors(p for trend <0.001) and carotid IMT values were 0.665 mm, 0.674 mm, 0.686 mm, 0.702 mm, and 0.748 mm for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 risk factors, respectively. The odds ratio for having the top quartile carotid IMT in men with 3 or more risk factors versus 0-2 risk factors was 5.09 (95% CI, 2.05-12.64). Conclusions: Current findings indicate the need for prevention and control of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults and more focus on those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.148-159
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and Intima-media thickness(IMT) of common carotid artery with Sasang constitution. 2. Methods 197 subjects who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from Jan 1, 2006 to Dec 31, 2006 at East-west health examination center of Kyung-Hee medical center were included and underwent B-mode ultrasonography for measurement of intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries. MetS was defined by the criteria of the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. 3. Results and Conclusions Mean intima-media thickness of common carotid artery was significantly higher in subjects with MetS compared with control subjects($0.070{\pm}0.017$ vs $0.063{\pm}0.014cm$) and a significant trend towards increased IMT was observed with increasing numbers of metabolic syndrome components(r=0.331, p=0.000). After adjustment for age and sex, IMT of common carotid arteries was significantly different among three constitutional groups (Soyangin:$0.065{\pm}0.015cm$, Taeumin:$0.068{\pm}0.016cm$, Soeumin:$0.056{\pm}0.010cm$), however, after adjustment for age, sex and existence of metabolic syndrome, there was no significant different. But, factor of Taeumin was the effective determinant of the increase of mean IMT of common carotid arteries.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.205-208
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• 2000

소에서 경정맥, 경동맥 및 갑상선의 초으파상에 관한 기초자료를 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 한우 9두에서 6개월경으로부터 12개월령에 도달할 때까지 1개월 간격으로 성장에 따른 경정맥, 경동맥 및 갑상선의 초음파상을 측정하였다. 경정맥, 경도맥 및 갑상선은 경부의 양측에서 관찰하였다. 경정맥의 내경은 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 8.5, 8.7, 8.8, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.5 및 12.2mm를 나타내었다. 경동맥의 내경은, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 7.4, 7.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.4, 9.7, 10.1 및 10.3mm 이었다. 갑상선엽의 길이는 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 28.0, 32.1, 36.4, 42.2, 51.7, 53.2, 55.1 and 58.8mm이었다. 갑상선엽의 높이는 6, 7, 8, 9. 10, 11, 12 및 13개월령에서, 각각 13.6, 15.3, 16.1, 20.7, 22.9, 25.6, 28.9 and 29.4mm를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 초음파측정 결과는 한우에서의 경정맥, 경동맥 및 갑상선에서의 형태학적 변화의 진단을 위한 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2023

The superficial temporal artery (STA), the terminal branch of the external carotid artery, is divided into the frontal (anterior) and parietal (posterior) branches. The frontal branch of the STA is located superficially on the anterior region of the scalp, making it especially susceptible to trauma. Here, we report a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the STA in a 7-year-old boy who was injured in a minor car accident. A physical examination showed only a small bruise on the patient's forehead, and all vital signs were stable at the emergency room of our medical center. A facial computed tomography scan showed no significant findings. However, the boy later re-visited the hospital with slight swelling on the right forehead, and an ultrasonography scan revealed a hematoma near the right temporal artery. The resected hematoma (approximately 2 cm) was diagnosed as a traumatic pseudoaneurysm. Awareness of the possibility of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm in the STA may prevent a circumspect diagnosis in the future.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.900-907
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) for cardiovascular outcomes. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 217 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (158 men; mean age, 68 ± 10 years) with a maximal carotid plaque thickness ≥ 1.5 mm for the presence of IPN using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. We compared patients with (n = 116) and without (n = 101) IPN during the follow-up period and investigated the predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery revascularization, and transient ischemic accident/stroke. Results: During the mean follow-up period of 995 ± 610 days, the MACE rate was 6% (13/217). Patients with IPN had a higher maximal thickness than those without IPN (2.86 ± 1.01 vs. 2.61 ± 0.84 mm, p = 0.046). Common carotid artery-peak systolic velocity, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and ventricular-vascular coupling index were significantly correlated with MACE. However, on multivariate Cox regression analysis, increased LVMI was independently related to MACE (p < 0.05). The presence of IPN could not predict MACE. Conclusion: The presence of IPN was related to a higher plaque thickness but could not predict cardiovascular outcomes better than conventional clinical factors in patients with CAD.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

■ Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of The Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke and Intima-Media Thickness of common carotid artery(CCA-IMT). ■ Methods 100 subjects with acute ischemic stroke were recruited from the patients admitted to DongEui Medical Center from the June 2011 to January 2014. We assessed 100 patient's Common Carotid Intima Media Thickness data by B Mode ultrasonography. We investigated pattern identification of all subjects based on Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke-III. then, We analyzed their characteristics, risk factor, blood test result, life style. ■ Results We analyzed indicators of Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke-III by Common Carotid Intima Media Thickness difference. As a result, pale complexion, look powerless, drowsiness like to lie, heat vexation and aversion to heat were significantly higher in the CCAIMT ≧ 1.0mm group then in the CCA-IMT < 1.0mm group. ■ Conclusion According to the analysis, the Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and The Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke in Ischemic Stroke Patients were founded. To acquire more concrete conclusion on this theme, we need more research.