• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.352-358
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• 2010

Chemotherapy or radiotherapy used for the treatment of pediatric cancer may have many adverse effects on the oral cavity. Oral mucositis, reduced salivary flow, oral infection, hypodontia, microdontia, arrested root development, and enamel hypoplasia are common oral complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of cancer therapy on dental caries activities. The children who had been treated for neuroblastoma in the department of pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, were included and healthy children served as controls. The salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity, and Streptococcus mutans counts of both groups were evaluated using Dentocult$^{(R)}$ SM and Dentobuff$^{(R)}$ Strip. The dental caries activity related to the age at the start of treatment and the time elapsed since treatment completion were also evaluated. As a result, neuroblastoma patients had significantly lower salivary flow rate than the controls, while there were no significant differences between two groups as for salivary buffering capacity and Streptococcus mutans counts. The dental caries activities related to the age at the start of treatment and the time elapsed since treatment completion were not significantly different.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2023

The caries activities of some commercially available children's beverages were measured to determine the risk of dental caries and provide basic data for preventing dental caries. For the experimental beverage, the beverages with the highest market share among carbonated beverages, fruit beverages, milk, and fermented milk products sold in the domestic market were selected. As a control, 0.25% glucose trypticase soy broth was prepared and used. The pH of the beverages, titrate acid and buffering capacity, and the acid production and vitality were measured over time after inoculating the beverages with Streptococcus mutans. The pH of children's beverages was the lowest in soda (2.61±0.02), and milk had the lowest in titratable acid (14.00±0.58). Fermented milk (80.33±3.64) had the highest buffering capacity, and carbonated beverage (9.40±1.06) had the lowest (P<0.05). Carbonated beverages (3 hr and 25 min) had the highest acid production, and milk (4 hr) had the lowest. In conclusion, thorough oral hygiene management is necessary after consuming children's beverages because they have a low pH promote high acid production of S. mutans.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of incremental dental care(IDC) program on kindergarten children. Methods : The subjects were 46 kindergarten children aged 6 who wished participation in IDC program during 5 weeks at oral health center in G-college from March to May, 2012. The data of subjects were examined into oral conditions such as toothbrushing method and frequency, modified O'leary plaque index and dental caries activity before and after IDC program. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical package version 19.0. Results : 1. The rolling and fones methods of toothbrushing increased from 10.8% to 91.3% after IDC program(p<.001). The change of toothbrushing frequency showed that over 3 times a day increased from 52.2% to 76.0% after IDC program(p<.01). 2. The modified O'leary plaque index of before toothbrushing education increased from 1st visit(score 32.19) to 5th visit(score 57.14) and after toothbrushing education increased from 1st visit(score 64.45) to 5th visit(score 78.27) during IDC program(p<.001). 3. As a results of dental caries activity test before and after IDC program, it was found that the bacterial numbers in S.mutans and Latobacillus reduced from 0.74, 0.70 to 0.28, 0.41 (p<.01) and the saliva buffering capacity increased from 1.50 to 2.02(p<.001). Conclusions : It is considered very necessary that IDC program should be maintained and extended to dental clinic so as to enhance the oral health state of kindergarten children.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.557-566
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• 1996

It is known that some natural extracts from plants have a various range of antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity. There are lots of clinical trials to develop toothpastes containing natural extracts for prevention of dental caries and gingival inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity of magnolol containing toothpastes and other commercial toothpastes. Eleven kinds oftoothpastes were used. They include magnolol, sanguinarine, Myrrha, Mori radicis cortex,Cimicifugae rhizoma, sodium fluoride, aminocaprolactic acid etc. Six strains of bacteria were used for this test, ego Porphylomonas gingivalis, Prevotellain-termedia, Actinobacillus actinomy cetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Stretococcus sanguis, and Actinomyces species. Antimicrobial activity was determined by an agar dillution method and a broth microdillution method. Antiinflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of $PGE_2$ production from gingival fibroblast with the addition of rHIL-1 and centrifuged solution of toothpastes. Control group was only rHIL-1 additive sample. $PGE_2$ enzyme immunoassay systemfAmersham, In. Buckinghamshire, U.K). $PGE_2$ level was measured by ELISA reader with 450 nm, The results from the study revealed that toothpastes containing natural extracts generally had high antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity. Especially magnolol containing toothpaste showed higher antimicrobial activity than other toothpastes, and sanguinarine containing toothpaste showed particularly high antimicrobial activity in A. actinomicetemcomitans and A. viscosus. In some degree all toothpastes inhibited $PGE_2$ production, but magnolol containing toothpaste was potent inhibitor of $PGE_2$. Sodium chloride containing toothpaste had also effective result. The results suggested that toothpastes containing natural extracts were promising in plaque control and prevention of dental caries and gingivitis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

Purpose : The study objective was to assess the antibacterial activity of essential oil of basil against S. mutans and P. gingivalis and to explore its potential to prevent dental caries and peridontal disease. Method : Essential oil of basil, extracted using steam distillation, was diluted with triple distilled water and Tween 20 to generate samples at various concentration, that is 30%, 50%, and 70% (v/v). Strains of S. mutans and P. gingivalis were incubated in the medium under anaerobic condition. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing and plate incubation diffusion were utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and to measure antibacterial activity, respectively. Result : An upsurge in antibacterial activity was seen to correlate with and increase in the concentration used for both bacterial strains, but was more significant with S. mutans. A statistically significant growth inhibition effect and reduction in the number of colonies was also observed with both strains dependent on the concentration used following 24 hours of incubation. Conclusion : Thus, the current study finding was that essential oil of basil was effective against dental caries and periodontal disease and could be used in dentifrice to help prevent oral disease.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate antibacterial activities of Sophora flavescens Ait. extracts for the prevention of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. The fraction 5-4-3 of the ethyl acetate soluble extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. Showed strong growth inhibition activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC, 3.13 ${\mu}$g/ml). The glucosyltransferase activity inhibited the formation of glucan by the fraction 5-4-3 and showed 77% of the antiproliferative effect at 100 ${\mu}$g/ml. This showed a significant activity (p<0.05). These results suggest that the fraction 5-4-3 of the ethyl acetate soluble extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. may be a valuable material as the prevention of dental caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic power of caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of this study were 50 children of $7\sim9$ years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(480nm) was observed and photographed with barrier filter. Visual examination for the dDfFtT rate and Streptococcus mutans colony counting was done to evaluate correlation with caries activity test using laser fluorescence. Data analysis was accomplished by Axelsson's method. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was positive correlation $(\gamma=0.48)$ between laser fluorescence test and Streptococcus mutans count. And also positive correlation $(\gamma=0.39)$ exists between laser fluorescence test and dDfFtT rate (P<0.01). 2. Positive correlation $(\gamma=0.27)$ between Streptococcus mutans colony count and dDfFtT rate was found(P<0.05). 3. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 44.4%, 85.7%, and 87.8%. 4. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of S. mutans colony counting were 77.8%, 92.9%, 84.8%. 5. When S. mutans colony counting was defined to standard testing method, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 40.0%, 84.8%, 95.1%. In regard to above results, laser fluorescence test considered to be accurate and reliable method for determining caries activity because of it's close relationship with caries susceptibility test and caries experience measurements. And it was also considered to be practical because it would be simple, inexpensive, and time saving method.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to provide the basic data for oral health of infants, through the comparison of Streptococcus mutans activities(the representative bacteria of initial dental caries), in main nutritional foods for infants: breast milk, milk powder, and soya milk. Methods : The study targeted 30 infants and the saliva was sampled after the oral examination. The pH of sampled saliva was measured; and the sample of 'the saliva', 'the saliva and breast milk', and 'the saliva and formula milk' by researcher were produced; and the measurement was repeated 7 times. Results : As a result of examining the change of colony number of Streptococcus mutans by hour, the bacterial activity took in the source of nutrition took place in the first place; and in the group with dental caries, breast-feeding at night occurreds most frequently. Due to the combined activities, such as the increase in the contact time, the existence rate of dental caries appeared high. However, as the improvement of breast-feeding is closely related to the nutrition supply to babies, rather than the improvement of breast-feeding, the 12 hours after the culture in which Streptococcus mutans activities started was considered. Conclusions : In case of breast-feeding at night, it is necessary to remove the dental plaque in the mouth, before 12 hours has passed. Especially, using toothbrush and toothpaste to decrease the occurrence of dental caries, after the eruption of teeth, is recommended for oral administration.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the CAMBRA-students application by assessing the changes in dental caries risk factors and management effectiveness in elementary and middle school students. Methods: This study was conducted between July 2023 and May 2024 and included 113 participants (55 experimental and 58 control participants). Participants used the CAMBRA-students application to enter the protective and risk factors. Clinicians recorded the disease indicators and classified the participants into risk groups. Only the experimental group received the tailored dental caries management program, with feedback provided via the applicationat each intervention stage. Results: The pre- and post-intervention assessments revealed an increase in the high-risk group and a decrease in the extremehigh-risk group. Conversely, the control group exhibited a decrease in the high-risk group and an increase in the extreme high-risk group. The DMFT index and rateand salivary flow rate increased in both groups. The Simple Hygiene Score and ΔR decreased and increased in the experimental and control groups, respectively, with no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The CAMBRA-students application effectively prevented dental caries in children and adolescents. The future development of personalized oral care programs tailored to different life stages is recommended.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Yam, Prunella was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Hexane extract was tested for anti-microbial effect on Streptocaccus mutans, one of causative factor of dental caries. Methanol extracts of 7 plants were investigated to anti-microbial effects on S. mutans KCTC 5316, P. gingivalis KCTC 5352, S. aureus KCTC 1927 by means of agar diffusion method. Methanol extract of Yam and Prunella revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction of Yam revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans. In sequence of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol fraction by Prunelia acted as potent anti-microbial agent on P. gingivalis. The measured MIC of hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml and the MIC of hexane fraction of Prunella on S. aureus was 0.5 mg/ml. The hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella suppressed viable ceil counts(VCC) of S. mutans, especially after 24 hrs. The Prunella hexane fraction suppressed VCC of S. aureus, after 12 and 24 hrs. Tested concentrations were 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml. the results were compared with control (0 mg/ml). The pH of S. mutans media and GTase activity were determined to evaluate the anticariogenic activity of Yam, Prunella hexane fraction. The pH were increased from 5.6 to 7.0-7.2 in concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Yam hexane extraction revealed 35% inhibition to GTase activity and Punella inhibited 25% of GTase. These results suggest that the hexane extracts of Yam and prunella have Antibacterial activities against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, S. aureus and have preventive effect on dental caries.