• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.627-640
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effects of family support programs on caregiving burden, depression, and stress in family caregivers of people with dementia. Methods: A literature search was conducted of electronic databases to identify randomized controlled studies with family support programs done between 2000 and 2014. Studies published in English and/or Korean were included for the analysis with search strategies adapted from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Studies were rated for quality assessment by two independent reviewers using the appraisal checklist developed by Cochrane Reviews and Dissemination. Of 8,334 articles identified in the literature search, full texts of 76 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and 38 were found to include relevant outcomes. Results: Results from selected studies were pooled in statistical meta-analysis using Review Manager Software and heterogeneity between combined studies was assessed using the Chi-square test. Meta-analysis showed that the effect sizes of family caregiver support programs were small to medium for categories of caregiving burden (Hedge's g= - 0.17, 95% CI= - 0.30~ - 0.04), depression (Hedge's g= - 0.30, 95% CI= - 0.40~ - 0.20), and stress (Hedge's g= - 0.39, 95% CI= - 0.52~ - 0.25). Conclusion: The review results indicate that a support programs can assist family caregivers in reducing their psycho-emotional distress.

• 한국노년학
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.693-709
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• 2016

손자녀를 돌보는 한국 조모들의 돌봄 특성에 따른 우울 증상을 살펴보기 위하여 시행한 연구이다. 한국고령화연구패널조사 4차 자료(2012년) 참여자 중, 손자녀가 1명 이상인 여성은 총 3,291명이다. 이 중 손자녀를 돌본경험이 있는 127명을 대상으로 하였다. 돌봄 제공 손자녀 수, 연간 돌봄 기간 및 주당 돌봄 시간에 따라 우울증상에 차이가 있는지 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 사회경제적 특성과 건강상태(주관적 건강, 만성질환 이환 개수, 통증 유무)를 통제하였을 때, 조모들은 손자녀 돌봄 기간이 길수록 우울 증상이 낮게 나타났고, 이와 반대로 주당 돌봄 시간이 길수록 우울 증상이 높게 나타났다. 손자녀를 돌보는 조모는 고령여성이 가지는 다양한 건강 문제와 더불어 돌봄 제공자 역할을 받아들일 수밖에 없으며, 이 과정에서 주당 돌봄 시간이 길수록 우울 증상 고위험군에 속할 확률이 높아진다. 손자녀 돌봄 특성과 정신 건강의 관련성에 대한 상세한 파악과 이해를 통해 손자녀 돌봄에 대한 사회적 책임 분담 등 지원 서비스와 정책에 대한 논의가 이어져야 하겠다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the burden of family with the mentally ill and professional needs. Data collection period was from June 29, 1998 to July 30, 1998. The subjects for the study was 134 family members of psychiatric in-patients and out-patients in Taejon and Chungnam. The questionnaire developed by OK-KYUNG YANG to measure the family burden and professional needs was used for this study. The tools used for this study were composed of General characteristics(30 items), family burden(43 items), professional needs(26 items). The data was analyzed by using on SPSSWIN program and included percentage, mean, S.D., t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the analysis were as follows; The mean score of family burden was 134.26, which is higer than the mean score of the instrument. The mean score of professional need, the family caregiver who supporting of mentally ill patients, was .48 which is lower than the mean score of the instrument. Family burden was statistically correlated with professional needs(${\gamma}$=.6139, P<.001). There were statistically differences in family burden for respondent's relation, location of living, most care money giver, substant care money giver. There were statistically significant difference in professional need for family age, marriage status, substant care money giver, information status. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that addressing professional needs would contribute to reduce burden of the family caregivers with mentally ill. Therefore, Nursing interventions are needed to reduce family burden.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.530-538
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• 2018

Purpose: This study tried to identify changes in family burden after the introduction of the long-term care insurance and to examine the factors influencing subjective and objective caring burden and depression of family caregivers of elders receiving home-based long-term care. Methods: Data were collected from 203 family caregivers of elders from August 1 to 31, 2015 using questionnaires. They were analyzed in descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of depression was 7.24, which suggested mild depression level. The subjective family burden was 2.71 and the objective burden 3.04. The factors affecting depression included subjective burden (t=5.08, p<.001), objective burden (t=2.80, p=.006), time of elderly care per day (t=-3.61, p< .001), caregiving duration (t=3.33, p=.001), age (t=3.13, p=.002), family relationship (t=2.48, p=.014), and economic status (t=1.99, p=.047). Conclusion: The family burden was most important influencing factor on caregiver's depression. Therefore, services and supports to alleviate caregivers' burden in the home-based care should be added to long-term care.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.354-363
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of severe ALS patient-caregiver couples and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in family caregivers. Methods: The participants in this study were 89 pairs of ALS patients using ventilators and a family caregiver. The characteristics of the ALS patients and caregivers, Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised, Zarit Burden Interview and SF-36 were measured in this study. The data were collected from August 2008 to April 2009. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and canonical correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The physical component summary and mental component summary of the HRQoL score for family caregivers were $147.49{\pm}31.63$ and $129.09{\pm}35.83$, respectively. HRQoL for caregivers was related to characteristics of the ALS patient-caregiver couples, such as patient's gender, caregiver's age, gender, marital status, daily time spent in caregiving and burden with one significant canonical variable. The significant variate showed that the lower the age, the time spent in caregiving and the burden of caregivers, the higher the HRQoL of caregivers. Conclusion: The support systems for caregivers considering caregiver characteristics such as demographics and burden should be implemented to improve the HRQoL of caregivers.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore influencing factors on care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia living at home. Methods: Participants in this study were 211 family caregivers who were taking care of elders registered at a support center for dementia located in S-gu, Seoul. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression in SPSS WIN 23.0. Results: The care burden of family caregivers was mild to moderate ($40.31{\pm}21.50$) in this study. The factors influencing care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia were the age, behavioral problems, and dependency in instrumental activities of daily living of demented elderly, in addition to the perceived health status and resting hours of family caregivers. Overall, these factors explained 46.5% of the total variability in care burden in this sample (F=13.01, p<.001). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that the characteristics of demented elderly and family caregivers can influence care burden differently. Individually tailored strategies based on the various caregiving contexts need to be developed to reduce the level of care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed to survey the actual caregiving conditions of family caregivers who are caring patients with rare and incurable diseases using home ventilators at home, and to clarify any factors affecting their burdens and quality of life. Methods: A questionnaire survey was performed by the 159 subjects, and the questionnaires contained the actual conditions of caregiving activities, and caregiver's burdens and quality of life. The collected data was analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise linear regressions. Results: The mean of burden scores was 3.55 out of 5, and influencing variables included the relationships with patient (spouse), respite (moderate), health status, and diagnosis (non ALS), with the explanatory power of 30.0%. The mean of the quality of life was 2.58 point, and the influencing variables included burdens, health status, and respite (enough), with the explanatory power of 39.0%. Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of life among family caregivers caring for patients with using a home ventilator, it is required to develop strategies for reducing caregiving burdens as well as to introduce family respite welfare systems to family caregivers.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 노인장기요양보험 재가보호서비스를 이용하는 노인성 치매환자 가족의 돌봄경험에 대한 평가와 가족기능과의 관계를 파악하기 위함이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 경기도 I병원 치매예방센터에서 DSM-IV기준에 의해 치매를 진단받고 노인장기요양보험 재가보호서비스를 이용하고 있는 65세 이상의 노인성 치매환자 가족구성원 121명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 평균 연령은 $53.80{\pm}10.86$세로 여성이 75.2%이었고 그 중 딸이 37.2%로 가장 많았다. 대상자의 돌봄평가는 중립적 인식의 요구감이 가장 높았고 긍정적 인식인 숙련감, 만족감이 그 다음으로 높았다. 대상자의 가족기능은 보통정도였고 영역별로 정서적 기능이 가장 높았던 반면, 의사소통이 가장 낮았다. 대상자의 돌봄평가 중 긍정적 인식의 만족감이 높고 중립적 인식의 요구감이 낮을수록 가족기능이 높았다. 추후 노인성 치매환자 가족의 돌봄에 대한 요구감을 줄이고 만족감을 향상시키며 가족의 정서적 기능과 의사소통을 증진시키기 위한 간호중재개발이 필요하다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2000

This study examined burdens of primary family caregivers, and family functioning of patients with cancer. In addition, the relationship between two concepts was assessed to develop nursing intervention to reduce the burdens of caregiving, and to improve family functioning. Ninety-two primary family caregivers of patients with cancer at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study. The patients with cancer aged from 19 to 84 years with a mean age of 51 years, and sixty-one percent were male. About 30 percent of the patients suffered liver and billiary tract cancer. Fifty-six percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 70.7 percent were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally developed by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Guest(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales: time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financial burden. Family functioning was assessed by the Family APGAR developed by Smilkstein(1978). The results were as follows: 1. The average burden score was 86.1, indicating a moderate level of burden. The time-dependent burden scored highest followed by developmental, physical, social, financial, and emotional burdens. The mean score of family APGAR was 9.71; among subjects 82.6% were included in dysfunctional families. 2. Of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, number of admissions, and job were found to be associated with the level of burden. There was no significant difference between patient characteristics and family functioning. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, caregiver's perception of patient prognosis was significantly related to the level of burden, and family functioning. Caregiver's sex and age were also related to family functioning. The quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver was significant situational factors affecting the level of burden, and family functioning. In addition, the income of family, and help from other family members were related to the level of burden. Given the results, it is essential to develop nursing intervention to reduce burden and to improve family functioning, such as support groups.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2007

Purpose. The purpose of this review is to explore cultural influences on the experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian American family caregivers caring for frail older adults in terms of the selection of a primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, support/help-seeking, and negative emotional responses (depression and burden). Methods. Seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve studies from 1966 to 2005. Thirty-two studies were identified. Results. This review supported cultural influences on the selection of primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, and support/help-seeking among the three caregiver groups. In Korean caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters-in-law while among Korean American and Caucasian American caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters or spouses. As a major caregiving motivation, Caucasian American care￢givers reported filial affection while Korean caregivers and Korean American caregivers reported filial obligation. Korean caregivers reported higher extended family support, while Caucasian American caregivers reported higher utilization of formal support. Korean caregivers showed the highest levels of depression followed by Korean American caregivers and Caucasian American caregivers. Conclusion. In order to develop culturally appropriate interventions and policies, more research is needed to further explain these differences among the three groups, especially regarding support/help-seeking and negative emotional responses.