• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cardiovascular imaging

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Aortopulmonary Fistula Presenting without an Endoleak after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

  • Sica, Giacomo;Rea, Gaetano;Bocchini, Giorgio;Lombardi, Romilda;Muto, Massimo;Valente, Tullio
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.287-290
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    • 2017
  • Herein, we report the case of a 60-year-old man, a smoker with a history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After computed tomography (CT) for an episode of hemoptysis, the patient underwent elective thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) because of a degenerative aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. The area of perianeurysmal pulmonary atelectasis reported on the CT scan was not considered. Three months later, he developed an aortopulmonary fistula without endoleaks. Although TEVAR is a relatively safe procedure, no detail should be overlooked in the preoperative evaluation in order to avoid life-threatening complications. Further, the effectiveness and modality of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis and/or preoperative respiratory physiotherapy should be assessed in such cases.

Cerebral Air Embolism and Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Large Bulla Rupture during a Pulmonary Function Test

  • Lee, Ha;Lee, Hyun Soo;Moon, Dulk Hwan;Lee, Sungsoo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.34-37
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    • 2020
  • Cerebral air embolism combined with cardiomyopathy secondary to pulmonary barotrauma is rare. Here, we report an unusual case of cerebral air embolism combined with transient cardiomyopathy secondary to large bulla rupture during a pulmonary function test after lung cancer surgery. The patient experienced loss of consciousness. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a cerebral air embolism. Electrocardiography showed ST-segment elevation and abnormally high plasma levels of cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography and coronary angiography suggested cardiomyopathy. The patient was discharged with no sequelae.

An Unusual Presentation of Schwannoma in the Interatrial Space

  • Jung, Joon Chul;Chang, Hyoung Woo;Kim, Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.95-97
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    • 2015
  • We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed with intracardiac schwannoma without symptoms. Preoperative echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass attached to the interatrial septum. The initial diagnosis was a myxoma or a bronchogenic cyst. The tumor was successfully excised under cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the pathology of the excised tumor was consistent with schwannoma. We suggest that cardiovascular surgeons consider schwannoma to be a possible differential diagnosis for a mass close to the interatrial septum.

Extracardiac Conduit Fontan Operation and Right Ventricular Exclusion Procedure for Right Ventricle Failure after Repair of Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect

  • Yang, Chan Kyu;Jang, Woo Sung;Choi, Eun-Suk;Cho, Sungkyu;Choi, Kwangho;Nam, Jinhae;Kim, Woong-Han
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.275-279
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    • 2014
  • A 13-year-old girl, who had undergone the total correction of partial atrioventricular septal defect at the age of 4 years, was admitted with severe tricuspid regurgitation in echocardiography. She had received one-and-a-half ventricle repair during follow-up. Her right ventricle showed global akinesia, and the ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 25% with paradoxical interventricular septal motion. We performed right ventricular exclusion adjunct to the Fontan procedure. She is doing well two years after the operation without complications.

Primary Pulmonary Chordoid Meningioma

  • Bae, So Young;Kim, Hye-seon;Jang, Hyo-Jun;Chung, Won-Sang;Kim, Hyuck;Kim, Young Hak;Lee, Jun Ho;Bang, Seong Sik
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.410-414
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    • 2018
  • Primary pulmonary meningioma is a rare disease, and chordoid meningioma is an uncommon variant of meningioma in the central nervous system (CNS) with a high recurrence rate. We report a case of primary pulmonary chordoid meningioma that presented as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). The SPN was resected by thoracoscopic wedge resection and was revealed to have characteristics of chordoid meningioma. After confirming the absence of a meningioma in the CNS by brain imaging, the nodule was diagnosed as a primary pulmonary chordoid meningioma. The patient remained disease-free after 26 months postoperatively. To our knowledge, this is the third case of primary pulmonary chordoid meningioma to be reported.

Thoracic Fetiform Teratoma: A Case Report of a Very Rare Entity in a Peruvian Hospital

  • Ludwig Caceres-Farfan;Wildor Samir Cubas;Franco Alban;Jorge Mantilla-Vasquez;Johny Mayta-Rodriguez;Karen Mendoza-Guerra
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.56 no.4
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    • pp.282-285
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    • 2023
  • Mature fetiform teratoma, or homunculus, is a term coined for a rare variant of teratoma with a prevalence of 0.01% of teratomas. There have been very few cases reported in the world, and its thoracic presentation is extremely unusual. We present the case of a 31-year-old female patient with a history of progressive chest pain in the left hemithorax, associated with dyspnea on moderate exertion and cough. Imaging studies revealed a large intrathoracic tumor visually compatible with a teratoma. Surgical resection by a clamshell approach was successful, and subsequent anatomopathological studies of the operative specimen concluded that the mass was a mature fetiform thoracic teratoma. The treatment of this entity is generally surgical and includes wide resection due to its large adhesive component to surrounding tissues. Thus, the cardiothoracic surgeon must know approaches that allow wide resection, making these cases true surgical challenges.

Biases in the Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Compressed Sensing Cardiovascular Cine MRI

  • Yoon, Jong-Hyun;Kim, Pan-ki;Yang, Young-Joong;Park, Jinho;Choi, Byoung Wook;Ahn, Chang-Beom
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.114-124
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: We investigate biases in the assessments of left ventricular function (LVF), by compressed sensing (CS)-cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Cardiovascular cine images with short axis view, were obtained for 8 volunteers without CS. LVFs were assessed with subsampled data, with compression factors (CF) of 2, 3, 4, and 8. A semi-automatic segmentation program was used, for the assessment. The assessments by 3 CS methods (ITSC, FOCUSS, and view sharing (VS)), were compared to those without CS. Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test were used, for comparison. In addition, real-time CS-cine imaging was also performed, with CF of 2, 3, 4, and 8 for the same volunteers. Assessments of LVF were similarly made, for CS data. A fixed compensation technique is suggested, to reduce the bias. Results: The assessment of LVF by CS-cine, includes bias and random noise. Bias appeared much larger than random noise. Median of end-diastolic volume (EDV) with CS-cine (ITSC or FOCUSS) appeared -1.4% to -7.1% smaller, compared to that of standard cine, depending on CF from (2 to 8). End-systolic volume (ESV) appeared +1.6% to +14.3% larger, stroke volume (SV), -2.4% to -16.4% smaller, and ejection fraction (EF), -1.1% to -9.2% smaller, with P < 0.05. Bias was reduced from -5.6% to -1.8% for EF, by compensation applied to real-time CS-cine (CF = 8). Conclusion: Loss of temporal resolution by adopting missing data from nearby cardiac frames, causes an underestimation for EDV, and an overestimation for ESV, resulting in underestimations for SV and EF. The bias is not random. Thus it should be removed or reduced for better diagnosis. A fixed compensation is suggested, to reduce bias in the assessment of LVF.

In vivo molecular and single cell imaging

  • Hong, Seongje;Rhee, Siyeon;Jung, Kyung Oh
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.267-274
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    • 2022
  • Molecular imaging is used to improve the disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of treatment in living subjects. Numerous molecular targets have been developed for various cellular and molecular processes in genetic, metabolic, proteomic, and cellular biologic level. Molecular imaging modalities such as Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Computed Tomography (CT) can be used to visualize anatomic, genetic, biochemical, and physiologic changes in vivo. For in vivo cell imaging, certain cells such as cancer cells, immune cells, stem cells could be labeled by direct and indirect labeling methods to monitor cell migration, cell activity, and cell effects in cell-based therapy. In case of cancer, it could be used to investigate biological processes such as cancer metastasis and to analyze the drug treatment process. In addition, transplanted stem cells and immune cells in cell-based therapy could be visualized and tracked to confirm the fate, activity, and function of cells. In conventional molecular imaging, cells can be monitored in vivo in bulk non-invasively with optical imaging, MRI, PET, and SPECT imaging. However, single cell imaging in vivo has been a great challenge due to an extremely high sensitive detection of single cell. Recently, there has been great attention for in vivo single cell imaging due to the development of single cell study. In vivo single imaging could analyze the survival or death, movement direction, and characteristics of a single cell in live subjects. In this article, we reviewed basic principle of in vivo molecular imaging and introduced recent studies for in vivo single cell imaging based on the concept of in vivo molecular imaging.

Isolated Congenital Left Ventricular Diverticulum in Adults

  • Jung, Joon Chul;Oh, Hong Chul;Kim, Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.355-358
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    • 2015
  • Isolated congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation. Here, we report the case of a 33-year-old woman who had suffered from recurrent transient ischemic attacks for 6 years. Preoperative cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography revealed a diverticulum near the apex. The diverticulum was successfully obliterated by cardiopulmonary bypass. We suggest that isolated congenital left ventricular diverticulum can be easily corrected with a low surgical risk by patch repair and plication techniques.