• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-112
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• 2002

Recently, the number of the elderly has increased according to the improvement of socioeconomic status and the efficient medical care system. In spite of the development of medicine, the elderly suffers from the various health problems caused by weakness of musculoskeletal system, cardiopulmonary function and immunologic dysfunction. Regular rhythmic exercise program is known to be one of the effective tools to enhance the health condition in the elderly. However, there has been few studies to evaluate the comprehensive effects of rhythmic movement program on the elderly. This study was focused to evaluate the indices of cardiopulmonary function, life satisfaction, calcium, phosphorous, osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline which are the essential factors of health problems in the elderly women. Twenty six subjects, aged between 68 and 72, who can do the ordinary activities and do not have cardiovascular dysfunction and mental disorder, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: 13 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. The experimental group participated in the rhythmic movement program at the welfare center located in G-city. The program were consisted of three sessions a week during 10 weeks. Each session had three parts: warming up(10 minutes), main exercise(40 minutes), finishing(10 minutes). Heart rate, blood pressure and peripheral arterial oxygen saturation were measured for the evaluation of cardiopulmonary function. Serum calcium, phosphorous, osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline were measured as the indices of bony metabolism. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ program. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Heart rate of the experimental group showed significant decrease following the rhythmic movement program. Peripheral arterial oxygen saturation of the experimental group showed significant increase following the program. 2) The degree of life satisfaction of the experimental group showed significant increase following the program. 3) Calcium showed significant decrease following the program but remained within normal range. There was no significant difference of phosphorous between two groups. 4) Osteocalcin, the index of bone formation, showed no significant change following the program, but significant increase in the experimental group comparing with the control group. 5) Deoxypyridinoline, the index of bone resorption, in urine of the experimental group showed significant decrease following the program. In conclusion, the rhythmic exercise program in the elderly showed the improvement of physiologic function and favorable effects on life satisfaction and bony metabolism. According to the above results, the regular rhythmic movement program can be strongly recommended for the improvement of health in the elderly women.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2011

Background : Complementary and alternative medicine has bee used to cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, many hospitals have tried to integrate complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) with conventional medical approaches for patients with chronic diseases. Recently, the prevalence of the use of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) among patients with chronic diseases, expecially, hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident is increasing in Korea. To date, however, there were only few studies addressing the patients' attitudes, and utilization of TKM, compared to the well-documented escalating use of TKM among consumers in Korea. Objectives : The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of TKM use among hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident and to determine what factors affect to use CAM among the patients. The study also aims to provide information on TKM and assist therapy selection among various CAM therapies for hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident within health care system in which both practitioners of TKM and practitioners of modern Western medicine coexisted. Methods : The design of the study was descriptive cross-sectional, and data were collected using a 32-items questionnaire. The subjects were one hundred fifty nine patients with chronic diseases who visited or admitted to health care facilities in a hospital in Seoul Metropolitan city, Korea. Data were analyzed using 'SPSS Statistics 18.0 Network Version(on release 18.0.1 of PASW Statistics)' program. Various statistical methods were used to obtain a profile for participants and the therapies most frequently used by hemiplegia patients of TKM. Logistic regression analysis was employed in order to determine the predicting variables of TKM use. Results : The prevalence of the use of TKM was 51.6%. The most common TKM therapies used by the patients included acupuncture(93.2%), herbal medicine(64.8%), and cupping(37.5%). Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the variables significantly related with TKM use were gender, marital status, job, No. of visiting health care facilities/week. Conclusions : This study shows that the use of TKM among the hemiplegia patients is relatively high in Korea, this topic should be taken into account in the development of a holistic approach for patients with chronic diseases and an efficient chronic disease management system in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.722-730
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• 2020

As one of the most serious health risk factors, air pollution can no longer be ignored. Particulate matter (PM) is an important and harmful component of air pollution that originates from a variety of sources. Numerous recent studies have linked PM to a range of conditions including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, and skin disease. The eye, despite being directly exposed to air pollution, has been investigated in very few of these studies. In this review, we describe the evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as epidemiological investigations, that supports the association between exposure to PM and the development of ocular conditions such as surface and retinal disease and glaucoma. Based on the results of previous studies, we suggest that PM exposure can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and, ultimately, ocular surface disease. Nevertheless, almost no studies focus on ocular surface damage from PM while some epidemiological and clinical studies report on the posterior of the eye. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms in the posterior following PM exposure have yet to be identified, and further studies are therefore warranted of the ocular surface as well as the posterior part of the eye.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.408-418
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• 2020

The sinus node (SN) is located at the apex of the cardiac conduction system, and SN dysfunction (SND)-characterized by electrical remodeling-is generally attributed to idiopathic fibrosis or ischemic injuries in the SN. SND is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including syncope, heart failure, and atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation. One of the histological SND hallmarks is degenerative atrial remodeling that is associated with conduction abnormalities and increased right atrial refractoriness. Although SND is frequently accompanied by increased fibrosis in the right atrium (RA), its molecular basis still remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether SND can induce significant molecular changes that account for the structural remodeling of RA. Towards this, we employed a rabbit model of experimental SND, and then compared the genome-wide RNA expression profiles in RA between SND-induced rabbits and sham-operated controls to identify the differentially expressed transcripts. The accompanying gene enrichment analysis revealed extensive pro-fibrotic changes within 7 days after the SN ablation, including activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and alterations in the levels of extracellular matrix components and their regulators. Importantly, our findings suggest that periostin, a matricellular factor that regulates the development of cardiac tissue, might play a key role in mediating TGF-β-signaling-induced aberrant atrial remodeling. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable information regarding the molecular signatures underlying SND-induced atrial remodeling, and indicates that periostin can be potentially used in the diagnosis of fibroproliferative cardiac dysfunctions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.469-475
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• 2000

Background: Thoracic aortomyoplasty is one of the surgical treatment for heart failure and has advantages over artificial heart or intraaortic balloon pumps. It uses autogenous skeletal muscles and solves problems such as energy source. However its use in clinical settings has been limited. This preliminary study was designed to develop surgical technique and to determine the effect of acute descending thoracic aortomyoplsty. Material and Method: Thirteen adult Mongrel dogs were used. The left latissimus dorsi muscle was wrapped around the descending aorta under general anesthesis. Swan-Ganz and microtipped Millar catheter were used for the hemodynamics and endocaridial viability ratio. Data were collected with myostimulator on and off in normal hearts and the ischemic hearts. Result: In normal hearts, the mean aortic diastolic pressure increased from 72$\pm$15mmHg at baseline to 78$\pm$13mmHg with stimulator on. Coronary perfusion pressure increased from 61$\pm$11mmHg to 65$\pm$9mmHg. Diastolic time increased from 0.288$\pm$0.003 msec to 0.290$\pm$0.003msec. Systolic time decreased from 0.164$\pm$0.002msec to 0.160$\pm$0.002 msec. Endocardial viability ratio increased from 1.21$\pm$0.22 to 1.40$\pm$0.18. In ischemic hearts, mean aortic diastolic pressure incrased from 56$\pm$21mmHg at baseline to 61$\pm$15mmHg with stimulator on. Coronary perfusion pressure increased from 48$\pm$17mmHg to 52$\pm$15mmHg. Diastolic time increased from 0.290$\pm$0.003 msec to 0.313$\pm$0.004msec. Systolic time decreased from 0.180$\pm$0.002 msec to 0.177$\pm$0.003 msec. Endovascular viability ratio increased from 0.9$\pm$0.31 to 1.1$\pm$0.31. The limited number of cases ruled out the statistic significance. Conclusion: Descending thoracic aortomyoplasty is a simple operation designed to use patient's own skeletal muscles. It trends to increase diastolic augmentation and coronary perfusion pressure. Modification of surgical technique and stimulator protocol would maximize the effect to assist the heart.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

CATCH 22 syndrome is a one of the most common chromosome microdeletion syndrome with multiple organ anomalies in humans, with an incidence of approximately 1:4,000 to 1:5,000 live births. It is caused by a microdeletion of 1.5 to 3.0 megabases on the long arm of chromosome 22. The phenotypic spectrum of this disorder is wide and various. A 19-year-old patient who showed delayed growth and development (Height; 110 cm, Weight; 18 kg) was referred to our department for the treatment of dental cavities. She was diagnosed as CATCH 22 syndrome in 2004. Physical examination revealed hypertelorism, a short philtrum, thick reflected lips and a small mouth. She underwent cleft palate surgery at 1 year of age and heart valve surgery due to the cardiovascular abnormality at 13 years of age. Convulsive seizures had persisted until 5 years ago but are well controlled at present. Oral examination showed poor oral hygiene, crowding, prolonged retention on #65, 75 and dental cavities on #16, 21, 65, 26, 36, and 46. Cavity treatment and prophylaxis were performed under general anesthesia. Also continuous follow-up checks have been carrying out with the periodic prophylaxis and dental home education. Problems with numerous cavities and gingivitis which can lead to specific risks are common for CATCH 22 syndrome patients. It is therefore of great importance that these patients are referred to foremost physician and dental specialist for the oral care. In addition, preventive treatment targeting the risk of dental cavities and gingivitis is especially important and, as the syndrome involves many different medical problems, the dental treatment should be carried out in collaboration with the patient's physician.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2006

The present study examined that in Vivo/Vitro test is investigated in normotensive sham-operated rats (NSR) and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats (ADHR) and that the antihypertensive effect was induced by silver spike point (SSP) electrical stimulation at meridian points(CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52), specifically, such as aldosterone in 24 hour urine analysis from healthy volunteer. The gross examination and morphometric-histological changes, such as hypertrophy, production of necrotic tissues, and the changes of cell arrangement on the kidney, and adrenal gland were markedly observed in aldosterone-analogue DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with those from normotensive sham-operated rats. The systolic blood pressure, weight of kidney and adrenal gland were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. The required time of PSS-induced resting tone was significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. However, the voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) currents were significantly decreased in ADHR than that in NSR. The urine analysis showed that the concentration of aldosterone was significantly decreased in resting state from the elderly people compared with those from the adolescent healthy volunteer. The current of 1 Hz continue type of SSP electrical stimulation significantly decreased in the concentration of aldosterone of 24 hour urine from the elderly people. These results suggest that the development of aldosterone analogue-induced hypertension is associated with changed the weight of kidney and adrenal gland, blood pressure, resting tone and Kv currents, which directly affects blood pressure. Therefore, the hypertension is a risk factor on cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, these results suggest that the diminished responsiveness to SSP electrical stimulation, especially current of 1Hz continue type, in elderly people may be, in part, related by the increased of antihypertensive effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

Research should be actively conducted for the ability of X-ray equipment and Retrospective image analysis of X-ray equipment used in hospitals. Retrospective image analysis of X-ray machines, CT and MRI of radiology and medical equipment has been actively conducted. However, image quality measurement using angiography equipment of angiography room is mostly measured with phantom, and image quality measurement on image after being taken by actual patient is insufficient and researches on accurate image quality measurement method are remarkable. It is in short supply. Therefore, through this study, the researcher devised a method to measure the image quality of the acquired image after coronary angiography, and to provide a high quality image to the operator. The equipment and programs used were angiographic examination equipment (Axiom Artis Zee Ceiling) and Image J program. Subjects were images automatically saved in PACS program after coronary angiography.For image quality measurement, selected the AP Caudal 30° image that show the LCA vessel well and the LAO 30° image that show the RCA vessel well during the coronary angiography. In order to measure the background and ROI of the selected image by selecting an image, a criterion on how to find and measure a section where the overlap of the shadow, such as blood vessel, liver and lung is minimized, is presented. In conclusion, there is no exact standard for analyzing an image quality measurement method of angiography image. Therefore, in order to provide quality images to the practistioners, not only the technicians of the equipment but also the users who actually use them should become researchers and conduct research on image quality measurement in various ways. Thus, it is expected to provide excellent images to patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.