• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 1996

The research of cold therapy is preceding rarely nowadays. This study was researched to measure the skin temperature of the right foot malleolus when the leg change the situation precisely speaking it was cold, elevation, cold plus elevation. Twenty young healthy volunteers(M:10, F:10)with no history of cardiopulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease were tested. This study were analyzed by one-way-repeated ANOVA. In the first we examined the within changes of the skin temperature between before and after examination for each modality. The skin temperature at all of modalities had fallen. Therefore we could know the fact that elevation plus cold modality had fallen skin temperature significantly more than elevation or cold. And there were no significant difference between male and female. We conclude that elevation and cold therapy could be better effective on edema, contusion and sprain than cold or elevation therapy independently.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 1984

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection [TAPVC] defines a group of congenital heart disease which have in common the entire pulmonary venous drainage returning directly or indirectly to the right atrium instead of to the left atrium. Although this disorder represents only 1.3% of cases of congenital heart disease, if untreated the resultant mortality is greater than 80% in the 1st year of life. And since there is no satisfactory palliative treatment, correction of TAPVC Is high on the list of indications for open heart surgery in the 1st year of life. This paper describes 10 patients who underwent surgical correction of this disorder at SNUH between 1978 and 1983. 1. 7 were males and 3 females, with ages ranging from 5 months to 24 years. 2. 7 were supracardiac type, 2 cardiac type, and 1 mixed type TAPVC. We didnt experience infracardiac type. 3. All showed some degree of pulmonary hypertension preoperatively. 4. In 4 cases of supracardiac type, total circulatory arrest was used in brief period during anastomosis between common pulmonary venous trunk and left atrium. In the other cases, usual cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate to deep hyperthermia was used. 5. There were 2 cases of mortality; 1 died at operation, and the other at 4 months due to congestive heart failure. 6. Mortality seemed not closely related to age, body weight, or severity of pulmonary hypertension.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.811-816
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• 1995

Repairs of atrial septal defect utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass were performed in 50 adults, ranging age from 16 to 53 years, since April 1986 up to October 1994. They occupied 38.8% of all adult congenital heart disease operated in the same period. Preoperatively, 16 patients were functional class II, 12 patients class III and 4 patients class IV[New York Heart Association Classification , respectively. Five patients combined with atrial fibrillation and the remainders revealed regular sinus rhythm. Cardiac catheterizations were performed in 43 out of 50 patients, and revealed a systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in excess of 51 mmHg in 4 patients but none had reversed shunt. 40 patients[80% were repaired with patch closure and remainings were repaired with direct closure. 49 patients were followed up for 2 months up to 102 months[average 55 months . A comparison of the preoperative and postoperative functional class demonstrated a mean decrease of one NYHA functional level[2.5$\pm$0.63 to 1.4$\pm$0.56 . There was no operative mortality. One patient died during the follow-up period and the death was unrelated to heart disease. Operative treatment is indicated for repair of atrial septal defect with left to right shunt in the adult patient and a considerable clinical improvement can be anticipitated with low mortality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 1985

Congenital aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is one of the rare congenital heart disease, which is usually asymptomatic until rupture. The aneurysm usually ruptures into a cardiac chamber and produces an aorto-intracardiac fistula. Ruptured aneurysm is a grave lesion in that it causes heart failure and subsequent death. If, however, it is discovered in its early stages and operated on properly, it can be corrected with considerable success. Form January 1975 through December 1984, 18 consecutive patients with congenital aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva underwent corrective surgery using total cardiopulmonary bypass in our department of Thoracic Surgery. 1. The incidence was about 0.9% of surgical cases of congenital heart disease during that period. 2. 13 were males and 5 females, with ages ranging 12 years to 52 years. 3. Associated anomalies were VSD in 14, infundibular PS in 1, aberrant muscle band in RVOT in 1, and secondary aortic insufficiency in 9. 4. 17 were suggested to arise from right coronary sinus and 1 from noncoronary sinus; Among 17, 12 ruptured into right ventricle, and one from noncoronary sinus into right atrium. 5. Surgical correction was performed by means of direct suture closure with combined pledget or patch graft after aneurysm resection, and associated lesions were also corrected simultaneously. 6. There was only one case of operative mortality, and all the other patients were relatively uneventful in their follow-up studies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.488-500
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• 1990

Author compared the effect of surgical methods between 40 patients who received mitral valve replacement with complete excision of the mitral valve[resected group] and 41 patients who received mitral valve replacement with preservation of posterior chorda tendineae and posterior mitral leaflet[preserved group] from 1985. 2. to 1989. 4. at cardiothoracic department of Pusan National University Hospital.v 1. There was no significant difference between the preserved group and resected group in cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross clamping time and NYHA classification. 2. In preserved group of Mitral stenosis and Mitral regurgitation, the left ventricular functions were much improved after mitral valve replacement than resected group, but there was not so difference between the preserved group and reserved group in Mitral steno-regurgitation. 3. There were remarkable decrease in complication rate in preserved group compared to resected group. And also the death rates were remarkably decreased in preserved group which was 4.9% compared to resected group which was 17.5%. As the preservation of the posterior mitral leaflet and chorda tendineae during mitral valve replacement in mitral valve disease showed significantly improved effects in the maintaining of left ventricular function and reducing the postoperative complication, I assume the preservation of posterior mitral leaflet and chordae during mitral valve replacement will bring better result.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of learning desire in the health education of military drill curriculum and to furnish basic data for the effective health education at high school. A total of 594 high school students were participated in the questionnaires and the 12 domains & the 55 questions were utilized for this study. The survey was conducted from March 15 to March 27, 1993 and the collected date were analized by T-test and F-test. The results of this study are as followings : 1. In the 12 domains, respondents indicated high degree of learning desire in 'human & sex', 'nutrition' and 'disease of adult' in that order. However 'accident & disaster', 'transport & management' and 'nursing' were not highly ranked. 2. In the 55 questions, respondents showed high degree of learning desire in 'artificial respiration' & 'cardiopulmonary resuscitation', 'precautionary of adult disease' and 'sex & sex moral' in that order, but low degree of learning desire in 'the management of many wounded persons' and the 'synopsis of nursing'. 3. Comparing the degree of learning desire by grade, the 1st, the 3rd and the End grade were ranked in that order. The 1st and 3rd graders showed higher degree of learning desire in 'human & sex', and the 2nd graders in 'nutrition'. 4. Also, female students showed higher degree of learning desire than male students in general. Female students indicated it in 'nutrition', 'human & sex' and 'adult disease' in that order while male students in 'human & sex', 'adult disease' and 'nutrition' in that order. 5. The academic high school students showed higher degree of learning desire than the vocational high school students. 'Human & sex' was highest ranked at both academic and vocational high school students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.317-325
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• 2017

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an important treatment modality in pediatric patients with cardiopulmonary failure, but few studies have been conducted in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients younger than 18 years who were placed on ECMO between January 2004 and December 2014 at Samsung Medical Center. Results: We identified 116 children on ECMO support. The overall rate of successful weaning was 51.7%, and the survival to discharge rate was 37.1%. There were 39, 61, and 16 patients on ECMO for respiratory, cardiac, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, respectively. The weaning rate in each group was 48.7%, 55.7%, and 43.8%, respectively. The survival rate was 43.6%, 36.1%, and 25.0%, respectively. Sixteen patients on ECMO had functional single ventricle physiology; in this group, the weaning rate was 43.8% and the survival rate was 31.3%. Ten patients were on ECMO as a bridge to transplantation (8 for heart and 2 for lung). In patients with heart transplantation, the rate of survival to transplantation was 50.0%, and the overall rate of survival to discharge was 37.5%. Conclusion: An increasing trend in pediatric ECMO utilization was observed. The outcomes were favorable considering the early experiences that were included in this study and the limited supply of specialized equipment for pediatric patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 1993

A total of 40 patients having a diagnosis of atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease were analysed on the operative outcomes according to variables as follows: 1) preoperative risk factors such as age, sex, CCS (Canadian Cardiovascular Society) functional class, type of angina, number of diseased vessel, presence of left main coronary artery stenosis, previous history of habitual smoking and presence of other medical diseases (diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension), 2) preoperative management such as intravenous infusion of nitroglycerine, preoperative IABP (intra-aortic balloon pump) support and whether the operation was scheduled as emergency or not, 3) intraoperative variables such as infusion method and composition of cardioplegic solutions, number of distal anastomosis, use of internal mammary artery, total cardiopulmonary bypass time and total cross clamp time. Complications included operative death in 12.5％, perioperative myocardial infarction in 25.0％ and perioperative arrhythmia in 17.5％. Nineteen perioperative variables were analyzed to identify risk factors for these end points. For operative death, presence of left main coronary artery stenosis (p = 0.056) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (p = 0.029) were significant in the univariate analysis, but presence of left main coronary artery lesion (p = 0.011, $\chi$$^2$= 6.45) and abscence of preoperative of IABP support (p = 0.069, $\chi$$^2$ = 3.30) were independent predictor in multivariate analysis (stepwise linear logistic regression).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.220-224
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of long-term exercise program on exercise capacity and cognitive function (MMSE) in male patients with dementia. 24 male patients were divided into two experimental groups : the exercise group (n=12) and the control group (n=12). The exercise group participated in regular exercise program for 12 months, and their exercise capacity (cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, balance, agility) and MMSE (Mini-mental state examination) levels were evaluated at baseline (pre), after 6 months (mid) and after 12 months (post). The subjects carried on group-exercise of $VO_{2}max\;30\~60\%$, $30\~60$ minute a day, $2\~3$ times per week. Statistical techniques for data analysis was paired samples t-test. The level of statistical significance was ${\le}.05.$ The results of this study were summarized as follows: In the exercise group, there were significant differences in cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, muscular endurance and MMSE at the times of pre & mid and pre & post, there were significant differences in balance and agility at the time of pre & post only, whereas there was no significant difference in flexibility following the long-term exercise. In the control group, there were no significant differences in all the times. Based on the results of this particular study, one year exercise program increases on the cognitive function & exercise capacity in male patients with dementia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.693-701
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• 1992

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB] has been associated with a wide variety of hematologic derangements, including a transient deformation and hemolysis of red blood cells[RBCs], which is supposed to be due to mechanical trauma and/or metabolic alterations. Since membrane integrity is, in part, maintained by energy requiring process, inadequate function of erythrocyte glycolytic pathway, which is inevitalble during CPB, may cause depletion of high energy phosphate pool and result in hemolysis. The authors performed an investigation to assess whether administration of Fructose-l, 6-diphsphate [FDP], which has been known to enhance intracellular glycolytic activities, could counteract erythrocyte hemolytic events caused by CPB. Sixty pateints with cyanotic congenital heart diseases, who underwent open heart surgery under CPB longer than 60 minutes, were randomly divided into two groups depending on whether use of FDP[Group FDP] or not[Group Control]. The age, sex, CPB time, preoperative hemoglobin level, disease entities were all similar[Table 1], and membrane type oxygenators were used in all patients. In Group, FDP, a dose of 250mg/kg body weight of FDP was administered by intravenous dripping every 12 hours from the morning of the operation to postoperative 48 hours, To demonstrate the degree and pattern of hemolysis of erythrocyte, reticulocyte count, indirect /direct bilirubin, haptoglobin, plasma hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase were measured every 12 hours from the time of cessation of CPB to 48 hours and RBC morphologic study, osmotic fragility test were done every 24 hours. All parameters revealed less hemolytic in group FDP [Fig. 1~5], though the differences between two groups were not significant, except plasma hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase changes. A pattern of sequential changes of plasma hemoglobin, lactate deh-ydrogenase showed the highest level at the time of CPB stop and abrupt decrease in following 24 hours in both groups, and statistically significant differences were demonstrated in group FDP at least for the first 12 hours postoperatively[p<0.05]. The authors conclude that they can expect the benificial effect of FDP on the maintenance of membrane stability of RBC probably by energy enhancement during the shock status of CPB, but FDP could not completely prevent the damaging effect on RBC by cardiopulmonary bypass