• Title/Summary/Keyword: Carcinoma, squamous cell

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Recombinant Azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells

  • Kim, Uk-Kyu;Jeon, Hyun-Jun;Lee, Moo-Hyung;Kim, Gyoo-Cheon
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2010
  • The use of bacteria in the treatment of cancer has a long and interesting history. The use of live bacteria in this way however has a number of potential problems including toxicity. Purified low molecular weight bacterial proteins have therefore been tested as anticancer agents to avoid such complications. Oral cancer is a widely occurring disease around the world and these lesions are typically very resistant to anticancer agents. In our present study we investigated the effects of purified recombinant azurin from Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa against YD-9 (p53-positive) human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Azurin showed cytotoxic effects against these cells in a dose dependent manner. The cell death accompanied by this treatment was found to be characterized by chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies. Azurin treatment was further found to increase the expression of p53 The stabilization of p53 and induction of apoptosis in YD-9 cells by azurin suggests that it has potentially very strong anticancer properties in oral squamous carcinoma.

Efficacy and Safety of Pemetrexed in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (진행성 비소세포폐암 환자에서 Pemetrexed의 효과와 안전성)

  • Lee, Gyu Jin;Jung, Mann Hong;Jang, Tae Won;Ok, Chul Ho;Jung, Hyun Joo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.67 no.2
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 2009
  • Background: Pemetrexed has been prescribed newly as a second line chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aim of study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed in advanced NSCLC. Methods: Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC were evaluated from June 2006 to December 2008. The patients had relapsed or progressed after prior chemotherapy treatment. They were treated with intravenous pemetrexed $500mg/m^2$ for 10 min on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Results: A total of 89 patients were eligible for analysis. The response rate and disease control rate were 11% and 66%. Non-squamous cell carcinoma histology was significantly associated with a superior response rate (p=0.035) and disease control rate (p=0.009) than squamous cell carcinoma histology. The median survival time was 13 months and the median progression free survival time was 2.3 months. The median survival time of patients with ECOG PS 0~1 was 13.2 months, whereas median survival time was 11.6 months for patients with PS 2 (p=0.002). The median progression free survival time of patients with PS 0~1 were 3.8 months, but 2.1 months for patients with PS 2 (p=0.016). The median progression free survival time of smokers with non-squamous cell carcinoma was 3.4 months, which was significant (p=0.014). Grade 3~4 neutropenia were seen in 7.9% patients. Conclusion: Pemetrexed has efficacy in patients who had prior chemotherapy with advanced NSCLC and less hematologic toxicity.

Distribution of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Facial Esthetic Unit

  • Choi, Jung Hun;Kim, Young Joon;Kim, Hoon;Nam, Sang Hyun;Choi, Young Woong
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.387-391
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    • 2013
  • Background The most common cutaneous malignant masses are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma. The predominant site of a malignant mass is the face, which has many opportunities to be exposed to ultraviolet radiation. However the predilection sites of malignant masses have been equivocal due to the use of general regions, rather than anatomical landmarks, in surveys. A facial esthetic unit is an anatomical site classified as an area of similar facial contour characteristics that can be distinguished from other areas. The purpose of this study is to determine widely accepted anatomical landmarks using the esthetic unit. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 cases of malignant masses in our clinic from January 2005 to October 2012. We evaluated the patients' age, gender, and predilection site of the malignant mass by esthetic unit through pathology, medical records and patient photographs. We mapped the occurrence site of the malignant mass on schematic drawings of the esthetic units. Results Most of the malignant masses were BCC. The ratio of males to females was 1:1.41. The frequent predilection site of a malignant mass was on the nasal unit (33.1%), followed by the buccal unit (11.0%). Primary closure was the most common method of repairing a surgical defect (38.9%), followed by a local flap (35.5%). Conclusions This review described the relationship between clinical characteristics and esthetic units by proposing objective predilection sites for malignant masses, which can be used commonly as a framework in the study of malignant masses by unifying equivocal occurrence sites.

P16INK4a Immunostaining but Lack of Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma: a Report from West Iran

  • Ramezani, Mazaher;Abdali, Elham;Khazaei, Sedigheh;Vaisi-Raygani, Asad;Sadeghi, Masoud
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.1093-1096
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    • 2016
  • The tumor suppressor p16 is a biomarker for transforming human papilloma virus (HPV) infections that can lead to contradictory results in skin carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate p16 expression and HPV-16 infection in the cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This case-control study was performed on paraffin blocks of BCCs and SCCs and normal skin (53, 36, and 44 cases, respectively), between 2006 to 2015. Initial sections for groups were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Immunohistochemistry was performed for p16 expression and human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) infection. Normal group was skin of mammoplasty specimens and normal skin tissue in the periphery of tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.1, 61.7 and 71.4 years for normal, BCC and SCC groups, respectively. P16 positivity was more in SCC and BCC groups compared to normal group (P<0.05) and HPV was negative in all patients in three groups. Also, the mean age at diagnosis and P16-positivity were higher for the SCC group than the BCC group (P<0.005). In conclusion, in non-melanoma skin cancers (SCC and BCC), p16-positivity can be a prognostic factor but there is no correlation between HPV-16 and p16 in these tumors.

Gingival Squamous Carcinoma with Metastatic Lymph Node Involvement of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

  • Kim, Ju-Won;Lee, Chang-Youn;Oh, Seung-Min;Yang, Byung-Eun;Kim, Jwa-Young;Song, Yun-Jung;Ahn, Kang-Min;Park, Joo-Yong
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.276-279
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    • 2012
  • The development of multiple primary tumors is a problem leading to the treatment of patients diagnosed with gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The occurrence of multiple primary cancers in patients with SCC of the head and neck is uncommon. Thyroid carcinomas have been found incidentally in the cervical lymph nodes after histopathologic examination. A 72-year-old male with SCC of the lower gingiva at the clinical stage T2N0M0 was treated with partial mandibulectomy and selective neck dissection. Histopathologic examination showed the foci of papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis. The patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy. We report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with SCC of the oral gingiva along with a review of literatures.

CORRELATION BETWEEN P53, PCNA AND KI-67 EXPRESSION IN HEAD NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (두경부 편평상피세포암의 p53단백과 PCNA 및 Ki-67의 발현양상)

  • Lee, Eun-Jin;Lee, Sang-Han;Sohn, Yoon-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.142-149
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    • 2001
  • To investigate the correlation between the clinical features and the expression of p53, PCNA, and Ki-67 of the head neck squamous cell carcinoma, immunohistochemicalstaining of p53, PCNA, and Ki-67 on the paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 116 surgically removed specimens were done. The staining intensity was divided as grade 1 to grade 3 and the results were statistically analysed. 1. The positive reation rates of cell proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki-67) were higher than that of p53. There was significant correlations of the PCNA and Ki-67 expression but there was no significant correlations between p53 and PCNA or p53 and Ki-67. 2. There were no significant correlation between the expression of p53, PCNA and Ki-67 and tumor site or tumor size. 3. There was no significant differences in the positive response according to the nodal status. The node metastasis groups revealed that higher proportion of grade 3 staining of PCNA and Ki-67 than node negative group. From the above results it is concluded that p53 and cell proliferation markers PCNA and Ki-67 might have their unique mechanism involving in the growing and progression of tumor. Overexpression of p53 does not appear to represent an independent prognostic marker in head neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MISTLETOE EXTRACT-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (구강편평세포암종에서 미슬토 추출물의 Apoptosis 유도 효과에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Heo, Gyun-Haeng;Lee, Jae-Hoon;Kim, Chul-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2005
  • This study was performed to investigate mistletoe extract-induced apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. In vivo study, HN22 cells were xenografted in nude mice. After tumor was experimentally induced, mistletoe extract was directly injected on the tumor mass. The specimens were evaluated using light and transmission electron microscopes. In vitro study, HN22 cells were cultured and exposed to mistletoe extract. The cells were evaluated using transmissin electron microscope. To evaluate apoptotic cells, flow cytometric analysis was done. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Light microscopic view of tumor mass showed necrosis at 2-4 weeks. 2. Transmission electron micrographs of tumor mass showed apoptosis and necrosis. 3. In TEM view of cell lines, necrosis and apoptosis were shown with mistletoe extract at $300{\mu}g/ml$, apoptosis was shown with mistletoe extract at $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4. In flow cytometric analysis, early and late apoptosis was shown when using caspase-3Ab and annexin-V, but no significant change was noted when using mebstain and Apo2.7 Ab. In this study, mistletoe extract induced necrosis and apoptosis in the tumor mass was induced by HN22 cells, early and late apoptosis in vitro study. Mistletoe extract was likely to induce cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma through apoptosis.

Impact of methylation of the $p16^{INK4a}$ gene on the prognosis ofhead and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

  • Lee, Eui-Hoon;Hwang, Dae-Seok;Shin, Sang-Hun;Kim, Uk-Kyu;Chung, In-Kyo;Kim, Yong-Deok
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: The inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene $p16^{INK4a}$ plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. The p16 gene is involved in the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase/retinoblastoma (Rb) gene pathway of cell cycle control. The p16 protein is considered a negative regulator of this pathway. The p16 gene encodes an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 which regulate the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene and G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle. However, the p16 gene can lose its functionality through point mutations, loss of heterozygosity or methylation of its promoter region. Materials and Methods: In this study, the authors analyzed the correlation between various clinicopathological findings- patient age, gender and smoking, disease recurrence, tumor size, stage, and differentiation- and p16 protein expression or p16 promoter hypermethylation in 59 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Results: The results revealed p16 protein expression and p16 promoter hypermethylation in 28 cases (47.5%) and 21 cases (35.6%), respectively, of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, neither p16 protein expression nor p16 promoter hypermethylation had any statistical influence on clinicopathological findings or survival rate. Conclusion: This data, and a review of the literature, suggest that p16 promoter hypermethylation cannot yet be used as an independent prognostic factor influencing carcinogenesis, but must be considered as an important factor along with other genetic alterations affecting the pRb pathway.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Pere David Deer (사불상에서 자연발생한 편평상피암)

  • Woo, Gye-Hyeong;Seo, Il-Bok;Kim, Jae-Hoon;Kweon, Oh-Kyeong;Shin, Nam-Sik;Kwon, Soo-Wahn;Kim, Dae-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 1999
  • Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was described in two female Pere David's deer reared at Everland zoo. Both deer with chronic emaciation had the mass on right maxilla(9$\times$11$\times$15cm or 20$\times$17cm) which was composed of miliary tan creamy contents and encapsulated by connective tissue. The undulating contents in the mass was a1so extended in the underlying or adjacent soft palate, maxillary and frontal sinus causing severe bone destruction. In one deer, two fistula were also noted in the right periocular area. Histologically, the neoplastic masses of both deer consist of anastomosing cords or nests of squamous epithelial cells with intercellular bridge or keratin pearl formation. The neoplastic cells invade deep into the subcutis and bony tissue. Mitotic figure was rare. Multifocal areas of necrosis and hemorrhages were also noted in the dermis. Metastasis to maxilla and ethmoid bones and/or to submandibular lymph node was noted in both cases. The diagnosis was based on the results of histopathology.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an African Pigmy Hedgehog (Atelerix Albiventris) (아프리카 피그미 고슴도치에서 발생한 편평상피세포암종)

  • Kim, Wan-Hee;Kim, Bang-Hyun;Park, Woo-Ram;Chang, Dong-Woo;Jeong, Seong-Mok;Yoon, Jung-Hee;Kim, Dae-Yong;Nam, Tchi-Chou
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-4
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    • 2001
  • Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in a 4.5-year-old male African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). The patient was referred to Seoul National University, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital after 5 days history of left eye exophthalmos and corneal trauma. He had enlarged upper and lower jaw at the left part of the face and endophthalmitis of the left eye. On radiographic examinations, loss of bone density at the left zygomatic arch and sun-burst type periosteal reaction of left mandible with decreased bone density was noted. Histologically, the neoplastic mass consisted of markedly invasive, cords of nests of squamous epithelial cells. Intercellular bridges and keratin pearl formation were also noted.

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