• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2019

본 시험은 사료용 벼 위주 TMR 사료의 급여가 가축 생산성과 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 "영우" 품종을 황숙기에 수확하고 60일동안 저장하면서 사일리지 발효를 시켰다. 조단백질, ADF, NDF, IVDMD, TDN 및 RFV 함량은 각각 8.4 %, 28.0 %, 53.8 %, 72.4 %, 66.8 % 및 116이었다. 사일리지 품질에서 pH는 4.37이었고 젖산 함량은 DM에서 2.84 % 이었으며, 낙산함량(0.04 %)이 낮아 Clostridia에 의한 불량발효가 억제되었다. 총 16두의 거세한우(평균 8개월령)를 대조군(시중 판매 TMR 사료 급여군)과 WCR-TMR 급여군(사료용 벼 위주 TMR 사료 급여군)으로 나누고 30개월까지 사양시험을 수행하였다. WCR-TMR 급여군의 성장단계별 사료에는 사료용 벼 사일리지가 13~15% 정도 배합되었다. TMR 사료의 급여는 육성기(개시 ~ 14 개월), 비육 전기(15 개월 ~ 21 개월) 및 비육 후기(22 개월 ~ 30 개월)로 나누어 급여하였다. 체중에 있어서 대조군은 비육전기까지 높았지만 비육 후기 이후에는 WCR-TMR 급여군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 일당증체량은 WCR-TMR 급여군이 비육 후기를 제외하고 매 생육단계에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(0.66 vs 0.78 kg/두/일). 고기 특성에 있어서 출하체중과 도체중은 WCR-TMR 급여구에서 높게 나타났으나 등지방두께(11.75 vs 13.00 mm), 등심단면적(88.00 vs $89.88cm^2$) 및 육량지수(65.87 vs 64.30)에서는 두 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 육량등급도 차이가 나타나지 않았다(A : B : C = 2 : 4 : 2). 한편 육질의 특성에서 근내 지방도(4.00 vs 4.13), 육색(4.75 vs 4.75), 지방색(3.13 vs 2.88), 조직감(1.25 vs 1.50) 및 성숙도(2.00 vs 2.00)는 두 그룹간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 육질등급에서도 두 그룹 모두 $1^{{+}{+}}:1^+:1:2:3=0:2:4:2:0$로 나타났다. 평균 출하가격은 WCR-TMR 급여군에서 높게 나타났으며 평균 두당 353,550원이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 사료용 벼 위주 TMR의 급여는 가축 생산성 측면에서 도체중과 일당증체에서 기존의 TMR 보다 우수하였다. 따라서 사료용 벼의 이용은 수입 조사료 대체와 정부의 쌀 생산 조정정책에 꼭 필요한 선택이라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.827-838
• /
• 2006

본 시험은 사료중의 비타민 E 수준이 한우 거세우의 도체특성과 쇠고기중의 비타민 E 함량 및 지방산화에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 처리구는 하루 한 마리당 비타민 E를 200, 1,000, 2,000 및 2,500 IU를 급여하는 4개 구를 두고 비육후기 출하 전 90일 동안 시험사료를 급여하였고, 한 처리 당 한우 거세우를 10두씩 배치하였다. 비타민 E는 a(alpha)-tocopheryl acetate(Rovimix E-50 SD, Roche Vitamins Co., France)를 사용하였다. 사양시험 종료직후 도체등급판정을 받았고, 도체 배최장근 중의 비타민 E 함량, 지방산 조성 및 TBARS를 측정하였다.등지방은 비타민 E 급여구가 대조구 보다 얇았고, 지방색은 비타민 E 급여구가 대조구 보다 더 백색화 되었다. 배최장근 단면적과 육량등급은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 근내지방도와 육질등급은 비타민 E 1,000 IU와 2,000 IU 구가 다른 처리구보다 높았다. 도체 배최장근중의 비타민 E 함량은 비타민 E 급여수준이 높아질수록 높아졌다. 배최장근 중의 지방산 함량 중에서 oleic acid 과 linoleic acid 함량은 사료중의 비타민 E 수준에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나, linolenic acid와 arachidonic acid 함량은 비타민 E 급여구가 대조구보다 낮았다.지방산패도는 저장 5일째까지는 비타민 E 수준에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나 저장 7일째부터는 비타민 E 급여구가 대조구보다 지방의 산패도가 지연되었다. 그러므로 본 시험결과에 의하면 한우 거세우에게 하루 한 마리당 비타민 E를 1,000 또는 2,000 IU를 급여하는 것이 육질등급 및 도체중의 비타민 E 함량 높이고 도체의 지방산패도를 지연시키는데 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.952-959
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate growth, behavior and carcass traits of fattening Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) steers managed in different group sizes. A total of 48 animals, 6 months of age, were allocated to one of three group sizes and the experiment was conducted from 12 to 30 months of age. Groups were balanced for weight and the group sizes consisted of 4, 8, or 12 steers which were named 4sG, 8sG and 12sG, respectively. When animals were 12 months of age, initial fasted body weight (BW, $304.51{\pm}12.40\;kg$) was measured. All animals were housed at a constant space allowance of $8.82\;m^2$ per animal, and a feeder and drinker were provided per 4 animals. The whole fattening stage was divided into three phases: phase I (from 12 to 18 month of age), phase II (from 19 to 24 month of age), and phase III (from 25 to 30 month of age). Steers managed in 12sG showed low (p<0.05) growth rate and feed conversion rate (FCR) in phase I and phase II when compared to other treatment groups. However, this difference was not observed for the whole fattening phase (p>0.05). Steers managed in 4sG had a thick (p<0.05) ultrasound back fat thickness at 15 and 18 months of age. However, group size had no effect on meat yield and quality traits of area and marbling score. Animals managed in 8sG yielded a better meat grade of "A" than the "B" grade in other treatment group sizes. Lean color, fat color, firmness and maturity scores did not differ among group sizes. Hanwoo steers housed under 12sG spent less time on eating concentrate, relevant higher eating rate, less frequency of allogrooming, and more time on walking (p<0.05). It could be concluded that a large group size retarded growth rate and back fat thickness in the fattening stage, which was mainly focused on 15 and 18 months of age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.414-419
• /
• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) supplementation on carcass and meat qualities of pig m. longissimus during chiller ageing. One hundred and twenty-two LYD (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were sampled from an industrial population. Seventy-four pigs (32 gilts and 42 barrows) were administered 3 ml of dietary supplementation of CAFC per day from 25 to 70 days of age, while the remaining 48 pigs (20 gilts and 28 barrows) were fed the same commercial feeding regime without the supplementation. For assessing the dietary effects on pH, objective meat color, cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and fatty acid composition during ageing, 20 barrows (10 of each treatment) were randomly sampled, and aged for 3, 7, 12, 16, 20 and 25 days in a $1^{\circ}C$ chiller. The results showed that CAFC-fed pigs required approximately 10 fewer feeding days than the control group. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in greatly higher carcass grade whereby the grade A was increased by approximately 35% and 7% for gilts and barrows, respectively. The treatment had no significant effect (p>0.05) on pH, meat color and WHC during ageing. On the other hand, the CAFC-fed pigs showed significantly (p<0.05) lower TBARS values from 20 days of storage. In addition, the sum of unsaturated fatty acids for the treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for the control group after the storage time. This implied that CAFC supplementation could reduce the formation of free radicals in fatty acids (i.e., lipid oxidation). The treatment also significantly (p<0.05) retarded VBN formation during ageing, indicating a significant reduction in protein degradation. However, as there was no difference in pH between the two groups, the result raised a possibility that antibacterial activity of the CAFC alone could cause reduction in the formation of TBARS and VBN. In this regard, although the treatment effectively slowed down the formation of TBARS and TBA during chiller ageing, it was not resolved whether that was associated with the direct effect of the antioxidant function of chitosan and/or alginate, or a consequence of their antibacterial functions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.447-456
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of energy level of concentrate feed in finishing Hanwoo steers for 6 months before slaughter. Feeding trial was done with 2 treatment groups, IDN72 (72% of TDN in concentrate) and TDN74 (74 % of TDN in concentrate). The body weight (from 19 to 24 months) tended to be higher in TDN74 than in TDN72, but was not significant. Average daily gain of TDN74 was higher by 4.4 % in comparison to TDN72. There was no significant differences in concentrate, dry matter and TDN intake per I kg body weight gain between TDN72 and TDN74. And there was a tendency to improve crude protein intake per I kg body weight gain by increasing TDN content from 72 to 74 %. The dressing percentage tended to be higher in TDN74 than in TDN72, but was not significant. Salable meat percentage tended to be lower in TDN74 than in TDN72 because of higher body fat percentage in TDN74 than in TDN72. There were no significant differences in marbling score, meat color, fat color, carcass weight, rib-eye area and back fat thickness between TDN72 and TDN74. Significant differences were not found in shear value, cooking loss, water holding capacity or moisture and protein contents of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles between TDN72 and TDN74. Fat content of LD muscles tend to be lower in TDN74 than in IDN72 but without any significance. There was a tendency to improve juiciness and taste by feeding IDN74 rather than TDN72. Especially, tenderness of TDN74 was increased by 7.4% in comparison to TDN72 (p < 0.05). Gross income from TDN74 was higher than TDN72 by 5% The results suggested that significant differences were not found in growth performance, feed conversion and carcass characteristics between TDN72 and TDN74. The results also show that more studies are required to clarify the energy level for finishing Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.839-848
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 인진쑥의 건조 분말을 육성기－비육기의 거세돈 및 암퇘지(LY×D)의 평균체중이 50.37kg일 때부터 출하시까지 90일간 처리하였을 때 도체특성, 일반성분, 콜레스테롤 함량, 육질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 일반사료에 인진쑥 분말을 급여사료 기준으로 C(0%), T1(0.5%), T2(1.0%), T3(1.5%) 처리하였다. 도체중의 경우 T2 및 T3의 증체량이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), 등지방 두께 및 도체 등급의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수분, 지방, 회분, 콜레스테롤 함량은 시험구간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나(p>0.05), T2 및 T3의 단백질 함량이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). pH, WHC, 가열감량신선육 및 지방의 전단가의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 육색 및 지방의 백색도(CIE L*)는 T2 및 T3가 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.01), 육색 및 지방의 적색도(CIE a*) 및 황색도(CIE b*)가 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며(p>0.05), 전단가의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 유기사료 급여가 거세한우의 성장 및 도체 특성을 구명하고자 거세한우 30두에 대한 사양시험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1, 거세한우에 대한 유기 조사료 및 농후사료 급여 시 관행구에 비해 유기구의 발육성적은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 사양시험 종료 체중이 유기구의 T1 및 T2의 581.5kg 및 573.3kg으로 관행 597.5kg에 비해 $2.7{\sim}4.1%$ 감소하였다. 2. 일당증체량에 있어서는 유기구인 T1 및 T2의 0.80 및 0.78kg에 비해 관행구는 0.83kg으로 통계적인 유의차는 인정되지 않았으나 대조구에 비해 일당증체량이 $3.6{\sim}6.0%$ 감소되었다. 3. 도체등급에 있어서 1등급이상 출현율은 관행구 T1이 50%이었고 유기구인 T2 및 T3이 각각 50% 및 70%이었다. 4. 등심부위에 대한 관능검사 결과 다즙성, 연도, 향미는 관행과 유기구간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 실험결과를 종합해 볼 때 유기건초 및 유기 옥수수사일리지 위주의 양질 조사료 사육과 볏짚 위주의 일반 관행사육 간에 성장 및 도체특성에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 양질 조사료를 급여한 유기구에서 근내지방도가 개선되는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.860-869
• /
• 2016

This study was a report on 60 heads of Hanwoo steers(5 treatments ${\times}$ 4 heads ${\times}$ 3 repeats). Their start weights were $361.2{\pm}14.39kg$ to $380.5{\pm}27.33kg$; 12.7 to 13.6 months of age. The aim was to investigate the effect of herbal probiotic supplementation on the weight, blood composition, meat quality and immunity in beef. In case of body weight gain, con. 1 plot(183.8 kg) in the early fattening stage, T3 plot(115.1 kg) in the middle fattening stage, and T2 plot(163.3 kg) in the late fattening stage significantly increased(p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the blood content of T-Cho and IgG: con. 1 plot and T1 plot in the early fattening stage, T3 plot and T2 plots in the middle fattening stage, and con. 2 plot and T1~T3 plots in the late fattening stage had higher blood content than that of other treatment plots (p<0.05). In addition, the carcass weight was highest in the T1 plot and T2 plot among the total treatment plots(p<0.05). However, no statistical significant difference was observed in the different treatments; all individual treatment plots(T1~T3 plots) were somewhat higher than the control plots(con. 1~con. 2 plots) with respect to the carcass quantity and carcass quality. Combining and analyzing all results revealed that the dietary addition of herbal probiotics for Hanwoo steers had a positive effect on the improvement of weight, amount of meat, meat quality and immunity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.812-819
• /
• 2013

Forty two Malpura lambs (21 d old) were divided into three groups of 14 each consisting of 8 females and 6 males. Lambs were allowed to suckle their respective dams twice daily up to weaning (13 wks) and offered free choice concentrate and roughage in a cafeteria system. The lambs in control group were fed conventional concentrate mixture, in RBO group concentrate mixture fortified with 4% industrial grade rice bran oil and in Ca-soap rice bran oil (as in RBO group) was supplemented in the form of calcium soap. The concentrate intake decreased($p{\leq}0.05$) in RBO group as a result total dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake decreased compared to control whereas Ca-soap prepared from the same rice bran oil stimulated the concentrate intake leading to higher total dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes. The digestibility of dry matter ($p{\leq}0.05$), organic matter ($p{\leq}0.05$) and crude protein ($p{\leq}0.05$) was higher in RBO group followed by Ca-soap and control whereas no effect was observed for ether extract digestibility. Higher cholesterol ($p{\leq}0.05$) content was recorded in serum of oil supplemented groups (RBO and Ca-soap) while no effect was recorded for other blood parameters. Rice bran oil as such adversely affected and reduced the body weight gain ($p{\leq}0.001$) of lambs in comparison to control whereas the Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in lambs. Fat supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acids ($p{\leq}0.05$) and individual volatile fatty acid concentration which increased at 4 h post feeding. Fat supplementation also reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) total protozoa count. Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved pre slaughter weight ($p{\leq}0.05$) and hot carcass weight ($p{\leq}0.05$). It is concluded from the study that rice bran oil in the form of calcium soap at 40 g/kg of concentrate improved growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality as compared to rice bran oil as such and control groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.1790-1798
• /
• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) high black rice bran on nutrient digestibility, blood measurements, growth performance and pork quality of pigs. In Exp. I, a total of fifteen pigs (19.91${\pm}$1.80 kg, average initial body weight) were used in assay of nutrient digestibility and blood measurements. All pigs were allotted to 5 treatments with 3 replicates according to a completely randomized design (CRD) in an individual metabolic crate. Treatments included 1) CON: basal diet, 2) BRB-2: basal+brown rice bran 2%, 3) BRB-4: basal+brown rice bran 4%, 4) CRB-2: basal+C3G high black rice bran 2% and 5) CRB-4: basal+C3G high black rice bran 4%. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and crude fiber (CF) was not affected by dietary treatments. Serum triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were not affected by addition of C3G high black rice bran. However, at the end of experiment, pigs fed rice bran showed decreased tendency in total cholesterol concentration. Especially pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed significantly lower total cholesterol concentration compared to pigs fed brown rice bran (p<0.03). There was numerically lower total cholesterol concentration with increasing levels of black rice bran in the diet. In terms of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), there were no significant differences among treatments, even though pigs fed CRB-4 showed the lowest GOT concentration compared to other pigs. In Exp. II, sixteen finishing pigs (average initial body weight 89.96${\pm}$0.35 kg) were divided into 4 treatments to investigate the effect of feeding C3G high black rice bran on growth performance and pork quality. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatments. Pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed numerical decrease in ADG and increase in FCR while not effecting feed intake. There was no significant difference in live weight, carcass weight, carcass rate, backfat thickness and carcass grade. However, pigs fed C3G high black rice bran tended to show lower backfat thickness than pigs fed basal diet. Pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed a tendency of decreased TBA value than pigs fed basal diet, although there was no overall significant difference among treatments. In conclusion, nutrient digestibility, blood measurements, growth performance and pork quality were not significantly affected by feeding C3G high black rice bran to pigs. However, C3G high black rice bran might have an effect on lowering serum total cholesterol and decrease the TBA value in pork compared to control group and these effects might be due to high concentration of antioxidative compounds in C3G high black rice bran.