• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

한우 거세 비육우에 출하 전 163일간 LPLT구(CP 12%, TDN 73%)와 LPHT구(CP : 12%, TDN : 75%), HPHT구(CP : 14%, TDN : 75%)로 배합사료를 급여한 사양시험결과 일당증체량은 LPHT구에 비하여 대조구와 HPHT구가 높은 것으로 조사되어 증체가 많았던 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.05). 사료요구율 역시 LPHT구에 비하여 LPLT구와 HPHT구의 사료이용효율이 좋았던 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.05). 도체율은 영양소의 추가적인 급여가 영향하지 않는 것으로 조사되었으나 수송감량에서는 HPHT구의 수송감량이 대조구와 LPHT구에 비하여 적은 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.05). 등지방두께와 배최장근단면적에서 HPHT구가 유의하게 개선되었으며, 냉도체중 및 육량지수에는 영향하지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 육량등급의 수취에서 등지방두께와 정의 영향을 주는 배최장근단면적이 높았던 HPHT구가 LPLT구와 LPHT구에 비하여 유의하게 개선된 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.05). 육질형질 중 근내지방도는 대조구와 LPHT구에 비하여 HPHT구가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였고 이 영향으로 육질등급의 수취에서도 그대로 반영되어 유의하게 개선된 것으로 조사되었다(P<0.001). 그러나 다른 육질에 영향하는 항목들에서는 대조구와 처리구간의 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 지육경락가격은 LPLT구(17,904원)와 LPHT구(18,094원)에 비하여 HPHT구(18,899원)가 유의하게 수취금액이 높았다(P<0.01). 특히 최종 육질등급 출현율을 살펴보면 1등급이상 출현율에서 대조구는 79.2%로 나타난 반면 LPHT구는 72.7%가 출현되었고 HPHT구는 90.8%의 출현율을 나타내었다. 배최장근단면적의 이화학적 특성 분석에서 대조구와 LPHT구 및 HPHT구에서 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 변화는 없었다. 다만 HPHT구의 조지방함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(P=0.088). 등심 중의 지방산의 조성변화는 포화지방산의 경우 stearic acid 함량이 HPHT구에서 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고, 불포화지방산은 Myristoleic acid 및 oleic acid의 함량이 대조구나 LPHT구에 비하여 HPHT구에서 유의한 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과는 단일불포화 지방산함량 대비 포화지방산의 비율에도 영향을 미친 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서 발육성적에서 HPHT구가 개선되었고 도체등급에서도 HPHT구가 현저히 개선되는 경향을 보였으며, 또한 도체의 지방산조성에서도 영향을 미친 것으로 조사되었다. 다만 한우 거세우에서 수행한 본 연구의 이 같은 발육성적과 도체의 성적을 고찰함에 있어서 비육용 배합사료의 원가 분석과 함께 시판되는 농후사료의 단가체계 등에 대한 고찰이 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2005

Effects of supplemental charcoal powder and vitamin A on growth performance, serum profile and carcass characteristics with 24 Hanwoo steers were inves$\ell$ated. The Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: 1) Control(commercial feed), 2) Tl(commercial feed supplemented with 2% charcoal powder and 0.2 % vitamin A), 3) T2(commercial feed with 2 % charcoal powder). In the age 26 month, body weight of control Tl and T2 were 633.8 kg, 621.0 kg, 619.4 kg, respectively, with not significantly different(P> 0.05). The daily weight gain of control was the highest followed by Tl and T2. The contents of vitamin A(retinol) and total cholesterol in the blood of Tl was higher Tl(56.32 $\ell$ / dt, 163.83 mg/ dz) than the other treatment groups(P < 0.05). The average of WBC value in the blood was 6.86-" 9.83 k / ${\mu}\ell$, RBC value was 7.98 - 11.26 k / ${\mu}\ell$ and blood platelet was 236.7 - 287.0 k / ${\mu}\ell$. But The serum profile in blood was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. The carcass grade and characteristics of all treatments in Hanwoo steers were not significantly different except the texture.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 축산물품질평가원의 돼지도체 등급 세부기준 중 육색등급과 일반적인 기계적 육색측정치와의 상관관계를 알아보기 위한 것인데, 총 538두의 돼지를 도축장에서 도축하여 등급판정 부위인 배최장근(longissimus dorsi)에서 육색등급과 색차계를 이용한 기계적 육색값($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}C$ and H)을 측정하였다. 기계적 육색측정항목은 모두 육색 등급이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었는데 (p<0.05), 특히 명도 $L^*$ value)는 육색 1등급에서 65.23으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 육색 6등급에서는 45.29로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 한편 모든 기계적 육색측정치는 축산물품질평가원 기준 육색등급과 부의 상관관계(p<0.001)를 나타내었는데, 특히 명도는 r-value가 -0.83으로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 기계적 육색측정치는 축산물품질평가원 기준 육색등급과 매우 밀접한 상관관계가 있으며, 특히 명도는 돼지도체의 등급판정과 육색등급판정에 있어서 유용한 참고항목이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.395-408
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• 2023

This study presents a novel method for addressing the issue of high-concentration contaminants (ammonium, phosphate, antibiotics) in leachate arising from decomposing livestock carcasses. Antibiotics, developed to eliminate microorganisms, often have low biodegradability and can persist in the ecosystem. This research proposes design elements to prevent contamination spread from carcass burial sites. The adsorbents used were low-grade charcoal (an industrial by-product), Alum-based Adsorbent (ABA), and Zeolite, a natural substance. These effectively removed the main leachate contaminants: low-grade charcoal for antibiotics (initial concentration 1.05 mg/L, removal rate 73.4%), ABA for phosphate (initial concentration 2.53 mg/L, removal rate 99.9%), and zeolite for ammonium (initial concentration 38.92 mg/L, removal rate 100.0%). The optimal mix ratio for purifying leachate is 1:1:10 of low-grade charcoal, ABA, and zeolite. The average adsorbent usage per burial site was 1,800 kg, costing KRW 2,000,000 per ton. The cost for the minimum leachate volume (about 12.4 m³) per site is KRW 2,880,000, and for the maximum volume (about 19.7 m³) is KRW 4,620,000. These findings contribute to resolving issues related to livestock carcass burial sites and suggest post-management strategies by advocating for the effective use of adsorbents in leachate purification.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2014

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary addition of mineral and sugar on the dry matter intake, daily gain, yield grade and quality grade of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Three diets fed to steers included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw : C) and two treatments diet (control diet + black sugar 100 g + mineral 100 g : T1, and control diet + black sugar 150 g + mineral 50 g : T2). The results are summarized as follows; total feeding intake, body weight gain and daily gain did not show significant differences among the three treatments. Cold carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1). There was no significant difference in yield traits of back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and yield grade among the three treatments (C, T1 and T2). Marbling score showed significantly (p<0.05) higher in order of T2 (5.67) > T1 (4.67) > C (3.67). Meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were no significant difference. Quality grade was higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1), but there was no significant difference. The results show that marbling score and quality grade of Hanwoo can be increased by high dry matter intake with feeding addition of mineral and sugar.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of crossbreeding and gender on the carcass traits and meat quality of Korean Native Black Pig (KNP) and $KNP{\times}Duroc$ crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$). A total of 50 pigs comprising seven KNP barrows, eight KNP gilts, twenty $KNP{\times}D$ barrows and fifteen $KNP{\times}D$ gilts were used in this study. Animals were reared in the same housing condition with same feed diet for six months prior to slaughter. After an overnight chilling, the carcasses were graded, and samples of Musculus longissimus dorsi were obtained for meat quality analysis. The slaughter and carcass weights and dressing percentage of $KNP{\times}D$ were higher (p<0.001) than those of KNP. The slaughter and carcass weights and backfat thickness of barrows were higher (p<0.01) than those of gilts. There were no significant difference in carcass conformation and quality grade between KNP and $KNP{\times}D$ as well as barrow and gilt. Fat content of $KNP{\times}D$ was higher (p<0.001) than that of KNP. Fat content of barrow was higher (p<0.001) than that of gilt. There was interaction between crossbreeding and gender on the fat content. KNP gilt showed higher fat content than KNP barrow whereas $KNP{\times}D$ barrow showed higher fat content than $KNP{\times}D$ gilt. Lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma and hue angle values and color preference of meat of $KNP{\times}D$ were lower (p<0.001) than those of KNP. Redness, yellowness and chroma values of meat of barrow were lower (p<0.05) than those of gilt. It is concluded that crossbreeding KNP with Duroc increases carcass productivity and meat fat but decreases meat color values and preference. Crossbreeding of KNP with Duroc produces a better fat deposition in meat of barrows than in gilts.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2005

The effects of slaughter weight on blood profile and pork qualities of japan berkshires were investigated A total 72 pigs were divided into 3 groups$(125\~130,\;105\~110\;or\;95\~104\;kg)$. At each slaughter weight pigs were conventionally slaughtered and then chilled overnight The carcass characteristics (carcass weight backfat thickness and grades) were determined on those carcass, the muscle longissimus dorsi was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib and meat qualities were evaluated. Blood profile including cortisol, creatine phos-phokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose and phosphorus was not significantly (p>0.05) different among all slaughter weight, However, the calcium contents of pigs at $95\~104\;kg$ were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other weights. The carcass weight and backfat thickness of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ were higher than those of $105\~110\;or\;95\~104\;kg$. The carcass grade of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other weight. The moisture contents of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ were significantly lower than the other weights, but crude protein contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher, Cooking loss and shear lone values of pigs slaughtered at $95\~104\;kg$ were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other weight. CIE $a^*\;and\;b^*$ values of pigs slaughtered at $105\~110\;kg$ were significantly higher than the other weights. These results imply that the carcass characteristics (carcass weight and backfat thickness) could be affected by slaughter weight the cooking loss and shear force values of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ resulted in higher than those of $105\~110kg\;or\;95\~104\;kg$.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2010

There is no investigation has yet been conducted for ACOX1 and CSRP3 gene polymorphisms in Korean cattle (Hanwoo), and their associations with carcass and meat quality traits. In this study, SNPs in ACOX1 and CSRP3 genes were identified and their associations with carcass and meat quality traits were investigated in 227 Hanwoo animals. Two SNPs (g.224G> A and g.19491G>A) in ACOX1 gene and one SNP (g.14859C>T) in CSRP3 gene were identified in Hanwoo and sequence analysis indicated that these SNPs were located in the coding regions. The allele frequencies of ACOX1 g.224G>A and g.19491G>A SNPs were 0.57, 0.43, and 0.56 and 0.44, respectively, For CSRP3 g.14859C>T polymorphism, the C and T allele frequencies were 0.64 and 0.36, respectively. The Hanwoo cattle were used to detect PCR-RFLP patterns for estimating the allele frequencies. Single marker association analyses were performed between genotype of each SNP, and carcass and meat quality association traits to evaluate the relationships in Hanwoo. The g.224G>A SNP genotypes of ACOX1 gene, which was significantly associated with meat quantity grade at slaughter (P<0.03) and backfat thickness tended to be greater (P=0.06) in Hanwoo. The previously identified g.14859C>T SNP was used in this study and the obtained genotype and allele frequencies are almost similar with the previous results reported by Bhuiyan et al. (2007). However, no significant association was found between g.19491G>A SNP in the ACOX1 and g.14859C>T SNP genotypes of CSRP3 gene and considered carcass and meat quality traits. In conclusion, the information on the identified SNPs in CSRP3 and ACOX1 genes could be useful for further association study and haplotype analysis for the development of carcass and meat quality traits in Hanwoo.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2010

A total of 582 gilts and barrows were analyzed to investigate the regressive relationships to slaughter weight (SW) of variables related to production efficiency and pork quality. Average initial weights and SW were 88.6 and 122.5 kg, respectively, for gilts and 88.7 and 121.4 kg, respectively, for barrows. Average daily gain and gain:feed ratio were not affected by SW. Backfat thickness, which was significantly greater (p<0.01) in barrows (23.3 mm) than in gilts (20.7 mm), increased with increasing SW (0.21 mm/kg; p<0.001). When the 4-notch carcass yield and quality grades were quantified according to an arbitrary 1 point-per-1 notch scale, the former, but not the latter, regressed on SW (-0.64/10 kg; p<0.01). The percent yield of the belly per total lean (overall mean=20.7%) increased with increasing SW (0.37%/10 kg; p<0.001), whereas in other cuts, the SW effect was negligible. The redness of the loin also increased with increasing SW (p<0.05), but other physicochemical characteristics were minimally influenced by SW. In sensory evaluation, effects of SW for fresh and cooked loin, ham, and belly were mostly considered insignificant in terms of quality, albeit statistically significant in several cases. However, positive regressions on SW (p<0.01) of the marbling and acceptability scores of fresh loin as well as the fat:lean ratio of fresh belly were noteworthy. Collectively, SW of approximately 125 kg was maximal for both sexes under the current carcass yield grading, in which 94 kg is the upper weight limit for grade A carcass. However, if the carcass weight limit of the grading was to be removed or broadened, the SW for gilts (but not that for barrows because of their excessive fat content at above 125-kg SW) could be increased to 135 kg or greater without compromising carcass quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 1995

Two hundred eighty weaned Targhee lambs were grazed on annual grass-subclover pastures for 84 d under continuous and rotational defoliation grazing system. At the end of the grazing season, twenty lambs weighing 44 kg were slaughtered directly off the pasture, whereas two groups of 20 lambs each were fed either a alfalfa pellet or a 50% alfalfa/50 concentrate pellet for additional 6 wk until they reached an average live weight of 50 kg. Carcass traits and loin chop palatability were compared. Lambs slaughtered directly off the pasture were lighter than desirable market weight and some lambs had less than adequate fat cover and approximately half of them were graded U.S. Good in quality. Overall conformation and leg muscling was inferior and loin chops were less tender, less juicy and less flavorful. The lambs on alfalfa pellets for 6 wk appeared to be ideal in terms of carcass quality (all Choice except one), fat cover and yield grade. They had better taste panel scores in all palatability traits than off-the-pasture lambs, and most loin chops were acceptable. The lambs on a 50% concentrate diet for 6 wk had a higher conformation score and a greater muscling in the legs. Loin chops had more marbling and better palatability than other groups. However, some lambs had an excessive fat cover and lower yield of retail cuts. It was concluded that additional feeding for 6 wk on alfalfa pellets until the live weight reached 50 kg(for Targhee lambs) was the best way of finishing lambs at the end of grazing season in the California rangeland.