• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2012

에너지 생성에 따른 탄소배출문제로 국제 에너지 기구는 세계 주요국의 에너지 효율을 15~30[%]이상 향상시키도록 권고하고 있으며, 국내 에너지 정책 동향도 에너지 절감 및 탄소 배출에 대해 정부에서 인센티브 및 페널티 프로그램을 제고하는 방향으로 가고 있다. 각국의 산업 현장에서 유체 이송용 펌프가 전기에너지의 20[%]를 소비하고 있는 실정으로, 주요 에너지 낭비 요인으로는 장시간 운전에 따른 효율 저하, 부적절한 설계 및 설비 등이 있다. 이러한 낭비를 줄이기 위해 펌프의 효율을 측정하여 펌프의 운전 상태를 진단하고자, 본 논문에서는 열역학적 방법으로 온도와 압력센서만을 활용하여 펌프의 최고 효율점을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 실제 펌프의 효율을 계산하여 펌프제조사에서 제공한 성능곡선과 비교한 결과 유사한 성능곡선을 얻어 그 유효성을 확인하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.102-108
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• 2009

Fossil power plants firing lower grade coals or equipped with modified system for NOx controls are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. In order to develop a on-line combustion tuning system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' $O_2$, NOx and CO was monitored by using a spatially distributed monitoring grid located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule and upper convective back-pass region. At these locations, the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. using these monitored information we can improving combustion at every point within the furnace, therefore the boiler can operate at reduced excess $O_2$ and gas temperature deviation, reduced furnace exit gas temperature levels while also reducing localized hot spots, corrosive gas conditions, slag or clinker formation and UBC. Benefits include improving efficiency, reducing NOx emissions, increasing output and maximizing availability. Discussion concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases is prevalent in the world. When taking a practical approach to addressing this problem, the best way and short-term solution to reduce greenhouse gases on coal-fired power plants is to improve efficiency. From this point of view the real time optimized combustion tuning approach is the most effective and implemented with minimal cost.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Fossil power plants firing lower grade coals or equipped with modified system for $NO_x$ controls are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. In order to develop a on-line combustion tuning system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' $O_2,\;NO_x$ and CO was monitored by using a spatially distributed monitoring grid located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule and upper convective rear pass region. At these locations, the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. using these monitored information we can improving combustion at every point within the furnace, therefore the boiler can operate at reduced excess $O_2$ and gas temperature deviation, reduced furnace exit gas temperature levels while also reducing localized hot spots, corrosive gas conditions, slag or clinker formation and UBC. Benefits include improving efficiency, reducing $NO_x$ emissions, increasing output and maximizing availability. Discussion concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases is prevalent in the world. When taking a practical approach to addressing this problem, the best way and short-term solution to reduce greenhouse gases on coal-fired power plants is to improve efficiency. From this point of view the real time optimized combustion tuning approach is the most effective and implemented with minimal cost.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1998

This study was aimed at development of fabrication process of functionally graded materials(FGM), consisting of metal and ceramic by thermal spraying method. NiCrAIY/$Al_2O_3$ FGM were made by using plasma spraying onto the SS400 carbon steel substrate. And mechanical properties such as microhardness, thermal shock resistance and adhesive strength of the coating layer were investigated. Adhesive strength was evaluated by acoustic emission method. It was resulted that NiCrAIY/$Al_2O_3$ FGM made by thermal spraying method showed excellent thermal shock resistance and adhesive strength compared to the other lamellar structures of sprayed coatings and that AE is useful tool to evaluate the defect of thermal sprayed coating layer.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2003

Fracture behaviors of pipes with local wall thinning are very important for the integrity of nuclear Power Plant. In Pipes of energy Plants, sometimes, the local wall thinning may result from severe erosion-corrosion (E/C) damage. However, the effects of local wall thinning on strength and fracture behaviors of piping system were not well studied. In this paper, the monotonic bending tests were performed of full-scale carbon steel pipes with local wall thinning. A monotonic bending load was applied to straight pipe specimens by four-point loading at ambient temperature without internal pressure. From the tests, fracture behaviors and fracture strength of locally thinned pipe were manifested systematically. The observed failure modes were divided into four types; ovalization. crack initiation/growth after ovalization, local buckling and crack initiation/growth after local buckling. Also, the strength and the allowable limit of piping system with local wall thinning were evaluated.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2011

440A martensitic stainless steels which were modified with reduced carbon content(~0.5%) and addition of small amount of nickel, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum were manufactured. Effects of alloying elements and tempering temperatures on the uniform corrosion in the solution of lN H2S04 were investigated through the electrochemical polarization test. When tempering temperature is constant, corrosion current density in active-passive transition point, Icorr, decreased a little with an increase of austenitizing temperature. In addition to this, when austenitizing temperature is constant, longer holding time showed a little lower Icorr and Ipass, passive current density. And when austenitized at $1050^{\circ}C$ and tempered in a range of $350{\sim}750^{\circ}C$, best anti-corrosion properties were obtained at $350^{\circ}C$ tempering temperature while worst at $450^{\circ}C$ or $550^{\circ}C$. The specimens tempered at below $450^{\circ}C$ and above $550^{\circ}C$, similar and good anti-corrosion characteristics were obtained regardless of alloying elements added, showing anti-corrosion characteristics are influenced more by tempering temperature than by alloying elements.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.999-1022
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• 2016

The use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) to strengthen steel structures has attracted the attention of researchers greatly. Previous studies demonstrated bonding of CFRP plates to the steel sections has been a successful method to increase the mechanical properties. However, the main limitation to popular use of steel/CFRP strengthening system is the concern on durability of bonding between steel and CFRP in various environmental conditions. The paper evaluates the performance of I-section steel beams strengthened with pultruded CFRP plate on the bottom flange after exposure to diverse conditions including natural tropical climate, wet/dry cycles, plain water, salt water and acidic solution. Four-point bending tests were performed at specific intervals and the mechanical properties were compared to the control beam. Besides, the ductility of the strengthened beams and distribution of shear stress in adhesive layer were investigated thoroughly. The study found the adhesive layer was the critical part and the performance of the system related directly to its behavior. The highest strength degradation was observed for the beams immersed in salt water around 18% after 8 months exposure. Besides, the ductility of all strengthened beams increased after exposure. A theoretical procedure was employed to model the degradation of epoxy adhesive.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

The combustion purpose of diesel engine is to reduce the emission of green gas and to produce high output. Generally, the regulation matter of emission gas is largely diveded by 'THC', 'NOx', 'CO' and 'PM'. Among those matters, the most problem is to disgorge into 'PM', the character of diesel combustion. Diesel PM can be controlled using Diesel Particulate Filter, which can effectively reduce the level of soot emissions to ambient background levels. $NO_2$ generated by the DOC is used to combust the carbon collected in the DPF at low temperature. To certificate DPF device that is suitable to domestic circumstances, it is necessary to exactly evaluate the DPF devices according to the regulation of DPF certificate test procedure fur retrofit. To do carry out the above-mentioned description the understanding of that regulation like the standard of PM reduction is needed. In this study the test procedure including test cycle and BPT test condition was examined, and also the test result for specific DPF was analyzed. In every test like field test, PM reduction efficiency test and Seoul-10 mode test, no defect was showed.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2018

알칼리도(alkalinity)는 물의 화학적 특성을 결정하고, 각종 오염물질의 거동에 직간접적인 영향을 주는 중요한 기본 변수이다. 그러나, 적지 않은 실험실과 연구자들이 적절하지 못한 분석법으로 지하수의 알칼리도를 분석하고 있으며, 이것이 불량한 이온균형오차를 야기하는 큰 이유가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 현재까지 보고된 알칼리도분석법들을 조사하고 그 장단점을 분석함으로써, 지하수 알칼리도 분석을 수행하는 실험실이나 분석자들에 도움을 주기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 pH적정곡선의 변곡점으로 알칼리도 적정 종점(end point)를 찾는 방법이 가장 정확도가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 그 중에서도 Gran적정법이 종점까지 적정한 용액의 부피를 정확히 산출하는데 가장 적절한 것으로 조사되었다. 반면, 현재에도 여전히 많이 이용하고 있는 pH지시약을 이용하여 적정하는 방법이나 미리 정해진 pH를 종점으로 하여 적정하는 방법은 묽거나 알칼리도가 낮은 지하수의 분석에는 문제가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 근거리장에서 NFS(near field scanning)를 사용한 차폐효율 평가 방법을 통해 CNT(carbon nanotube) 필름의 차폐 특성을 분석하였다. 차폐 특성 평가는 농도 5%와 1mm의 두께를 가지는 CNT 필름과 실제 IC package를 모사한 테스트쿠폰을 사용하여 CNT 필름과 테스트쿠폰과의 거리에 따른 전자파 차폐효율 및 측정 위치에 따른 차폐효율을 측정하였다. 그 결과 근거리장에서 측정된 차폐효율은 주파수에 따라 차폐효율이 달랐다. 테스트쿠폰의 중심에서 측정된 전기장 차폐효율은 fringing effect의 영향을 받는 패턴경계보다 전기장 차폐효율이 좋은 것으로 측정되었다. 이는 근거리장에서 측정된 차폐효율은 주파수뿐만 아니라 CNT 필름과 측정 프로브의 높이, 측정 위치와 같은 측정 환경에 영향을 받는 것을 보여준다. 결론적으로 근거리장에서 제안된 방법을 사용하여 측정한 차폐효율과 ASTM D 4935-10에 의해 측정된 차폐효율은 연관성을 찾기 어렵기 때문에 전장 시스템의 거리 영역에 따라 적절한 측정 방법을 고려하여 측정해야 한다.