• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2022

As environmental regulations are strengthened, automobile manufacturers continuously research lightweight structures based on carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). However, it is difficult to see the effect of strength reinforcement when using a single CFRP material. To improve this, a hybrid laminate in which CFRP is mixed with the existing body structural steel was proposed. In this paper, CFRP patch reinforcement is applied to each compression/tensile action surface of a 22MnB5 metal sheet, and it was evaluated through a 3-point bending experiment. Progressive failure was observed in similar deflection on bending deformation to each one-sided reinforced specimen. After progressive failure, the tensile reinforced specimen was confirmed to separate the damaged CFRP patch and 22MnB5 sheet from the center of the flexure. The compression reinforced specimen didn't separate that CFRP patch and 22MnB5, and the strength reinforcement behavior was confirmed. In the compression reinforced specimen, damaged CFRP patches were observed at the center of flexure during bending deformation. As a result of checking the specimen of the compression reinforcement specimen with an optical microscope, It is confirmed that the damaged CFRP patch and the reinforced CFRP patch overlapped, resulting in a concentrated load. Through the experimental results, the 22MnB5 strength reinforcement characteristics according to the reinforcement position of the CFRP patch were confirmed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.459-467
• /
• 2016

Using a line scan camera and a Galvano mirror, we constructed a high-speed line-scanning microscope that can generate 2D images ($8000{\times}8000pixels$) without any moving parts. The line scanner consists of a Galvano mirror and a cylindrical lens, which creates a line focus that sweeps over the sample. The measured resolutions in the x (perpendicular to line focus) and y (parallel to line focus) directions are both $2{\mu}m$, with a 2X scan lens and a 3X relay lens. This optical system is useful for measuring defects, such as spalling, chipping, delamination, etc., on the surface of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) holes after machining in conjunction with adjustments in the angle of LED lighting. Defects on the inner wall of holes are measured by line confocal laser scanning. This confocal method will be useful for analyzing defects after CFRP machining and for fast 3D image reconstruction.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2017

In this study, a seat cross member was fabricated by optimizing the resin transfer molding processing of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) materials. This seat cross member is used in automotive underbody parts and provides side impact support. The seat cross was manufactured via vacuum resin transfer molding. The process included 1min of resin injection, 8 mins of heating, and 1 min of cooling, for a total molding time of 10mins. Tensile test results showed an average breaking load of 21.50kN, a tensile strength of 404 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 46.2 GPa. As a result, the CFRP seat cross provides the same strength as a similar steel part, but weighs 42% less.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2011

Ultimate goals in vehicle design can be summarized as environment-friendliness and safety. Along with these requirements, the importance of natural environment conservation has been focused lately. Therefore, reduced emission from vehicle and improved efficiency has become the top priority projects throughout the world. CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) of the advanced composite materials as structure materials for vehicles, has a widely application in lightweight structural materials of air planes, ships and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness. This study is to investigate the energy absorption characteristics of CFRP hat-shaped section members under the axial impact collapse test. The CFRP hat-shaped section members which manufactured from unidirectional prepreg sheets were made of 8plies. The axial impact collapse tests were carried out for each section members. The collapse mode and energy absorption characteristics were analyzed for CFRP hat-shaped section member according to the interface numbers(2, 3, 4, 6 and 7).

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.243-246
• /
• 2017

In this study, flexible fixtures and end effectors are conceptually designed for the holding of thin-walled carbon-fiber reinforced-plastic (CFRP) workpieces in machining processes. Firstly, the fixture scenarios and system requirements for the conceptual designs of flexible-fixture and core units are proposed, including the propounding of the workpiece-holding mechanism and the core-unit requirements. A ball-joint pneumatic system is determined as a locking mechanism of the flexible-fixture system for the machining of thin-walled components. Secondly, conceptual designs of the core units are suggested with the driven requirements from the fixture scenarios. A self-tilting mechanism and an end-effector return mechanism are also proposed. Finally, the prototypes of the core units are manufactured, and the workpiece-holding capacity of each prototype is measured.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유강화플라스틱(CFRP, carbon fiber reinforced plastics)에 충격을 가하여 발생하는 결함에 대한 분석을, 특히 눈으로 식별이 어려운 손상(Barely Visible Impact Damage: BVID)을 중심으로 진행하였다. 낙하형 충격시험기를 통하여 충격 시험을 진행하였고, 추의 자유 낙하를 통하여 실제 항공기에 적용된 복합재료에 충격에 의한 손상을 모사한 후, 표면과 내부에 다양한 비파괴 검사를 적용하여 충격에너지에 따른 시편의 결함 거동을 확인하고 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 여러 가지 비파괴 검사법을 사용하여 결함을 비교, 분석, 검토하였다. 그 결과 눈으로 식별이 어려운 손상과 이를 측정하기 위해 사용된 각각의 측정법에 따른 특성이 논의되었다. 일반적으로 육안으로 보이는 표면결함보다 큰 결함이 내부에 발생하였으나, 충격에너지가 작아지면 내부결함이 표면결함 보다 작을 수 있다는 사실이 관찰되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2012

Currently, the most important purpose in designing automobile is environment-friendly and safety performance aspect. CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) of the advanced composite materials as structure materials for vehicles, has a wide application in lightweight structural materials of air planes, ships and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness. In this study, experimental investigations are carried out for CFRP single and double hat shaped section member in order to study the effect of various stacking condition. They were cured by heating to the appropriate curing temperature($130^{\circ}C$) by means of a heater at the vacuum bag of the autoclave. The stacking conditions were selected to investigate the effect of the interface numbers. The CFRP single and double hat shaped section members which manufactured from unidirectional prepreg sheets were made of 8ply. The static collapse tests performed and the collapse mode and energy absorption capability were analyzed according to interface number.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.635-645
• /
• 2018

Beam-column joints play a significant role in static and dynamic performances of reinforced concrete frame structures. This study contributes a numerical approach of topologically optimal design of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) to retrofit existing beam-column connections with crack patterns. In recent, CFRP is used commonly in the rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete members due to the remarkable properties, such as lightweight, anti-corrosion and simplicity to execute construction. With the target to provide an optimal CFRP configuration to effectively retrofit the beam-column connection under semi-failure situation such as given cracks, extended finite element method (X-FEM) is used by combining with multi-material topology optimization (MTO) as a mechanical description approach for strong discontinuity state to mechanically model cracked structures. The well founded mathematical formulation of topology optimization problem for cracked structures by using multiple materials is described in detail in this study. In addition, moved and regularized Heaviside functions (MRHF), that have the role of a filter in multiple materials case, is also considered. The numerical example results illustrated in two cases of beam-column joints with stationary cracks verify the validity, benefit and supremacy of the proposed method.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.737-744
• /
• 2021

In this study, structural health monitoring (SHM) methods of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) were investigated using electrical resistance. The developed sensing technique monitored electrical resistance in accordance with the impact damage of a CFRP. The changes in electrical resistances with multiple electrode sets enabled SHM without extra sensors so that this technique can be called self-sensing. Moreover, this study proposed electrodes only at peripheral side of a structure to minimize the number of electrodes compared to those in an array which has square number of sensors as the sensing area increases. For the intensive investigation, electromechanical sensitivity in terms of electrode distance was analyzed and optimized under drop weight impact testing. Then, SHM methods with electrodes in an array and electrodes in peripheral edges were comparatively investigated. The developed methods successfully localized impact damages into 2D coordinates. Furthermore, damage severity can be shown with a damage map by calculating electrical resistance change ratio. Therefore, structural health self-sensing system using electrical resistance was successfully developed with the minimum number of electrodes.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 고속철도 경량화를 위해 금속-탄소섬유 복합재료 하이브리드 팬터그래프에 대한 파라메트릭 연구를 수행하였다. 강철로 구성된 기존 팬터그래프의 고강성 및 경량화를 구현하기 위하여 금속 상부암의 내부와 외부를 적절한 두께로 가공하고 그 후 복합재료를 적층한 금속-탄소섬유복합재료 하이브리드 상부암을 설계하였다. 하이브리드 상부암의 구조강성과 질량 등을 고려하여 적절한 금속을 강철과 알루미늄으로 결정하였다. 각 설계 파라메터의 변화에 따른 구조의 강성 변화를 확인하기 위해 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 팬터그래프 CX-PG 모델에 접목시켜 실제 수직하중에 따른 강성과 질량 변화율을 도출하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고강성, 경량화 팬토그래프 설계를 위한 적절한 형상조건을 제안하였다.