• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2011

Supercritical $CO_2$ pretreatment before dehydration leads to a faster dehydration rate. The best supercritical $CO_2$ pretreatment conditions for the most effective dehydration were $45^{\circ}C$, 25 MPa and $55^{\circ}C$, 25 MPa. Increasing pressure of the supercritical $CO_2$ pretreatment system tended to accelerate the dehydration rate more than increasing temperature did. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed greater shrinking and pore distribution on scanning electron microscopy. Control samples maintained their cell walls, whereas samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures showed more cell disruption, and more pores were observed. Pore sizes of control and pretreated samples were about 100 and $70{\sim}80\;{\mu}m$, respectively. Samples pretreated at higher temperatures and pressures had smaller pores and a denser distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is defined as a rapid decline of renal function, becomes common and recently recognized to be closely intertwined with chronic kidney diseases. Current treatment for AKI is largely supportive, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a novel mediator of AKI. Since carbon monoxide attenuates ER stress, the objective of the present study aimed to determine the protective effect of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM2) on AKI associated with ER stress. Kidney injury was induced after LPS (15 mg/kg) treatment at 12 to 24 h in C57BL/6J mice. Pretreatment of CORM2 (30 mg/kg) effectively prevented LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation during AKI in mice. CORM2 treatment also effectively inhibited LPS-induced ER stress in AKI mice. In order to confirm effect of CO on the pathophysiological role of tubular epithelial cells in AKI, we used mProx24 cells. Pretreatment of CORM2 attenuated LPS-induced ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mProx24 cells. These data suggest that CO therapy may prevent ER stress-mediated AKI.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2013

역삼투기반 금속산업폐수 물재이용시스템의 전처리공정을 선정하기 위해 연수화, 응집침전, 활성탄, 이온교환 및 중화 침전공정에 대한 무기물 및 유기물 제거특성을 조사하였다. 유기물제거를 위해 DOC중 친수성 및 소수성 유기물을 분류하였으며, 이를 이용하여 조합공정을 최적화하였다. 다양한 전처리공정 중에서 연수화는 금속산업 방류수에 존재하는 칼슘경도(1,201 mg/L as $CaCO_3$)를 93.4%제거함과 동시에 소수성유기물을 모두 제거하는 것으로 나타났다. 연수화 후에 응집침전공정을 연계할 경우, 방류수에 포함된 유기물 5.1 mg DOC/L을 1.6 mg DOC/L까지 저감할 수 있었다. 또한, 금속공정 원폐수를 대상으로 가성소다를 이용한 중화침전공정을 적용하였을 때, 수중경도를 유발하지 않으면서도 철과 총용존성고형물을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.855-858
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• 2003

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on Ni-coated TiN/Si substrate by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using mixture gas of $H_2/CH_4$ at low temperature of 500 $^{\circ}C$. Average diameter of CNTs could be easily controlled by $H_2$ plasma pretreatment time before CNTs growth. The turn-on voltages of CNT emitters were varied from 3.5 $V/{\mu}m$ to 9 $V/{\mu}m$ according to the hydrogen pretreatment conditions. The close relationship between electron emission characteristics and pretreatment time indicates that pretreatment condition can be a key process parameter in CNTs growth for field emission displays..

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.421-425
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• 2013

The effect of pretreatment on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes has been rarely studied, although that on metal and carbon electrodes has been enormously done. The electrochemical and surface properties of ITO electrodes are investigated after 6 different pretreatments. The electrochemical behaviors for oxygen reduction, $Ru(NH_3){_6}^{3+}$ reduction, $Fe(CN){_6}^{3-}$ reduction, and p-hydroquinone oxidation are compared, and the surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and surface chemical composition are also compared. Oxygen reduction, $Fe(CN){_6}^{3-}$ reduction, and p-hydroquinone oxidation are highly affected by the type of the pretreatment, whereas $Ru(NH_3){_6}^{3+}$ reduction is almost independent of it. Interestingly, oxygen reduction is significantly suppressed by the treatment in an HCl solution. The changes in surface roughness and composition are not high after each pretreatment, but the change in contact angle is substantial in some pretreatments.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2024

웨어러블 디바이스용 유연 전극 소재 개발을 위해 탄소섬유 토우(carbon fibers tow)의 전처리에 따른 전기화학적 특성을 조사하고, 이를 활용하여 포도당을 타겟으로 전기화학적 비효소 센서를 제작하였다. 탄소섬유 토우는 탈사이징(desizing)과 활성화(activation) 공정을 통해 전처리 되었으며, 활성화는 화학적 산화와 전기화학적 산화의 두 가지 방법으로 이루어졌다. 전처리된 샘플은 주사전자 현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 표면 분석되었으며, 전기화학적 특성 및 센싱성능 분석은 시간대전류법와 순환전압 전류법, 전기화학 임피던스 분석법을 이용하여 수행되었다. 탄소섬유 토우는 전처리를 통해 감소된 R_et와 ΔE_p, 증가된 I_p 등 향상된 전기화학적 특성을 보였으며, 두 활성화 방법에서는 유사한 전기화학적 특성이 얻어졌다. 본 연구에서는 전기화학센서 적용을 위해 전기화학적으로 활성화된 탄소섬유 토우를 최종 전극 물질로 선정하였다. 이 전극을 기반으로 제작된 비효소적 포도당 검출 센서는 0.09899~3.754 mM과 3.754~50 mM의 선형 구간에서 각각 0.744 mA/mM과 0.330 mA/mM 정도의 향상된 감도를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 탄소섬유 토우의 전극 소재로서 사용 가능성을 확인했으며, 고성능 유연 전극 소재 개발에 기초 연구로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

In this study, it was verified that carbon-ceramic brake discs can replace existing cast-iron brake discs of the same size. In addition, a method of pretreating carbon fiber to secure heat dissipation characteristics while using a small amount of carbon fiber was established. The thermal conductivity and bending strength characteristics were analyzed according to the carbon content, and brake braking tests were conducted. Through pretreatment, the maximum temperature was lowered by 16 ℃ compared to the case using only carbon fiber, and the cooling rate was improved by approximately 10% compared to metal brake discs. However, the total heat capacity increased as the mass increased owing to the reaction. Thus, the measured temperature was higher than that of the metal brake disc; therefore, additional research is required.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) and the combination of a coagulant and powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from fish processing effluent to reduce membrane fouling in microfiltration. The efficiency of each pretreatment was investigated through analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm ($UVA_{254}$). Membrane flux and silt density index (SDI) analyses were performed to evaluate membrane fouling; molecular weight distributions (MWD) and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy were analyzed to assess DOM characteristics. The results demonstrated that $FeCl_3$ exhibited higher DOC and $UVA_{254}$ removals than PACl for food processing effluent and a combination of $FeCl_3$ and PAC provided comparatively better results than simple $FeCl_3$ coagulation for the removal of DOM from fish processing effluent. This study suggests that membrane fouling could be minimized by proper pretreatment of food processing effluent using a combination of coagulation ($FeCl_3$) and adsorption (PAC). Analyses of MWD and FEEM revealed that the combination of $FeCl_3$ and PAC was more efficient at removing hydrophobic and small-sized DOM.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 2006

This paper reports an improved headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of carboxyl group content in wood fibers. Pretreatment of wood fibers was applied using dilute HCl to convert carboxyl groups to carboxylic acid groups and then using deionized water to wash fiber samples thoroughly. The samples were finally air dried. Sodium bicarbonate solution was used to react with carboxylic acid groups of the pretreated fibers in a closed testing vial to release carbon dioxide. The content of carboxyl groups in fibers was accurately quantified by determining the amount of carbon dioxide released by a headspace gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector. The modified process for fiber sample pretreatment increased the reliability and accuracy in measuring carboxylic acid groups. The present method is simple, accurate.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2011

Adsorption characteristics of boron on activated carbon was investigated in order to evaluate the use of activated carbon for the removal of boron in desalination processes using SWRO. Boron was removed ranging from 54~60% when the concentration of activated carbon was 1,000 mg/L in 6 hours under the initial boron concentration of 5 mg/L. The removal of boron increased by 20~22% with the increase of pH from 5 to 9. Organic matter had adverse effect on the adsorption of boron on activated carbon. Boron removal decreased by 10-12% when EDTA was added at 1 mg/L under 5 mg/L of boron and 200mg/L of activated carbon. In this results, activated carbon would be a good candidate for a pretreatment of desalination processes by SWRO from the view of mitigating the feed boron concentration to RO and meeting the effluent boron concentration without post-treatment after RO.