• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.241.2-241.2
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• 2014

We present highly transparent liquid crystal displays (LCDs) using hybrid films based on carbon nanomaterials, metal grid, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) grid. Carbon based nanomaterials are used as transparent electrodes because of high transmittance. Despite of their high transmittance they have relatively high sheet resistance. To solve this problem, we applied grid and made hybrid conductive films based on carbon nanomaterials. Conventional photolithography processes were used to make a grid pattern of metal and ITO. To fabricate transparent conductive films, carbon nanotube (CNT) ink was spin coated on the grid pattern. The transparency of the conductive film was controlled by shape and size of the grid pattern and the thickness of CNT films. The optical transmittance of CNT-based hybrid films is 92.2% and sheet resistance is also reduced to $168{\Omega}/square$. These substrates were used for the fabrication of typical twisted nematic (TN) LCD cells. From the characteristics of LCD devices such as transmittance, operating voltage, voltage holding ratio our devices were comparable to those of pristine ITO substrates. The result shows that the hybrid conductive films based on carbon nanomaterials could be alternative of ITO for the highly transparent LCDs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.311-311
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• 2009

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) belong to an ideal material for field emitters because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties together with unique geometric features. Several applications of CNTs to field emitters have been demonstrated in electron emission devices such as field emission display (FED), backlight unit (BLU), X-ray source, etc. In this study, we fabricated a CNT cathode by using filtration processes. First, an aqueous CNT solution was prepared by ultrasonically dispersing purified single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) in deionized water with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The aqueous CNT solution in a milliliter or even several tens of micro-litters was filtered by an alumina membrane through the vacuum filtration, and an ultra-thin CNT film was formed onto the alumina membrane. Thereafter, the alumina membrane was solvated by acetone, and the floating CNT film was easily transferred to indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate in an area defined as 1 cm with a film mask. The CNT film was subjected to an activation process with an adhesive roller, erecting the CNTs up to serve as electron emitters. In order to measure their luminance characteristics, an ITO-coated glass substrate having phosphor was employed as an anode plate. Our field emitter array (FEA) was fairly transparent unlike conventional FEAs, which enabled light to emit not only through the anode frontside but also through the cathode backside, where luminace on the cathode backside was higher than that on the anode frontside. Futhermore, we added a reflecting metal layer to cathode or anode side to enhance the luminance of light passing through the other side. In one case, the metal layer was formed onto the bottom face of the cathode substrate and reflected the light back so that light passed only through the anode substrate. In the other case, the reflecting layer coated on the anode substrate made all light go only through the cathode substrate. Among the two cases, the latter showed higher luminance than the former. This study will discuss the morphologies and field emission characteristics of CNT emitters according to the experimental parameters in fabricating the lamps emitting light on the both sides or only on the either side.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.414-414
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• 2012

차세대 플렉시블 디스플레이 소재로서, 탄소나노뷰브(CNT) 기반의 투명전도막은 기존의 ITO 박막보다 우수한 유연성을 갖기 때문에 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 특히 낮은 저항과 투과도를 유지하면서 투명 전도막의 내구성을 향상시키는 연구는 상업화에 가장 필요한 연구 분야이다. 본 연구에서는 다층벽 탄소나노튜브(MWCNT)를 이용하여 제작된 투명 전도막의 내구성을 개선하기 위하여 오버 코팅을 통한 물성 개선을 연구하였다. 투명전도막은 PET기판 위에 스프레이 방식을 이용하여 균일하게 코팅하였다. 오버 코팅 물질로는 실리콘계 유무기하이브리드 투명하드 코팅을 적용하였다. 연구결과 오버 코팅층과 CNT 코팅층과의 젖음성이 물성 향상에 가장 많은 영향을 끼치는 것을 관찰하였고, 특히 젖음성이 증가할수록 투과도와 전기전도도가 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 고온 고습 환경에서 240시간 이상 내구성 테스트 결과, 저항률 변화가 1.1 이하인 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.313-313
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• 2016

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films have many disadvantages, such as rarity, possible exhaustion, process temperature limitations, and brittleness on a flexible substrate. In particular, as display technology moves toward flexible displays, TCO will become completely unsuitable due to its brittleness. To address theses issue, many researchers have been studying TCO substitutes. In recent efforts, metal nanowires, conducting polymers, carbon nanotube networks, graphene films, hybrid thin films, and metal meshes/grids have been evaluated as candidates to replace TCO electrodes. In this study, we fabricated the TCO film with Ag meshes shape using polystyrene (PS) beads monolayer on the substrate. The PS beads were used as a template to create the mesh pattern. We fabricated the monolayer on the flexible substrate (PES) with the well-aligned PS beads. Electrodes with Ag mesh shape were formed using this patterned monolayer. We could fabricated the Ag mesh electrode with the sheet resistance with $8ohm{\Omega}/{\Box}$.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.923-926
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• 2004

Active-matrix field emission display (AMFED) based on carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter and amorphous silicon thin-film transistor (a-Si TFT) is reviewed. The AMFED pixels consisted of a high-voltage a-Si TFT and mesh-gated CNT emitters. The developed AMFED panel showed a high performance with a driving voltage of below 15 V. The low-cost and large-area AMFED approach with a metal mesh technology will be discussed.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2006

This paper describes the fabrication methods of a carbon nanotube (CNT) filter and a microdialysis chip. A CNT filter can help perform dialysis on a microfluidic chip. In this study, a membrane type of a CNT filter is fabricated and located in a microfluidic chip. The filter plays a role of a dialysis membrane in a microfluidic chip. In the fabrication process of a CNT filter, individual CNTs are entangled each other by amide bonding that is catalyzed by 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The chemically treated CNTs are shaped to form a CNT filter using a PDMS film-mold and vacuum filtering. Then, the CNT filter is sandwiched between PDMS substrates, and they are bonded together using a thin layer of PDMS prepolymer as adhesive. The PDMS substrates are fabricated to have a microchannel by standard photo-lithography technique.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2009

This paper reports the resistance change of conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-films according to the temperature variation. Resistance of conductive CNT thin-films intrinsically has good thermal sensitivity, but shows environmental dependency. In order to reduce environmental effects, we spin-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the conductive CNT thin-films. We observed that conductive CNT thin-films with a PDMS encapsulation layer showed little environmental dependency, but more linear and stable temperature dependencies. If proper encapsulation is provided, conductive CNT thin-films can be used for temperature sensor applications.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.1115-1119
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• 2013

The carbon nanotube/poly-vinylidene fluoride (CNT/PVDF) composite films for the use of electronic devices were fabricated by spray coating method using the CNT/PVDF solution, which was prepared by adding PVDF pellets into the CNT dispersed N-Methyl-2-pyrroli-done (NMP) solution. The CNT/PVDF composite films were peeled off from the glass substrate and were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that the CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the PVDF films and thickness of the films were approximately $20{\mu}m$. The capacitance of the CNT/PVDF films increased dramatically by adding CNTs into the PVDF matrix, and finally saturated approximately 1880 pF. However, the I-V curves didn't show any saturation effect in the CNT concentration range of 0 ~ 0.04 wt%. Therefore we can control the performance of the devices from the CNT/PVDF composite film by adjusting the current level resulted from the CNT concentration with the uniform capacitance value.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.716-719
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• 2016

In this paper, we fabricated flexible CNT/PVDF (carbon nanotube / polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric composite device with flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer electrode using spray coating method. We tried to improve the piezoelectric performance from the CNT/PVDF composite film by enhancing electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS electrodes. Electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS electrode was enhanced by dipping it into the EG (ethylene glycol) solvent. Changes of chemical composition of the PEDOT:PSS electrode were analyzed with the dipping time by XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) in terms of oxygen (O1s). Finally, Piezoelectric performances such as output voltage and current were measured with the dipping time. We found that enhanced electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS electrodes resulted in improvement of the piezoelectric performance of the CNT/PVDF films.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.620-623
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• 2013

The carbon nanotube / poly-vinylidene fluoride (CNT/PVDF) composite films for the nano-generator devices were fabricated by spray coating method using the CNT/PVDF solution, which was prepared by adding PVDF pellets into the CNT dispersed N-Methyl-2-pyrroli-done (NMP) solution. The flexible CNT/PVDF composite films were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that the CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the PVDF matrix and thickness of the films was approximately $20{\mu}m$. Fourier transform infra-red spectra were used to investigate crystal structure of the as-spray-coated CNT/PVDF films, and we found that they revealed extremely large portion of the ${\beta}$ phase PVDF. The capacitance of the CNT/PVDF films increased by adding CNTs into the PVDF matrix, and finally saturated. However, the resistance didn't show any saturation effect in the CNT concentration range of 0~4 wt%. Finally, the resulting nano-generator devices revealed reasonable current output after given mechanical stress.