• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2023

The present study follows three main goals. First, an analytical solution with high accuracy is developed to assess the effects of embedding pre-strained shape memory alloy (SMA) wires on the critical buckling temperatures of rectangular sandwich plates made of soft core and graphite fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) face sheets based on piecewise low-order shear deformation theory (PLSDT) using Brinson's model. As the second goal, this study compares the effects of SMAs on the thermal buckling of sandwich plates with those of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The glass transition temperature is considered as a limiting factor. For each material, the effective ranges of operating temperature and thickness ratio are determined for real situations. The results indicate that depending on the geometric parameters and thermal conditions, one of the SMAs and CNTs may outperform the other. The third purpose is to study the thermal buckling of sandwich plates with advanced hybrid SMA/CNT/GF/EP composite face sheets. It is shown that in some circumstances, the co-incorporation of SMAs and CNTs leads to an astonishing enhancement in the critical buckling temperatures of sandwich plates.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.281-295
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• 2010

An experimental and a non linear finite element investigation on the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams stiffened in hogging moment region with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) sheets is presented in this paper. A total of five specimens were tested under two-point loads. Three of the composite beams included concrete slab while the other two beams had composite slabs. The stiffening was achieved by attaching CFRP sheets to the concrete surface at the position of negative bending moment. The suggested CFRP sheets arrangement enhanced the overall beam behavior and increased the composite beam capacity. Valuable parametric study was conducted using a three dimensional finite element model using ANSYS program. Both geometrical and material nonlinearity were included. The studied parameters included CFRP sheet arrangement, concrete strength and degree of shear connection.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.326-332
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• 2011

구조물의 내력증진 방법으로 적용되는 섬유재료에는 탄소섬유와 아라미드섬유 브론섬유 및 유리섬유 등이 있다. 이 중에서도 탄소섬유는 가장 많이 쓰이는 재료로서 다른 종류의 섬유올이 2방향성인 반면 탄소섬유 올은 1방향성으로서 부착되는 섬유올 방향으로만 인장내력에 의해 보강되므로 현장적용 시 섬유올의 부착방향이 매우 중요한 요소이나 보강설계 시 이에 대한 뚜렷한 도시가 되지 않아 구조적 지식이 없는 현장기술자 또는 인부들의 무개념적인 시공으로 보강성능을 전연 확보하지 못하는 사례가 종종 발생되곤 한다. 본 연구는 콘크리트 기둥에 대한 탄소섬유쉬트 방향에 따른 보강성능을 파악코자 각 실험체별로 섬유 올의 경사, 수평 및 수직방향으로 보강한 후 가력을 통한 보강성능을 비교 분석하여 섬유올 방향이 보강성능에 미치는 영향을 대비분석함으로서 섬유방향에 대한 최적의 보강설계 방안을 제시하고자 하였으며, 실험결과 수평방향의 보강성능은 153.43%인 반면 수직보강은 겨우 104.61%로서 거의 보강효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 섬유올 방향의 인장내력 증진에 따른 구속효과에 의한 보강효과로서 보강설계와 현장관리에 철저한 관리가 절대적이다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2012

비보강 조적조 건축물은 전세계적으로 기존의 건물 및 역사 건축물의 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 특히, 최근 지진이 전세계적으로 빈번하게 나타남에 따라 비보강 조적조 구조물에 대한 내진 보강 대책이 요구되고 있다. 현재 비보강 조적조의 보강방법으로는 숏크리트, ECC jacketing, FRPs(fiber reinforced polymer sheet) 등이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 특히 많은 엔지니어들이 FRPs를 사용한 보강방법을 채택하는 경향이 보이는데 이는 숏크리트나 ECC jacketing과는 달리 벽체의 두께 확장에 따른 구조물 자중 증가 문제없이 비보강 조적조의 전단강도를 향상시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나 비보강 조적 벽체의 복잡한 역학적 거동과 FRPs를 사용한 실험 데이터의 부족은 아직까지도 적절한 보강량을 산정하는데 어려움을 주고 있다. 이 연구는 비보강 조적조의 면내 거동을 확인하고 두 가지의 다른 특징을 가진 FRPs를 사용한 보강 효과에 대한 정보를 주기 위해 수행되었다. 실험체는 1970년대 한국에서 빈번하게 지어진 저층형 연립주택의 내벽을 대상으로 하고 있으며 별도의 내진 설계는 되어있지 않은 상태이다. 실험체의 형상비는 실제 상황을 반영하기 위해 1에 가깝게 설정되어 있다. 보강 재료로는 탄소섬유보강 시트와 하이브리드 시트를 사용하였으며 이들은 각각 다른 극한 강도와 탄성계수 및 극한 변형률을 보유하고 있다. 연구 결과 비보강 조적 벽체의 면내 전단력 저항 성능을 확인하였으며 FRPs가 사용된 내진 보강 방안의 특성을 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 FRPs를 사용한 보의 전단보강 방법에 착안하여 비보강 조적조에 대한 FRPs의 보강 설계안을 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

Carbon fiber fabric-silicon carbide composites were fabricated by liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process. The porous two-dimensional carbon fiber fabric performs were prepared by 13 plies of 2D-plain-weave fabric in a three laminating method, [0/90], [${\pm}45$], [$0/90/{\pm}45$] lay-up, respectively. Before laminating, a thin pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer deposited on the surface of 2D-plain weave fabric sheets as interfacial layer with $C_3H_8$ and $N_2$ gas at $900^{\circ}C$. A densification of the preforms for $C_f-Si-SiC$ matrix composite was achieved according to the LSI process at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. in vacuum atmosphere. The bending strength of the each composite were measured and the microstructural consideration was performed by a FE-SEM.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2002

Carbon nanotubes are graphene sheets rolled up in cylinders with diameter as small as 1nm. Extensive work carried out in recent years has revealed the intriguing properties of this novel material. Exceptional property combined with low density of nanotubes makes them suitable for use as reinforcements in composites. Low volume of production and high cost is the main limitations towards their growth and application. Nanofibres bridge the gap between the conventional carbon fibre and the carbon nanotubes. With their low cost & comparatively higher volume of production along with their exceptional properties, the nanofibres are considered attractive material as nanoscale reinforcement. In this article a concise review of structure, property. production and application of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres have been discussed.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2017

This paper presents a fatigue assessment model that was developed for corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The proposed model considers the fatigue properties of the constituent materials as well as the section equilibrium. The model provides a rational approach that can be used to explicitly assess the failure mode, fatigue life, fatigue strength, stiffness, and post-fatigue ultimate capacity of corroded beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP. A parametric analysis demonstrated that the controlling factor for the fatigue behavior of the beams is the fatigue behavior of the corroded steel bars. Strengthening with one layer of non-prestressed CFRP sheets restored the fatigue behavior of beams with rebar at a low corrosion degree to the level of the uncorroded beams, while strengthening with 20- and 30%-prestressed CFRP sheets restored the fatigue behavior of the beams with medium and high corrosion degrees, respectively, to the values of the uncorroded beams. Under cyclic fatigue loading, the factors for the strengthening design of corroded RC beams fall in the order of stiffness, fatigue life, fatigue strength, and ultimate capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.167-194
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• 2004

In this paper axial loading tests on low strength concrete members, which were confined with various thickness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sheets are described. Totally 46 specimens with circular, square and rectangular cross-sections with unconfined concrete compressive strengths between 6 and 10 MPa were included in the test program. During the tests, a photogrammetrical deformation measurement technique was also used, as well as conventional measurement techniques. The contribution of external confinement with CFRP composite sheets to the compressive behavior of the specimens with low strength concrete is evaluated quantitatively, in terms of strength, longitudinal and lateral deformability and energy dissipation. The effects of width/depth ratios and the corner radius of the specimens with rectangular cross-section on the axial behavior were also examined. It was seen that the effectiveness of the external confinement with CFRP composite sheets is much more pronounced, when the unconfined concrete compressive strength is relatively lower. It was also found that the available analytical expressions proposed for normal or high strength concrete confined by CFRP sheets could not predict the strength and deformability of CFRP confined low strength concrete accurately. New expressions are proposed for the compressive strength and the ultimate axial strain of CFRP confined low strength concrete.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2022

This paper performs an experimental study on the flexural behavior of preloaded reinforced self-compacted concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers CFRP. A group of six preloaded strengthened beams was investigated along with one unstrengthened beam used as a reference beam RB. All beams have the same dimensions and reinforcement details: three beams are strengthened with CFRP laminates against flexural failure and three beams are strengthened with CFRP sheets. For simulating actual conditions, the beams are loaded before strengthening. Then, after strengthening, the beams are tested for flexural strength using 4-point loads where cracked and ultimate load and failure mode, along with load-deflection relation are recorded. To study the different configurations of strengthening, one layer, two layers, and U-wrap formation of laminates and sheets are considered. The results show that strengthing the RC beams using CFRP is an effective method to increase the beam's capacity by 47% up to 153% where deflection is reduced by 5%-80%. So, the beams strengthened with CFRP laminates have higher load capacity and lower ductility in comparison with the beams strengthened with CFRP sheets.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 각형강관 기둥의 유한요소 해석결과를 소개하고 있다. 실험체 개수는 총 6개이며, 각형강관에 대해서는 비조밀 단면 단주, 세장판 단면 단주, 비조밀 단면 장주로 구성되어 있다. 실험변수는 탄소섬유쉬트 보강겹수이다. AFRP 스트립과 강재사이의 부착거동과 부착응력-슬립관계를 규명하였다. 총 6개의 실험체에 대하여 ANSYS V.14.0을 사용하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 파괴모드, 하중-변위곡선, 최대내력, 초기강성에 대해 실험결과와 비교하였다. 끝으로, AISC cold-formed steel structures 기준에 근거하여 세장비에 따른 좌굴응력값을 산정하였으며, 각 단면타입에 대한 좌굴응력값 및 보강효과를 비교하였다.