• Spatial Information Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

도시공간은 온실가스배출의 주원인지로 온실가스 저감을 위해서는 도시적 차원의 대책이 무엇보다 필요하다. 본 연구는 도시공간을 조성하는데 있어서 활용할 수 있는 이산화탄소 배출량 산정 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이를 위해, 첫째로 물리적 규모, 이용현황, 활동강도와 관련된 도시공간 계획요소를 이론고찰을 통해 선정하였다. 둘째, 전력, 도시가스, 지역난방, 석유, 상수도 사용량 자료에 기반한 이산화탄소 배출량을 산정하였다. 셋째, 서울시를 사례연구대상지로 선정하고 도시공간 계획요소와 이산화탄소 배출량 간의 관계분석을 통해 도시공간의 이산화탄소 배출량 산정 모델을 개발하였다. 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 다양한 노력들이 도시공간에서 시도되고 있으나, 도시 전체의 탄소배출량과 같은 총량적 관점의 한계가 있었다. 그러나 본 연구의 도시공간 계획요소에 따른 이산화탄소 배출량 산정 모델은 탄소저감을 위한 도시차원에서의 해결방안으로 활용할 수 있는 국지적 범위에서의 보다 구체적인 모델을 제시할 수 있다는 점에서 기존 연구와의 차별된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

대기오염으로 인한 기후변화, 에너지 자원의 고갈 및 에너지 안보 등의 이유로 세계 각국에서는 신재생 에너지 연구 개발에 국가적 노력을 아끼지 않고 있다. 신재생 에너지 중 바이오디젤 연료는 기존의 디젤연료를 대체할 친환경 에너지로써 각광을 받고 있으며, 일정한 비율로 디젤연료와 혼합 시 기존 디젤기관의 개조 없이 사용가능하다. 다양한 연구결과에 의해 선박의 배기가스 배출계수는 지속적으로 예측되고 있지만 특수선박으로 분류되는 함정의 배출계수 연구결과는 부족한 실정이며, 특히 바이오디젤 혼합 연료에 대한 배기가스 배출계수는 함정뿐만 아니라 선박에서도 연구 실적이 부족한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 해군함정에 탑재되어 있는 추진 디젤기관에 바이오디젤 혼합 연료를 적용시켰을 때 배출되는 이산화황 및 이산화탄소의 배출계수를 연료성분 분석 결과를 이용하여 구하고, 연료소비율 계산을 통하여 배출량을 정량적으로 예측하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The aim of this article is to compare and identify eco-friendly competitiveness between (regional) motorway and high-speed rail(HSR) from the perspective of $CO_2$ emission in the Republic of Korea. METHODS : In order for an analysis of low-carbon competitiveness between the two modes, $CO_2e$ emission, $CO_2eppk$ (equivalent $CO_2$ gram per passenger kilometer), is employed as a comparison index. As for HSR, the index is calculated based on the passenger transport data and the gross of $CO_2e$ produced by Kyungbu high-speed line in 2013. Additionally, the gross of $CO_2e$ is computed by the greenhouse gas emission factors of domestic electricity generation mix. Regarding the index of motorway, it is directly calculated using both the official $CO_2e$ emission factor and the passenger-car occupancy of motorway. RESULTS : The results revealed, in the case of inter-regional transport, that the $CO_2e$ emission of displacement-based cars is 54.9% less than that of HSR, as the domestic electric power systems heavily relies on the thermal power plants over 66%. Note that internal combustion engines commonly used for vehicles are more energy-efficient than steam-driven turbines usually utilized for thermal power generation. CONCLUSIONS : It can be seen, at the very least in our study, that HSR has no superiority over motorway in the case of $CO_2e$ emission under the situations of domestic electricity generation mix. In addition, advanced eco-friendly vehicles have strong advantages over HSR. Therefore, all-out efforts should be made to develop and harvest renewable energy sources in order to achieve low-carbon HSR, sparing fossil fuels.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.195-213
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• 2022

This research summarizes the generating factors of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) in hydropower dams and related domestic/foreign researches. Microorganisms and eutrophication are the main factors in greenhouse gases in hydropower dam reservoirs. The greenhouse gas emission from the hydropower dam is affected by meteorological factors and dam operation periods, and greenhouse gases are also emitted from the outlets. The fluxes of greenhouse gas emission from the hydropower dams were -926~180,806 mg CO₂ m^-2d^-1, -0.19~3800 mg CH₄ m^-2d^-1, and 0.01~16.1 mg N₂O m^-2d^-1. In South Korea, the study on the greenhouse gas emission from Korean hydropower dams has been rarely, and therefore it is inquired. This research suggested the methods on the greenhouse gas emission from Korean hydropower dams and flux calculation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

We fabricated gas sensors using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electron emitters for the purpose of detecting inert gases. By using the silicon-glass anodic bonding and glass patterning technologies with the typical Si process, we improved the compactness of the sensors and the reliability in process. The proposed sensor, based on, an electrical discharge theory known as Paschen's law in principle, works by figuring the variation of the discharge current depending on gas concentration. In the experiment, the initial breakdown characteristics were measured for air and Ar as a function of gas pressure. As the result, even though it should be realized that there are many other factors which have an effect on the breakdown of a gap, the sensors led to similar result as predicted by Paschen's law, and they showed a possibility as gas sensors which enable to detect the gas density ranged to the vacuum pressure from 1 to $10^{-3}$ Torr.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2023

최근 지구온난화로 인한 폭염, 태풍, 폭설 등 기후변화를 급증하고 있다. 미국 뉴욕에서 개최된 제 25차 '기후변화 당사국총회(COP25)'에 따른 세계 각국은 '탄소중립' 달성하기 위한 협상을 진행했다. 도시는 경제발전뿐만 아니라 탄소중립 과정에서도 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구는 이산화탄소와 관계되는 경제요인 및 환경요인을 고려하여 엘보우 규칙 (Elbow method) 과 K-means 군집 알고리즘을 활용하여 한국 63개 도시의 탄소배출 현황을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따른 한국 도시는 기술집약 도시, 경공업 도시, 미래 혁신도시, 중공업 도시, 서비스 집약도시 및 농촌, 가정생산집약도시로 구분될 수 있고 향후 시도별 탄소중립 목표를 실천하기 위해 구체적인 제안을 제시하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2012

The government is carrying forward a sustainable development which reduces green-house gas and environmental pollution by preparing 'Low Carbon Green Development' policy basis as a new paradigm of national development. This study aims to understand the status of atmosphere contamination which Seoul has by finding correlation among social, economical indexes and carbon, the humanities and social characteristic materials which best express types of city and correlation and to suggest implications. According to the results of the analysis, first the carbon emission volume of Seoul recorded 0.56 ppm, Jongno, Jung-Gu, Kuro, Kangnam and Songpa were more than the average of Seoul and Kwangjin-Gu & Kangbuk-Gu, relative north east regions, Yeongdeungpo-Gu and Dongjak-Gu, south west regions showed lower CO occurrences. Second, according to the correlation and factor analysis, elements which affect CO emission volume of Seoul are largely represented by regional level, traffic level and development density level. Third, when the importance of influence factors based on the analyzed standard coefficient by a regression model, traffic and development density level were most important by recording traffic level (0.967), environmental level (0.385), regional level (0.530) and development density (0.561). Consequently, it was revealed that the traffic level most affected CO emission.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study aimed to offer a greenhouse gases table to assist a road designer in calculating the greenhouse gases for a road environment when making a decision about an alternative road. METHODS : This study developed an operation mode table of greenhouse gases using the MOVES program. Similar factors for Korean vehicles and fuels are reflected in the MOVES program, which was made in the USA. Finally, a paired t-test was conducted to calculate the site data and MOVES data. Through these studies, a methodology was suggested for calculating carbon emissions based on various types of roads alignments. RESULTS : The site results for a passenger truck on the road were statistically significant when the vehicle speed was above 65 km/h. However, a future study will consider factors for various road alignments and vehicles. CONCLUSIONS : This study will contribute to the theoretical basis for reducing carbon emissions from roads by helping road designers make decisions about road alternatives in terms of the road environment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2019

Herein, a case study discussing the effect of carbonaceous aerosol pollution, which is emitted during the charcoal kiln manufacturing processes or carbonization processes, on the atmospheric environment is presented . In South Korea, in situ analysis of different charcoal production plants specialized in the production of charcoal sauna indicate that the emitted organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) aerosols are significantly influenced by the nature of the biomass and technological processes, i.e., treatment or emissions abatement systems for the exhaust effluent gases. In detail, total carbon (TC), which is calculated as the sum of OC and EC emission factors, varied widely from a charcoal production site to another ranging from 21.8 to 35.8 gTC/kg-oak, where the mean value for the considered production sites was approximately 28 gTC/kg-oak (N = 7 and sum = 196.4). Results indicate that the emission factors from a modern charcoal production process in South Korea are quantitatively lower in comparison with the traditional kiln. This study aims to propose advanced wood processes for the production of charcoal from the viewpoint of environmental protection policy and green engineering.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.374-380
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• 2014

To estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, the inventory of rice cultivation at the farming without agricultural chemicals was established from farmers in Gunsan, Jeonbuk province in 2011~2012. The objectives of this study were to calculate carbon footprint and analyse the major factor of GHGs. To do this, we carried out a sensitivity analysis using the analyzed main factors of GHGs and estimated the mitigation potential of GHGs. Also we suggested agricultural methods to reduce GHGs that can be appled by farmers at this region. At the farming system without agricultural chemicals, carbon footprint of rice production unit of 1 kg was 2.15 kg $CO_2.-eq.kg^{-1}$. Although the amount of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission was the largest among GHGs, methane ($CH_4$) emission had the highest contribution to carbon footprint on rice production system when it was converted to carbon dioxide equivalent ($CO_2-eq.$) multiplied by the global warming potential (GWP). Main source of $CO_2$ emission in the rice farming system without agricultural chemicals was combustion of fossil fuels used by agricultural machinery. Most of the $CH_4$ was emitted during rice cultivation practice and its major emission factor was flooded paddy field in anaerobic condition. Also, most of the $N_2O$ was emitted from rice cultivation process. Major sources of the $N_2O$ emission was application of fertilizer such as compound fertilizer. As a result of sensitivity analysis in energy consumption, diesel had the highest sensitivity among the energy inputs. With the reduction of diesel consumption by 10%, it was estimated that $CO_2$ potential reduction was about 2.0%. With reducing application rate of compound fertilizer by 10%, the potential reduction was calculated that $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ could be reduced by 0.5% and 0.9%, respectively. At the condition of 10% reduction of silicate and compost, $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ could be reduced by 1.5% and 1.6%, respectively. With 8 days more drainage than the ordinary practice, $CH_4$ emission could be reduced by about 4.5%. Drainage and diesel consumption were the main sources having the largest effect on the GHG reduction at the farming system without agricultural chemicals. Based on the above results, we suggest that no-tillage and midsummer drainage could be a method to decrease GHG emissions from rice production system.