• 공업화학
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2020

흑연 소재는 높은 구조적 안정성 및 낮은 가격으로 리튬 이차전지 음극소재로 이용되고 있다. 또한, 탄소 소재의 낮은 속도 특성을 개선하려는 탄소 코팅 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 탄소 코팅은 화학적 반응을 이용하는 CVD 코팅, 용매를 사용하는 습식 코팅, 기계적 충돌에 의한 건식 코팅으로 나뉜다. 본 논문에서는 습식 코팅 공정에서 사용 용매에 따라 탄소 전구체(피치)의 일부만 사용될 수 있는 문제와 용매 제거에 의한 환경 문제를 해결하고자 건식 공정인 고속 분쇄/코팅 공정을 이용하여 리튬 이차전지 음극용 탄소 소재를 제조하였다. 침상 코크스와 피치의 무게비는 8 : 2 wt.%으로 하고, 고속 분쇄/코팅 공정을 이용하여 침상 코크스의 분쇄와 피치의 코팅을 통한 구상화를 진행하였을 때, 침상 코크스의 모서리 면이 피치로 코팅되는 것을 확인하였다. 이 소재를 2400 ℃ 고온 열처리를 진행한 결과 피치 코팅되지 않은 소재와 비교하여 초기용량과 효율은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 10C/0.1C 속도 특성에서 41.8%의 성능이 향상되었다. 고속 분쇄/코팅 공정을 통해 제조된 소재는 고속 방전용 리튬 이차전지 음극 소재에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2018

An object in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is affected by many environmental conditions unlike earth's surface such as, Atomic oxygen (AO), Ultraviolet Radiation (UV), thermal cycling, High Vacuum and Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD) impacts. The effect of all these parameters have to be carefully considered when designing a space structure, as it could be very critical for a space mission. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high performance thermoplastic polymer that could be a suitable material for space missions because of its excellent resistance to these environmental factors. A thin coating of PBI polymer on the carbon epoxy composite laminate (referred as CFRP) was found to improve the energy absorption capability of the laminate in event of a hypervelocity impact. However, the overall efficiency of the shield also depends on other factors like placement and orientation of the laminates, standoff distances and the number of shielding layers. This paper studies the effectiveness of using a PBI coating on the front bumper in a multi-shock shield design for enhanced hypervelocity impact resistance. A thin PBI coating of 43 micron was observed to improve the shielding efficiency of the CFRP laminate by 22.06% when exposed to LEO environment conditions in a simulation chamber. To study the effectiveness of PBI coating in a hypervelocity impact situation, experiments were conducted on the CFRP and the PBI coated CFRP laminates with projectile velocities between 2.2 to 3.2 km/s. It was observed that the mass loss of the CFRP laminates decreased 7% when coated by a thin layer of PBI. However, the study of mass loss and damage area on a witness plate showed CFRP case to have better shielding efficiency than PBI coated CFRP laminate case. Therefore, it is recommended that PBI coating on the front bumper is not so effective in improving the overall hypervelocity impact resistance of the space structure.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

There are several studies on reducing the friction that occurs on the relative sliding contact surface of moving parts under extreme environments. In particular, a solid lubricated bearing is studied to solve the tribological problem with friction reduction and durability parts using solid lubricants (lead or silver) in a vacuum atmosphere. Galinstan is mainly used as a liquid metal lubricant, but it is inevitable to have limited tribological applications owing to its high coefficient of friction. Many researchers work on surface texturing for surface modification and precision processing methods. To increase durability and low friction, DLC coating with hydrophobicity is applied on the contact surface texture. Therefore, using an untextured specimen, a dimple specimen, and a DLC-coated dimple specimen under liquid metal lubrication, this paper presents the following experimental sliding friction characteristics in the sliding friction test. 1) The average coefficient of friction of the DLC-coated dimple specimen and dimple specimen are lower compared to that of a non-patterned specimen. 2) In the DLC-coated dimple specimens, the average coefficient of friction changes according to the change in the dimple density. 3) DLC-coated dimple specimens with a density of 12.5 have the lowest average coefficient of friction under 41.6 N of normal load and 143.3 RPM.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.1317-1321
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• 2007

Aluminized steel sheet that Al coated on low carbon steel has a excellent heat resistance, thermal reflection and corrosion resistance. It has applied to fuel tank, automotive exhaust systems, etc. Laser weldability of the aluminized steel for the full penetration welding will be described in this paper. We focused on the effect of Al coating conditions on weld strength. For these objectives, aluminized steel sheets that has various thickness and coating weight were prepared for laser welding. And then, tensile-shear and hardness test were carried out. At that same time, Al content mixed in weld after laser welding was evaluated and investigated a correlation between the mixed Al and mechanical properties. Besides, as removing partially coating layer, weldability has been investigated according to position of coating layer. As a result of this study, as increasing Al content in weld, tensile-shear strength was decreased. Also it was identified that Al of coating layer caused grain growth.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2014

Recently, there is an increase in the need for precision linear stages with vacuum compatibility in such areas as lithography equipment for wafer or mask manufacturing, mask mastering equipment for optical data storage and electron beam equipment. A simple design, high stiffness and low cost can be achieved by using ball bearings. However, a ball bearing have friction and wear problems just as in ambient air. In order to decrease the friction, a special finish, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film coating, is applied to the surface of a guide rail by sputtering deposition. This paper presents the result of an experimental investigation on the control performance of a ball bearing-guided linear motion stage under two environmental conditions: in air and vacuum. A comparison between the results with and without the DLC coating was also considered in the experimental investigation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2003

우리가 타자기로 글을 쓸 때는 먹지리본을 햄머가 가격하여 종이 위에 글씨 형태의 먹이 묻는 원리로 진행된다. 이러한 원리를 미세 패터닝에 응용하여, 해머 역할을 하는 Nd-YAG 레이저로 유리기판/ 100 ㎚ Cr(먹지)// 실리콘기판(종이)구조의 적층물에 조사시켜 Cr이 실리콘기판 위에 전사됨으로써 미세 패터닝이 가능한지 확인하였다. 제안된 미세 패터닝은 TeraBit/in²급 고밀도 정보저장 또는 반도체 공정의 생산성 향상을 위해 응용이 가능하다. 선폭 50 ㎛급 레이저를 주사속도 200과 1500 ㎜/s Q-스위치 조건을 10,000-50,000 Hz로 변화시키며 마킹을 실시한 결과 Cr의 전사는 진행되지 않았으나, 최종적으로 입사 선폭의 33％ 이하로 마킹이 가능하여 비싼 광학계를 가진 레이저를 대치하여 보다 정밀한 마킹이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1395-1400
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated various cultural and operational factors to enhance electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) using Geobacter sulfurreducens. The pure culture of G. sulfurreducens was cultivated using various substrates including acetate, malate, succinate, and butyrate, with fumarate as an electron acceptor. Cell growth was observed only in acetate-fed medium, when the cell concentrations increased 4-fold for 3 days. A high acetate concentration suppressed electricity generation. As the acetate concentration was increased from 5 to 20 mM, the power density dropped from 16 to $13mW/m^2$, whereas the coulombic efficiency (CE) declined by about half. The immobilization of G. sulfurreducens on the anode considerably reduced the enrichment period from 15 to 7 days. Using argon gas to create an anaerobic condition in the anode chamber led to increased pH, and electricity generation subsequently dropped. When the plain carbon paper cathode was replaced by Pt-coated carbon paper (0.5 mg $Pt/cm^2$), the CE increased greatly from 39% to 83%.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

This paper details application of a DLC(Diamond Like Carbon)-coating to the swash plate and the ball joint of pistons that make sliding contact with the piston shoes of an axial piston pump. This process, aimed to reduce the frictional and leakage power losses of the hydrostatic piston shoe bearings at the low speed range. At lower speeds than 100rpm, the positive effects of the DLC-coating on the power loss reduction of the hydrostatic piston shoe bearings could be confirmed. These effects resulted in little improvement in volumetric efficiency of the test pump, but the mechanical efficiency could be raised by up to 5% at 100rpm; here, the DLC-coated swash plate played a more dominant role than the DLC-coated ball joint.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

An effective capacitive deionization process termed membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is newly designed and experimentally tested for seawater desalination. By preventing co-ions to be expelled, MCDI can improve the ion removal performance, but there is a trade-off between blocking co-ion transfer and increasing contact resistance. The conventional MCDI uses 2D-shaped films which increase contact resistance and reduce desalination performance in the trade-off. In this paper, with the 3-D shape of Nafion coated activated carbon cloth, the mentioned problems are expected to be solved making the desalination performance better. We visualized ion concentration and fluid flows with half-MCDI cell that can measure only efficiency of cathode. We found the optimal number of coatings which have the better efficiency than CMX, commercial cation exchange membrane in fixed current conditions of 100uA.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2012

This paper presents the friction and anti-wear characteristics of nano-oil with a mixture of a refrigerant oil and carbon nano-particles in the thrust slide-bearing of scroll compressors. Frictional loss in the thrust slide-bearing occupies a large part of total mechanical loss in scroll compressors. The characteristics of friction and anti-wear using nano-oil is evaluated using the thrust bearing experimental apparatus for measuring friction surface temperature and the coefficient of friction at the thrust slide-bearing as a function of normal loads up to 4,000 N and rotating speed up to 3,200 rpm. It is found that the coefficient of friction increases with decreasing rotating speed and normal force. The friction coefficient of carbon nano-oil is 0.023, while that of pure oil is 0.03 under the conditions of refrigerant gas R-22 at the pressure of 5 bars. It is believed that carbon nano-particles can be coated on the friction surfaces and the interaction of nano-particles between surfaces can be improved the lubrication in the friction surfaces. Carbon nano-oil enhances the characteristics of the anti-wear and friction at the thrust slide-bearing of scroll compressors.