• Title/Summary/Keyword: Car Interior

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A study of Double Sheet Multi-forming Equipment (2겹 판재 멀티포밍 장치에 관한 연구)

  • Yun, Jae-Woong;Son, Ok-Jong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2017
  • Most motor cases adopt deep drawing products, which are excellent in waterproof functions, concentricity, right angle, and quality. In addition, the blower motor and seat motor, which are installed in the car interior and do not require waterproof function, adopts a multi-forming manufacturing method. The deep drawing process requires an expensive transfer press that can digest approximately 12 processes, such as drawing, trimming and piercing. On the other hand, products can be produced with low investment because the multi-forming method is composed of one multi-forming machine or one multi-forming machine and one press. The multi-forming machine is a high-priced facility that is mostly imported and a bending / shearing process multi-foaming machine, which was developed by domestic small and medium-sized enterprises, is not enough to reduce the production cost. An integral multi - forming machine is used as a limited working method for thin material and small products. A large product and thick material has a high shear load. A large product and thick material has a high shear load and uses a single crank press. After blanking, the worker manually feeds the material to a multi-forming machine. When the bending operation is performed in the multi-forming machine, it is transferred to the press again to calibrate the dimensions. This variance in work processes has resulted in lower cost competitiveness due to the lower productivity, quality issues, and excessive operator input. The aim of this study was to establish a stable and cost - effective production system through bending / shearing process separation and facility automation.

A Study on the Economic Benefit of Urban Parking Lot Tree Shading -In the Case of University of California Davis Parking Lot- (도시 주차장내 수목그늘의 경제적 이익 연구 -미국 캘리포니아 데이비스 대학 주차장을 사례로-)

  • Jang Dong-Su;McPherson E. G.
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.33 no.6 s.113
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    • pp.98-108
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    • 2006
  • The climate of urban area is an unstable type with considerable seasonal variation in precipitation wind speed, and temperature and it grows worse. Besides, ozone is a serious air pollutant in most of large cities. So worldwide, some of large cities are investing in forestry options to offset their climate problems, but lack of information has hindered comparisons of urban un cost effectiveness to other options. This research intends to study the economic benefits of tree shading of 19 parking lots in UCD campus. The economic benefits of tree shading are air conditioning savings, air quality, stormwater run-off, and other benefits. Especially, this study focuses how much the economic benefit of parking lot shading has been increased from 1995 to 2003 year by aerophoto. Some data on dimensions of parking lots and the number, size, tree species, and location of trees around each parking lot was inventoried. Two aerophotos(1995,2003) were used in order to analyze the increasement of tree canopy in 19 parking lots for 8 years. However, increasing coverage of trees and managing them for healthy growth would not be sufficient for avoiding adverse impacts by future climate change. Additional measures should be followed such as an increase of energy use efficiency and development of substitute energy. For example, coverage of trees help to save cooling energy by blocking solar radiation reaching parking cars and building structures through shading, and creating cool micro-climates through evapotranspiration. They also reduce heating demand by decreasing air infiltration and heat conduction out of the interior of buildings. Proper arrangement of vegetation over the parking lots can reduce cooling and heating costs. So proper planting design around hard space paving including species selection and location can significantly save cooling and heating energy. And a reduction in car and building's heating and cooling costs results in the reduction in energy demand which causes to emissions of air pollutants. Total increased tree canopy from 1995 to 2003 is $8,470.45m^2$ and the economic benefits is US$ 5,282.10. The economic benefit of one tree has been US$ 7.21 for 8 years. And an annually increased benefit is US$ 0.9 per a tree. If this kind of study is applied to studying the economic benefits of tree canopy in parking lots of Korea, it could result in guidelines of tree planting of parking lots. Because the trees selected for planting in parking lots were not suitable for an environment, the guidelines should contain a recommended list of trees. The guidelines should propose the shading percentage of parking lot when we plan a parking lot and contain the maintenance of trees in order to maximize the economic benefits of tree canopy.

A study on A-pillar & wiper wind noise estimation using response surface methodology at design stage (반응면 기법을 이용한 A필라/와이퍼 풍절음 예측 연구)

  • Rim, Sungnam;Shin, Seongryong;Shin, Hyunsu
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.292-299
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    • 2018
  • The vehicle exterior design is the main parameter of aerodynamic wind noise, but the modification of it is nearly impossible at a proto-type stage. Therefore, it is very important to verify exterior design and estimate the correct wind noise level at the early vehicle design stages. The numerical simulations of aerodynamic wind noises around A-pillar and wiper were developed for specific vehicle exterior designs, but could not be directly used for the discussions with designers because these need complex modeling and simulation process. This study proposes new approach to A-pillar and wiper wind noise estimation at design stage using response surface methodology of modeFRONTIER, of which database is composed of PowerFLOW simulation, PowerCLAY modeling, SEA-Baced (Statistical Energy Analysis-Based) interior noise simulation, and turbulent acoustic power simulation. New design parameters are defined and their contributions are analyzed. A state-of-the-art, easy and reliable CAT (Computer Aided Test) tool for A-pillar and wiper wind noise are acquired from this study, which shows high usefulness in car development.

A Point-to-Point Shortest Path Algorithm Based on Level Node Selection (레벨 노드 선택 기반 점대점 최단경로 알고리즘)

  • Lee, Sang-Un
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2012
  • This paper suggests an algorithm that can shorten the complexity $O(n^2)$ of Dijkstra algorithm that is applied to the shortest path searching in real-time GPS Navigation System into an up-to-date O(n). Dijkstra algorithm manipulates the distance of the minimum length path by visiting all the nodes from the starting node. Hence, it has one disadvantage of not being able to provide the information on the shortest path every second, in a city that consists of sophisticated roads, since it has to execute number of node minus 1. The suggested algorithm, firstly, runs by means of organizing the set of out-neighbourhood nodes at each level of the tree, and root node for departure node. It also uses a method of manipulating the distance of the minimum path of all out-neighborhoods and interior of the out-neighborhoods. On applying the suggested algorithm to two sophisticated graphs consisted of bi-direction and uni-direction, we have succeeded to obtain the distance of the minimum length path, just as same as Dijkstra algorithm. In addition, it has an effect of shortening the time taken 4 times from number of node minus1 to number of level minus 1. The satisfaction of the drivers can be increased by providing the information on shortest path of detour, every second, when occurs any rush hour or any traffic congestion due to car accident, by applying this suggested algorithm to the real-time GPS system.

A Study on Survey and Analysis of Landscape Plans for Improving the Quality of Life in Rural Areas -Focus on Byeongyeong-myeon, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do- (농촌지역민 삶의 질 개선을 위한 경관계획 조사·분석에 관한 연구 -전라남도 강진군 마량면을 중심으로-)

  • Jeong, Gun-Young
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.133-138
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the methods to activate and functional changes of rural centers to improve residents' quality of life and secure sustainability in rural areas. The existing policy for activating rural centers lacks for placeness because walking-focused features of a Myeon seat have been changed due to the improvement of physical environment for easy car accessibility. They also wanted to solve abandoned houses and secure parking lots in the landscape plan. Based on analysis results, design guidelines were suggested. Long-stay tourism programs for outside visitors should be developed through the rural center activation project. They should be linked with projects for preserving the history of Byeongyeong Fortress and developing Hamel Village. Mountain trails and waterfront should be created to enhance accessibility and linkage methods with other resources should be prepared. As Byeongyeong-myeon has various tourism resources, design guidelines for each element should be made for a macroscopic direction and systematic landscape management.

A Research on the Interior Furniture Model of Mass-Customization Recreational Vehicle Using Product Architecture System (프로덕트 아키텍처 시스템 이론을 활용한 대량 맞춤형 캠핑카 내부 퍼니처 모델 연구)

  • Park, Sung-Hum;Kim Tae-Wan
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.159-175
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    • 2023
  • Mass production has long been the most important production paradigm in establishing a company's strategy as a method of producing various products. However, mass production cannot now be the most important paradigm as companies' competitive environment and consumer needs diversify. In particular, consumers' needs are becoming more diverse and rapidly changing, making it difficult for companies to respond to consumers' needs. Mass customization is the most notable paradigm reflecting this trend, and mass customization aims to produce a variety of products tailored to the needs of customers at a low cost. In this study, the theory and concept of a product architecture system were used to specify a method of realizing mass-customized services, and a case study was conducted focusing on the internal furniture model of a camping car. In particular, unlike previously when companies developed product platforms and modules focusing on productivity, a method of developing and configuring product platforms and modules was suggested by reflecting consumer requirements first, and its effectiveness was considered. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that it was effective in replacement, recyclability, line-up, and chargeability by designing through internal factors of the product architecture system and verifying the effectiveness of the results with external factors. It is expected that further empirical research will be led through a design process using a product architecture system in the future.

Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers (쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로)

  • Park, Kyoung-Won;Park, Ju-Young
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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