• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The small bowel is the most difficult intestinal segment to examine. Radiologic tests are mostly insensitive and double-balloon enteroscopy is unsuitable for the younger child. Capsule endoscopy is a novel wireless method of investigation of the small bowel. The primary indications for capsule endoscopy include evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel Crohn's disease, and polyposis syndromes. Capsule endoscopy offers an accurate and effective means of investigating the small bowel in children. Capsule retention is a potential complication of capsule endoscopy. This review provides the indications, safety, and limitations of wireless capsule endoscopy in children.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 1972

Water vapor sorption of corn starch in various protective film coated capsules in 100% RH chamber for 14 days were as follows: The percent of water vapor sorption were 28.63% in uncoated capsule, 25.16% in hydroxy propylcellulose(HPC) coated capsule, 15.59% in 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine-methyl acrylated-methacrylic acid (MPM) coated capsule and 15.50% in polyvinyl acetal diethyl amino acetate(AEA) coated capsule. 2. Water vapor sorotion of magnesium trisilicate in various protective film coated capsules in 100% RH chamber for 14 days were as follows. The percent of water vapor sorption were 13.91% in uncoated capsule, 13.30% in HPC-coated capsule, 10.87% in MPM-caated capsule and 9.9% in AEA-coated capsule. 3. Water vapor sorption of magnesium carbonate in various protective film coated capsules in 100% RH chamber for 14 days were as follows: The percent of water vapor sorption were 12.48% in uncoated capsule, 10.72% in HPC-coated capsule, 8.10% in MPM coated capsule and 7.8% in AEA-coated capsule. 4. MPM-coated capsules and AEA-canted capsules were mere effective to protect water vapor sorption than HPC-coated capsules.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

A Softgel is an oral dosage form for medicine similar to capsules and softgel dosage form offers several advantages over other oral dosage forms, such as delivering a liquid matrix designed to solubilize and improve the oral bioavailability of a poorly soluble compound as a unit dose solid dosage form, delivering low and ultra-low doses of a compound. This study aimed to qualify a proprietary vegetable soft capsule which contains modified starch and carrageenan as capsule shell components compare to the conventional gelatin softgel. Four kinds of samples were prepared with vegetable and gelatin capsule shell, respectively. Morphology of capsule shell, mechanical strength of capsule, and hygroscopic properties were studied for comparing the quality attributes of softgel. Short-term stability against heat and moisture was also investigated in this study. Vegetable capsule shell showed better mechanical strength, physical stability and disintegration time for temperature and humidity than those of conventional gelatin capsule shell with four different filling materials used frequently as soft capsule form. Conclusively, this vegetable capsule shell polymer system can replace easily gelatin-shell systems and additionally allows encapsulation of lipid fills at high temperatures that are semisolid or solid-like at room temperature.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.228.1-228.1
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• 2003

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare in vitro dissolution characteristics and bioavailability in beagle dog of a hard gelatine capsule containing erdosteine (Yuhan Erdosteine capsule$\^$TM/) with those of commercial product (Erdos capsule$\^$TM/). Methods. Yuhan Erdosteine capsule$\^$TM/ was prepared using erdosteine 300 mg, lactose, magnesium stearate, and others by powder filling method. The dissolution characteristics of Yuhan Erdosteine capsule$\^$TM/ and Erdos capsule$\^$TM/ were determined by USP dissolution apparatus 2. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.232.1-232.1
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• 2003

Purpose. To develop a hard gelatine capsule containing meloxicam (Yuhan Meloxam capsule$\^$TM/), in vitro dissolution characteristics and bioavailability in beagle dog were compared with commercial product (Mobic capsule$\^$TM/). Methods. Meloxicam capsule$\^$TM/ was prepared by powder filling method using meloxicam, lactose, magnesium stearate, and others. The release of Meloxicam capsule$\^$TM/ and Mobic capsule$\^$Tm/ were monitored by USP dissolution method under various dissolution donditions - dissolution medium (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 and water). (omitted)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2012

The examination of small bowel in Crohn's disease (CD) is very important. Capsule endoscopy (CE) has been recognized as a good tool for evaluation of small bowel. The capsule placement is achieved endoscopically for Children not to swallow capsule. CE is superior to any other modalities for examination of small-bowel. The large portion of pediatric patients with known CD were found with CE to have more extensive and newly diagnostic small-bowel disease. All of them had therapeutic changes. The most side effect of CE is capsule retention. The capsule retention rate in pediatric CD is about 7.3%. The patency capsule helps to predict the possibility of capsule retention. For the improving of the diagnostic accuracy, the experience of more than 20 readings of CE is needed.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.301-307
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• 2014

This paper presents a numerical study on the constrained melting of a phase change material inside various capsule containers, using water and HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) as a PCM and a capsule material, respectively. The computations are based on an iterative, finite-volume numerical procedure that incorporates a single-domain enthalpy formulation for simulation of the phase change phenomenon. Using the enthalpy method, various capsule configurations, such as a capsule from E company, an isochoric cylinder capsule, an equivalent diameter sphere capsule, and an isochoric sphere capsule, are used to investigate the effect of capsule configurations on the charging and discharging performance. A transient three-dimensional model is used for each case. The simulation results show that the capsule from E company results in a higher melting and solidification rate of the PCM, than the other capsule configurations considered in this research.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.344-350
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• 2021

As the High Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor (HANARO) has been recently required to support new R&D relevant to future nuclear systems requiring a much higher neutron fluence, the development of irradiation capsule technology for long-term irradiation testing was performed in three steps (3, 5, 10 dpa). At first, several design improvements of a standard capsule were suggested based on a failure analysis of the capsule and successfully applied for irradiation testing at HANARO at up to eight reactor operation cycles equivalent to 3 dpa. Based on a schematic stress analysis of the vulnerable parts of the previous capsule, an optimized design of the capsule was made for 5 dpa irradiation. The newly designed capsule was safely out-pile tested up to 450 days, which was equivalent to 5 dpa irradiation in the reactor. The test results were submitted to the Reactor Safety Review Committee of HANARO and irradiation testing for 5 dpa was approved. The capsule was also successfully out-pile tested to evaluate the possibility of irradiation testing for 10 dpa. For a higher neutron fluence exceeding 10 dpa, new capsule technologies, including a new capsule that has a different bottom design and neutron flux boosting capsule, were also suggested.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint is a common disease characterized by pain at the insertional area of the deltoid muscle and decreased range of motion. The pathophysiological process involves fibrous inflammation of the capsule and intraarticular adhesion of synovial folds leading to capsular thickening and contracture. Regarding the multidirectional limitation of motion, a limitation in external rotation is especially prominent, which is related to not only global fibrosis but also to a localized tightness of the anterior capsule. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging studies can be applied to rule out other structural lesions in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. Hydraulic distension of the shoulder joint capsule provides pain relief and an immediate improvement in range of motion by directly expanding the capsule along with the infusion of steroids. However, the optimal technique for hydraulic distension is still a matter of controversy, with regards to the infusion volume and rupture of the capsule. By monitoring the real-time pressure-volume profile during hydraulic distension, the largest possible fluid volume can be infused without rupturing the capsule. The improvement in clinical outcomes is shown to be greater in capsule-preserved hydraulic distension than in capsule-ruptured distension. Moreover, repeated distension is possible, which provides additional clinical improvement. Capsule-preserved hydraulic distension with maximal volume is suggested to be an efficacious treatment option for persistent adhesive capsulitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.367-368
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• 2002

The design of capsule body for self-propelled endoscope is important from the frictional resistance point of view. The capsule should be able to overcome the frictional resistance in order to move along the intestine. The motivation of this work was to gain a better understanding of the capsule body design on the frictional resistance of the capsule inside an intestine. A special experimental set-up was built to measure the frictional resistance as the capsule was being pulled inside the pig intestine specimen. Tests were performed with open and closed intestine specimens. Experimental data showed that smooth cylindrical capsule geometry resulted in the least frictional resistance. The resistance inside the closed intestine specimen was about four times higher than that of the open specimen. It is expected that the results of this work will be used to design the optimum propulsion system for the microendoscope.