• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

Background: The study aimed to determine the type of capsular insertion and the extent of capsular elongation in anterior shoulder instability by quantitatively evaluating their computed tomography arthrographic (CTA) findings, and to investigate the correlation of these parameters with surgical outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 71 patients who underwent CTA and arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability between April 2004 and August 2008. The control group comprised 72 patients diagnosed as isolated type II superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion during the period. Among the 143 patients, 71 were examined with follow-up CTA at an average 13.8 months after surgery. It was measured the capsular length and cross-sectional area at two distinct capsular regions: the 4 and 5 o'clock position of the capsule. Results: With regards to the incidence of the type of anterior capsular insertion, type I was more common in the control group, whereas type III more common than in the instability group. Anterior capsular length and cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the instability group than in the control group. Among patients of the instability group, the number of dislocations and the presence of anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion were significantly associated with anterior capsular redundancy. Postoperatively, recurrence was found in 3 patients (4.2%) and their postoperative capsular length and cross-sectional area were greater than those of patients without recurrence. Conclusions: Capsular insertion type and capsular redundancy derived through CTA may serve as important parameters for the management of anterior shoulder instability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1999

본 연구는 임상형 및 준임상형 유방염에 이환된 젖소의 유즙에서 분리된 24주의 황색포도상구균에 대한 capsular polysaccharide(CP)형을 확인하고, 1% 토끼 혈청이 함유된 serum-soft agar 배지에서 집락의 모양을 관찰하였다. 또한 동물에 따라 우세한 CP형의 차이가 있는지를 비교하고자 개에서 분리된 13주에 대하여 동일한 실험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 집락모양을 관찰한 결과 젖소 유래 24주 중 16주(66.7%)는 diffuse, 5주(20.8%)는 compact, 나머지 3주(12.5%)는 분류가 불가능(indeterminate)하였다. CP형 확인결과 9주(37.5%)는 type 5, 2주(8.3%)는 type 8, 13주(54.2%)는 분류가 불가능(non-typeable)하였다. 한편, 개에서 분리된 균주 중 1주(type 8)를 제외한 12주(92.3%)는 type 5로 분류되었으며, 13주 중 8주(61.5%)가 diffuse형의 집락을 보였다. 본 실험에 사용한 균주의 수가 충분하지 못한 문제가 있지만 동물에 따라 우세한 CP형이 다를 수 있으며 분류 불가능한 균주가 상대적으로 높은 비율을 차지하였는데 이는 새로운 CP형의 분류형이 필요함을 시사하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 type 5와 type 8만을 포함한 유방염 백신은 한계가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 1996

The Pneumococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, has an ample polysaccharide (PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the main virulence factor of the organism. The capsular PS is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsular PS by type 4 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based medium were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 4 at the same level. Therefore in this study, the Casitone based medium was used to study optimization of the culture condition because of BHI broth's high cost and complex nature. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was exponential phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.8% did not enhance growth or PS production. Substitution of nitrogen sources with other resources or supplementation of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium, copper, and magnesium ions) had adverse effects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration and supplementation of 3 mg/l concentration of asparagine, phenylalanine, or threonine were beneficial for increased PS production. The synergistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cumulative increase in capsular PS production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.487-492
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• 1989

The capsular serogroupes and drug susceptibility of 111 isolates of Pasteurella multocida from pigs with atrophic rhinitis and pneumonic lesions were investigated. Of the 111 P multocida isolates, 42 were from lung lesions, 47 from nasal turbinate lesions and the remaining 22 from the nasal swabs. P multocida isolates were typed for capsular serogroupes A by hyaluronidase inhibition of capsule and D by acriflavine auto-agglutination. Most isolates(64.9%) were type A, 23.4% were type D and the remaining 11.7% were untypable. Resistance to triple sulfa(97.3%) was most frequent, followed by resistance to tiamulin(71.2%), tylosin(56.8%), streptomycin(36.9%), and neomycin(36.0%). The majority of the organisms were susceptible in order of prevalence to baytril(100%), ampicillin(98.2%), linsmycin(97.3%), colistin(97.3%), cephalothin(94.6%), gentamicin(93.7%), amikacin(92.3%), tetracycline(91.9%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(91.0%), and kanamycin(90.1%). No differences in drug resistance in relation to capsular serogroupes of P multocida and the origin of lesions were noted. A high prevalence of multiple drug resistance was observed and the most common resistant patterns were Sss, Tm, Ty(12.6%) and Sm, Sss, Tm, Ty(8.1%) patterns.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1336-1342
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• 2012

In Burkholderia pseudomallei, the pathogen that causes melioidosis, the gene cluster encoding the capsular polysaccharide, is located on chromosome 1. Among the 19 capsular genes in this cluster, wzm has not been thoroughly studied. To study the function of wzm, we generated a deletion mutant and compared it with the wild-type strain. The mutant produced less biofilm in minimal media and was more sensitive to desiccation and oxidative stress compared with the wild-type strain, indicating that wzm is involved in biofilm formation and membrane integrity. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the bacterial cells of the mutant strain have more defined surfaces with indentations, whereas cells of the wild-type strain do not.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.164-166
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• 1997

MR arthrography is a useful modality for evaluating the labrocapsular ligamentous complex(LOLC) of the shoulder. This study was performed to describe normal anatomic variations and pitfalis in image interpretation related to evaluation of the LOLC. MR Arthrogram of 56 shoulders in 41 asymptomatic young, active volunteers were prospectively reviewed to evaluate the labral shapes. capsular insertions and images which may mimic the lesions of glenohumoral instability. The anterior and posterior parts of the labra. respectively. varied in shape: triangular$(72\%,\; 36\%)$. round $(13\%,\; 35\%)$. cleaved$(8\%,\; 1\%)$. notched$(2\%,\; 0\%)$. flat$(5\%,\; 24\%)$ and absent$(0\%,\; 4\%)$. The anterior and posterior capsular insertions. respectively. varied in sites: Mosely and Oevergaard type I$(82\%,\;62\%)$, type II$(13\%,\; 3\%)$ and type III $(5\%,\; 2\%)$. A number of pitfalls in image interpretation were discovered. Articular cartilage undercutting the labrum$(29\%)$ and middle glenohumoral ligament in proximity to anterior labrum $(5\%)$ simulated a labral tear. Joint fluid interposed in the central. superior portion of the sublabral sulci$(25\%)$ simulated a SLAP lesion. Synovial fold$(38\%)$ in axillary pouch resembled a loose body. Knowledge of normal variations and pitfalls in MR arthrogram image interpretation of labral capsular - ligamentous complex will help the orthopedist to accurately detect debilitating derangements associated with the glenohumeral instability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.186-186
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• 1996

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, has an ample polysaccharide(PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsular PS by type 1 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based media were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 1 at the same level. Because BHI medium is rather expensive and more complex than the Casitone based media, the Casitone based media was used to study optimization of the culture condition. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was logarithmic phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.2% did not enhance growth or PS production. Substitution of nitrogen sources with other resources or supplemention of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium ion) had adverse effects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration was beneficial for increased PS production. Addition of 3 mg/I concentration of methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine were found to enhance growth and PS production. The synergistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cumulative increase in capsular PS production.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 1999

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most frequent causative agent of acute bacterial pneumonia. Outstanding characteristic of pneumococcus is an ample polysaccharide capsule that is highly anti-genic agent and is the major factor for classification of pneumococcus into more than 94 serotypes. In this study, production of capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23 was optimized by supplementation of metal ions or by modulation of culture conditions. When brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was supplemented with 1 mM concentration of $CaCl_2$, $CuSO_4$ and $MgSO_4$, growth of pneumococcus as well as polysaccharide yield were stimulated. Also slight aeration gave rise to better polysaccharide yield.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2019

Background Implant-related deformities in aesthetic rhinoplasty are a major problem for rhinoplasty surgeons. Capsular contracture is believed to be the pathological cause of delayed contour deformities, comparable to breast implant-related contracture. This study investigated the prevalence of bacterial biofilms and other epidemiological factors related to capsular contracture in cases of silicone augmentation rhinoplasty. Methods Thirty-three patients who underwent corrective rhinoplasty due to a delayed contour deformity or aesthetic revision after implant rhinoplasty were studied from December 2014 to December 2016. All recruited patients received surgical correction by the authors. The patients were categorized by clinical severity into four grades. Demographic data and related confounding factors were recorded. Samples of capsular tissue and silicone removed from each patient were analyzed for the presence of a biofilm by ultrasonication with bacterial culture and scanning electron microscopy. Results Thirty-three paired samples of capsular tissue and silicone implants from the study group were analyzed. Biofilms were detected in one of 10 subjects (10%) with grade 1 contracture, two of four (50%) with grade 2 contracture, 10 of 14 (71.40%) with grade 3 contracture, and four of five (80%) with grade 4 contracture (P<0.05). The organisms found were Staphylococcus epidermidis (47.10%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (35.30%), and Staphylococcus aureus (17.60%). Conclusions As with breast implant-related capsular contracture, silicone nasal augmentation deformities likely result from bacterial biofilms. We demonstrated the prevalence of biofilms in patients with various degrees of contracture. Implant type and operative technique seemed to have only vague correlations with biofilm presence.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2004

As the multidirection and posterior instabilities of the shoulder are not only uncommon but responds well to conservative treatment, the shoulder instabilities which requires surgical treatment are traumatic anterior type in most cases, Although various surgical procedures had been used in the past, Bankart procedure is the standard surgical method as a primary procedure in traumatic anterior instability, Nevertheless there has been changes in the techniques of Bankart procedure in order to minimize decrease of external rotation and effectively address capsular laxilty, Capsular shift might be needed if there remains excessive capsular laxity of the inferior capsule after repair of the Bankart lesion, Large bony Bankart lesion should be fixed if possible and severe glenoid rim erosion requires extracapsular bone block after repair of the capsule. Although a few surgical procedures are described for the management of Hill-Sachs lesion in special circumstances, Hill-Sachs lesion does not usually need to be addressed.