• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.207-216
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• 2006

Even though the notion exists that wall paper has got a short durability for interior decoration in terms of paper's nature, it can be the most important element among the modern dosing wall papering because of the variation of the walls visual effect. Wall paper hasn't been preserved well according to the paper's character and official records haven't been done well. So, by studying a case in which a room is maintained well, seeing various commercial samples which were used for an advertisement and reading several booklets it is possible to study historical evidence. In regard to wall paper and Papering. data, the commercial historic nature of the traditional wall papering has been recognized again in order to study the root of the technical and commercial background. In theory, the historic background research of traditional wall paper in the past is said to have established its theoretical system and the development of modern wall papering in the middle of Britain in 18th century. Through the theoretical study of wall papering, the following things have been researched: handling don the method of the traditional wall papering and lining paper, stylization of pattern by using the method of continual linking, subdivision of commercial cost and specialization of wallpaper, handing down the past traditional adhesion method, the origin of string wallpaper, utility of traditional wallpaper and its various abilities, the change from the face to face linking to duplicated linking, the development of DIY products by women's wallpaper selections. Put against other materials, wallpaper remains the most popular and preferable product for managing a wall and provides a decorative, wall dosing technique. This study can estimate the source of wallpapering history in order to create a systemic approach towards the future's wallpaper industry. This is very important data in order to establish a theoretical system of traditional wallpapering according to its historical research about wallpapering skills and its commercial aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

Stow-net is originally spreaded with a lifting beam and a depressing beam. The net is improved by using canvas-made spreading devices by Mr. Han and his colleagues in the beginning of 1980's. The net is improved again by changing the partial shape of netting and arrangement of net pendants so as to be fitting with the actual performance of the net by Dr. Lee and his colleagues since 1988. The author studied to compare the fishing efficiency of those two kinds of nets(The former which was improve by Mr. Han is expressed as a traditional net and the latter improved again by Dr. Lee is expressed as an improved net in the present study). Twenty-one stow-netters concerned with the present study were selected among those based on the Port of Inchon, and were classified into two groups-eleven of them are a traditional net used group and ten are an improved net used group. The data on the fishing operation from August 1992 to March 1993, including the catch, the price of sell, the fishing operated times in every cruise and the fished position noticed by every stow-netter were offered by concerned stow-netters. From the data the times of operation, catch and value in every cruise were extracted and analyzed. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The times of operation in cruise were 13.7 by the traditional net used group and 12.7 by the improved net used group. 2. The mean catch per cruise showed 10.1M/T in the traditional net used group and 12.2M/T in the improved net used group, so the latter showed 21% better. 3. The mean catch per operation showed 0.7M/T in the traditional net used group and 0.9M/T in the improved net used group, so the latter showed 28% better. 4. The rate of three important species(starks, hair tail and croakers) in the total catch showed 83%, and the catch showed greater by the improved net used group at the rate of starks 141%, hair tail 110%, croakers 107%. 5. The rate of three important species in the total price showed 82%, but the price of starks which occupied the biggest in catch showed merely 5%, then the economical efficiency appeared low. 6. The mean price per stow-netter and per operation showed about 20%, greater respectively by the improved net used group and the mean price per operation by two important species(hair tail and croakers) showed greater about 30% by the improved net used group.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.200-207
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• 2020

The purpose of the establishment of Fab Lab is to promote the sustainable development of local communities around the world. To this end, The Fab foundation are preparing a resource-circulating society that maintains a city's self-sufficiency rate of 50% or more by 2054. In developed countries, Fab Lab is not only a manufacturing space for startup support, but an open innovation space for learning and creation. In addition, in emerging countries, Fab Lab is playing a role as a digital production center to create and share appropriate new technologies by reflecting the needs of local communities. India has 70 Fab Labs, the largest emerging country, ahead of Russia's 48. India's Fab Lab is conducting a collaboration project through regular meetings held every six months. The subject of this study, Fab Lab Vigyan Ashram, is defined as a place to transfer the concept of digital lab to alternative schools in rural India. In this study, we looked at a case in which an alternative school for an agricultural community called Vigyan Ashram, the modern version of the Gurukula system, successfully combined with the digital fabrication called Fab Lab to become a new citizen-led making community of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Based on this, we explored the development model of the Indian Fab Lab that fits the local situation.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2021

This study is a quasi-experimental study designed to examine the effects of color therapy on job stress and depression by applying color therapy to intensive care unit nurses. The subjects of this study were S hospital located in S city, a secondary medical institution with 500 beds, P hospital located in B city, and nurses in the intensive care unit of two general hospitals. The data collection period was 8 weeks from November 2, 2020 to December 25, 2020, with 29 patients in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The data were analyzed by chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS WIN 22.0 program. The experimental group applied color therapy twice a day (before and after work) using a standardized canvas frame painted in yellow, red, blue, and three colors, and a total of 20 times for 10 days, and the control group lived and woked as usual without appiled color therapy. As a result of study, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in job stress score by 0.43 points and depression score by 0.26 points compared to the control group

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2024

In this paper, we studied projection mapping, which is being utilized as a digital canvas beyond space and time for theme parks, mega events, and exhibition performances. Since the existing projection technology used for fixed objects has the limitation that it is difficult to map moving objects in terms of utilization, it is urgent to develop a technology that can track and map moving objects and a real-time dynamic projection mapping system based on dynamically moving objects so that it can respond to various markets such as performances, exhibitions, and theme parks. In this paper, we propose a system that can track real-time objects in real time and eliminate the delay phenomenon by developing hardware and performing high-speed image processing. Specifically, we develop a real-time object image analysis and projection focusing control unit, an integrated operating system for a real-time object tracking system, and an image processing library for projection mapping. This research is expected to have a wide range of applications in the technology-intensive industry that utilizes real-time vision machine-based detection technology, as well as in the industry where cutting-edge science and technology are converged and produced.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2024

In this study, the regeneration effect of pressurized water and ultrasonic cleaning was investigated for contaminated filter cloth from the sewage sludge filter press process. For this purpose, contaminated filter cloth was collected from a 3-ton sewage sludge hydrothermal carbon treatment filter press. First, the contamination characteristics were analyzed. According to the location of the filter cloth, air permeability and unit mass were measured, and compared with the values of a new filter cloth. Next, the results were mapped over the entire area to evaluate the contamination characteristics. Finally, pressure cleaning at 3 bar and ultrasound at frequencies of 34, 76, 120, and 168 kHz were performed on the contaminated filter cloth. In addition, the cleaning efficiency was evaluated by 3 levels of contamination degree. As a result, pore contamination occurred mainly at the bottom and both sides of the filter cloth, where the filter material was continuously injected and compressed. Surface contamination appeared evenly over the entire area. As a result of washing, air permeability increased by 1.3-3.1%p and contaminant removal was by 2.7-4.4% under pressure. In ultrasonic cleaning, air permeability increased by 12.5-61.5%p and contaminants were removed by 2.7-29.2%. In ultrasonic cleaning the lower the frequency, the higher air permeability and contaminant removal rate. Also, The higher pore contamination level, the better the air permeability improvement and contaminant removal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1988

Stow nets have widely been used in the western sea of Korea from the olden age. The original structure of a stow net is a large square-sectional bag net made of 4 netting panels, and the front fringes of top and bottom panels are connected to the top and bottom beams respectively. Wire ropes, which is originated from the holding anchor are gradually forked and biforked, and finally 4 pieces of wire rope (biforked pendants) are jointed to each beam. Much convenience caused by long and heavy beams were problemed, then some studies have been carried out to improve the net since 1930's. The most effective improvement were achieved in 1980 by Mr. Han and his colleagues. The key point of improvement was that the beams were removed and the belt shaped shearing device made by canvas was attached to the side panels, the head rope and ground rope to the front fringe of top and bottom panel, and biforked pendants are joined to the shearing device. Even though this is the epoch-making improvement of a stow net, the further study should be required to find out more effective method. The authors carried out a model experiment on the stow net to determine the vertical and horizontal opening of a net mouth, and also examine the front, top and side-view configuration of the net. The model net was constructed depending on the Similarity Law of Fishing Gear in 1/10 and 1/20 scale and set against to the current at shallow and speedy flowing channel. The vertical and horizontal openings were determined by using scaled bamboo poles, and the configuration was observed by using specially prepared observation platform and underwater observation glass, and also photographed by using specially prepared underwater photographic equipment. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The opening height and width of the shearing device varied in accordance with the relative length of the biforked pendants. Considering the height and width of shearing device in 6 cases of the arrangement system of biforked pendants, the best result was obtained in the case that the 2nd, 3rd and 4th pendents from the bottom-most was 5%, 9% and 4% longer than that. 2. On the top-view configuration the excessive deformation of head rope and ground rope were observed. In the actual net, 54m long head rope and ground rope were attached to the front fringe of top and bottom panels so that the head rope may be lifted to make the net mouth open highly. But actually the head rope and the ground rope are streamed backward without any lift, and also the netting followed the ropes were deformed until the 2/5 in the whole length of the net. This deformation may be guessed to disturb the entrance of fish school into the net and also caused the net to get caught by obstacles in the sea bed and to be broken largely. 3. Hydrodynamic resistance R of the actual net may be deduced as R(kg)=29.2$\times$103 v1.65. It is also expressed as R(kg)=5.9$\times$d/l$\times$ab v1.65. depending on the formula deduced by Koyama to estimate the resistance of trawl nets, where d/l denote the ratio between diameter of netting twine and length of mesh leg in every part of side panel, a and b, the stretched circumference of the mouth and the stretched length of the net, respectively.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.3
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• pp.145-177
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• 2001

The artist's interest has been captivated by ecological phenomena in Nature. Her keen captivation has then been focused into plastic art depicting the image of primitive life. The wide sweep of her work encompasses the totality of nature which consists of the human's subconscious power and imagination which she then portrays by organic images. These organic images are in contrast to scientific, mathematical and logical inference and consciousness. This research examines the character of the organic images in modern art by her analysis of some representative works by others. The image is an essential concept in the art which appeared in very different ways and in different perspectives. The image in the artwork appears to be the realistic expression until the early part of the 20th Century. Well into the 20th Century, it began being expressed in various ways such as combined images by imagination which is combined or rejected in the story of artwork. It also began being expressed by transferred images by changed original conditions. It is the main purpose of this research is to study of various expressions of organic images in the artwork of the Post-Modernism era. The character and meaning of organic image painting helps people to approach the human instinct more easily to find out the natural essence. It is also an objective of the organic image to tenderise our human sensibilities, thus helping us to regain vitality and recover our poor humanity in the barren wilderness of modern society. 'Life communion with nature' is a meeting point and common ground for Oriental Philosophy and organic image painting. Through this research, organic image painting is characterised in the four following ways : 1st) Organic image painting seeks regularity and perfection of outer shapes, in contrast to disordered and deformed nature, resulting in organic and biotic formalistic mode of plastic art. 2nd) Organic image painting seeks the formative. 3rd) Organic image painting pursues the priceless dignity of life by researching the formatted arrangement and figure, which contains primitive power of life. 4th) Organic image painting makes crystal clear the power of human and nature, which is a historic and biological phenomenon. This, in turn, exposes the humanistic view of the world from modern society best characterised in lost self-understanding, isolation and materialism. The representative organic image painting artists are Elizabeth Murray, Kusama Yayoi, and Niki do Saint Phalle. Elizabeth Murray used shaped canvas and a round construction of relief works. Kusama Yayoi used Automatistic expressionism originating from the realms of unconsciousness and which is represented by the mass and shape of a water drop. Niki do Saint Phalle shows the transcendence of universal life and anti-life to respect the dignity of life and the eco-friendliness relationship of human and nature in the post-modernism in art history. This is accomplished by surrealistic, symbolic, fantastic and humoristic expression. These three artists' works express the spirit of the organic image in contemporary art. It contains the stream of nature and life to seek not only the state of materialism in the reality, but also the harmonized world of nature and human which has almost lost the important meaning in modern times. Finally, this organic image is the plastic language of the majestic life. It is the romantic idea that the intimacy of nature and the universe and Surrealism, which emphasizes the unconsciousness , is the source of truth and spirit. Also it is influenced by primitive art and abstract art. According to this research, the subject 'Research About Organic Images' is not only an important element in the plastic arts from primitive society to the present, but is also fundamental to an true understanding of Post-Modernism.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2013

The results of this research to study forms, structure, changes, symbolic meanings of 16 Hahoe sceneries through analyses of "Hahwaesipyukgyeong" and "Hahwaenakgangsanghaildaedo" are as belows. The coherence of headword is not discovered in 16 Hahoe sceneries, but based on various variables and sense dependence, endemicity with original natural scenes, human's life and phenomena of riverside village are spread in 3km viewing areas within 200m from Gyeonamjeongsa(謙巖精舍) and Okyeonjeongsa(玉淵精舍). As the viewing points of Gyeonam and Okyeonjeongsa are symmetrically facing and separately independent, while viewing angles do not intersect at Wonjijeongsa (遠志精舍) and Binyeonjeongsa(賓淵精舍) because of Buyongdae(芙蓉臺), and crating each independent viewing area, we can see 16 Hahoe sceneries are perfect views by supplementing Gyeonam and Okyeon Jeongsa, as well as points of views from Wonji and Binyeonjeongsa. Meanwhile, as the view point of 16 Hahoe sceneries, Gyeomam, Okyeon, Binyeon, and Wonji Jeongsa are clearly described, and 12 natural sceneries, which are Hwasan(花山), Ipam(立巖), Maam(馬巖), Jando(棧道), Bangi(盤磯), Hoengju(橫舟), and Honggyo(虹橋), among landscape elements of 16 Hahoe sceneries that can be expressed on canvas in the Haoedo are realistically described, there is high possibility that Haoedo is the 'Mental Stroll about Nature(臥遊) of 16 Hahoe sceneries. The belted forest surrounding the village in the painting is assumed to be an erosion control forest, and considering row-expressed trees, the south belted forest may be a different broad-leaved forest from current Mansongjeong(萬松亭) pine forest. In 16 Hahoe sceneries, there is Neo-confucianism tendency, which connects the nature and human life, and moreover prioritize human life than the nature. Especially as seen in the 'Choljae(拙齋)', the pen name of 16 Hahoe sceneries' author park, the 16 Hahoe scenery poet suggests 'Beauty of Jolbak(拙撲美)' based on the simple life that upright classical scholars pursued as the basic emotion. The thinking system shown in the poet is interpreted as Neo-confucianism category including one's sense and emotion depended on natural features or phenomena. Ultimately, 16 Hahoe sceneries are landscape that reflects moral world views of Confucianism scholars who wanted to express ideal thoughts based on natural features and phenomena in reality at Jeongsa in Buyongdae and Hahoe Village.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.12
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• pp.97-124
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• 2007

The paper examined whether the fine arts education needed concept of 'Yu' that was suggested by, 'Soyoyu' of Jangja, a representative philosopher of Doka. At first, the paper defined concept of 'Yu' of Jangja as well as background and needs of the fine arts education, and investigated values of 'Yu' of the Oriental painting in aesthetic way to examine whether today's Yu concept can be applied to modern Oriental fine arts education to express. Chapter 2 examined concept and thought of 'strolling (Yu)', and Chapter 3 did background and needs of the fine arts education. Chapter 4 examined an access to practical technique education of the Oriental painting through 'strolling (Yu)': At first, the chapter investigated 'Heosil' of space concept that was researched at Chapter 2, 'Pilmuk' of expression technique, and 'Saeui' of state of spiritual canvas of painters. The findings were as follow: Firstly, when relation between Yu and Oriental paintings was investigated based on formative idea, 'Heo' reminded appreciators of association of ideas, hint and imagination, etc by, 'Sil' that other objects disclosed intrinsic attributes so that it indicated border of positive forgetfulness expressed by artists to have same border between 'Heo' and 'Yu'. Therefore, both 'Heo' and 'Sil' could build up expression as well as appreciation ability by experiencing formative idea to develop creativity and to build emotion and to cognize needs of the fine arts education. Secondly, the artistic state of 'Shin', 'Ki (Simjae)', 'Jeonshin' and, Saeui', etc could be expressed with strength and weakness of both Yin and Yang of Pilmuk. Therefore, the Pilmuk were linked even with creation of both Hyeongsa and artistic form of Saeui. Therefore, freedom at border of spiritual 'strolling' could produce creative power being expressed by thinking, natural appreciation ability, and education that could judge values of aesthetic culture. Therefore, cultivation of aesthetic eye, development of creativity, build up of formative ability and education of human nature, etc could keep identity of the Oriental fine arts education at various modern fine arts.