• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.862-868
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• 2016

Goats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest species of domesticated animals. Native Korean goats are a particularly interesting group, as they are indigenous to the area and were raised in the Korean peninsula almost 2,000 years ago. Although they have a small body size and produce low volumes of milk and meat, they are quite resistant to lumbar paralysis. Our study aimed to reveal the distinct genetic features and patterns of selection in native Korean goats by comparing the genomes of native Korean goat and crossbred goat populations. We sequenced the whole genome of 15 native Korean goats and 11 crossbred goats using next-generation sequencing (Illumina platform) to compare the genomes of the two populations. We found decreased nucleotide diversity in the native Korean goats compared to the crossbred goats. Genetic structural analysis demonstrated that the native Korean goat and cross-bred goat populations shared a common ancestry, but were clearly distinct. Finally, to reveal the native Korean goat's selective sweep region, selective sweep signals were identified in the native Korean goat genome using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and a cross-population composite likelihood ratio test (XP-CLR). As a result, we were able to identify candidate genes for recent selection, such as the CCR3 gene, which is related to lumbar paralysis resistance. Combined with future studies and recent goat genome information, this study will contribute to a thorough understanding of the native Korean goat genome.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5834-5840
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• 2013

최근 들어, 초고속의 유무선 인터넷과 스마트 기기가 널리 보급됨에 따라 사진이나 동영상 형태의 유해 영상들이 급속히 보급되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 입력되는 영상에서 음란성을 대표하는 여성의 유두 영역을 자동으로 추출하여 유해 영상을 보다 효과적으로 탐지하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 먼저 입력된 영상의 RGB 색상공간을 $YC_bC_r$ 공간으로 변환하여 사람의 피부색상 영역을 검출한다. 그리고 본 논문에서 새롭게 정의한 유두 맵을 적용하여 검출된 피부 영역으로부터 유두의 후보 영역들을 추출한다. 그런 다음, 기하학적인 특징을 사용하여 유두의 후보영역 중에서 실제 유두 영역만을 강건하게 필터링하고, 여성의 유두 영역을 포함하고 있는 영상을 유해한 영상이라고 판단한다. 성능을 비교 평가하는 실험결과에서는 제안된 색상과 기하학적인 특징 기반의 알고리즘이 유해 영상을 기존의 방법에 비해 보다 정확하게(4.1% 향상) 탐지한다는 것을 실험을 통해 보여준다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2004

Chlorella is a eukaryotic microalgae which shares metabolic pathways with higher plants. These charac-teristics make chlorella a potential candidate for eukaryotic overexpression systems. Recently, a foreign flounder growth hormone gene was stably introduced and expressed in transformed Chlorella ellipsoidea by using a modified plant transformation vector that contains cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S pro-moter and the phleomycin resistant Sh ble gene as a selection marker. In this study, this same vector was modified by incorporating a promoter and a 3' UTR region of the 33kDa peptide gene from a chlorella virus that was isolated in our laboratory. The 33kDa gene promoter was used to replace the 35S promoter and the 3' UTR was introduced to separate the target gene and downstream Sh ble gene. Three different chlorella transformation vectors containing human erythropoietin (EPO) gene were constructed. The mp335EPO vector consists of a promoter from the 33kDa peptide gene, whereas the mp3353EPO vector contains the same promoter from the 33kDa peptide gene and its 3' UTR. The mp35S33pEPO vector contains the 35S promoter and the 3' UTR from the 33 kDa peptide gene. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of EPO protein in chlorella cells transformed with either of three of the transformation vectors. These data indicate that the promoters from the chlorella virus are comparable to the most common CaMV 35S promoter. Furthermore, these data suggest that other promoters from this virus can be used in future construction of chlorella transformation system for higher expression of target proteins.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2014

Cognitive impairment is a result of dementia of diverse causes, such as cholinergic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine. It has biological activities including protective effects against amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) toxicity, via regulation of calcium homeostasis, in rat hippocampal cells. To extend previous reports, we investigated the effects of water extracts of H. cordata herb (HCW) on tauopathies, also involving calcium influx. We then confirmed the effects of HCW in improving memory impairment and neuronal damage in mice with Ab-induced neurotoxicity. We also investigated the effects of HCW against scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in mice. In primary neuronal cells, HCW inhibited the phosphorylation of tau by regulating p25/p35 expression in $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity. In mice with $A{\beta}$-induced neurotoxicity, HCW improved cognitive impairment, as assessed with behavioral tasks, such as novel object recognition, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tasks. HCW also inhibited the degeneration of neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in Ab-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, HCW, which had an $IC_{50}$ value of $79.7{\mu}g/ml$ for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment significantly in Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks. These results indicate that HCW improved cognitive impairment, due to cholinergic dysfunction, with inhibitory effects against tauopathies and cholinergic antagonists, suggesting that HCW may be an interesting candidate to investigate for the treatment of AD.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 2002

Wafer bonding methods such as fusion and anodic bonding suffer from high temperature treatment, long processing time, and possible damage to the micro-scale sensor or actuators. In the localized bonding process, beating was conducted locally while the whole wafer is maintained at a relatively low temperature. But previous research of localized heating has some problems, such as non-uniform soldering due to non-uniform heating and micro crack formation on the glass capsule by thermal stress effect. To address this non-uniformity problem, a new heater configuration is being proposed. By keeping several points on the heater strip at calculated and constant potential, more uniform heating, hence more reliable wafer bonding could be achieved. The proposed scheme has been successfully demonstrated, and the result shows that it will be very useful in hermetic packaging. Less than 0.2 ㎫ contact Pressure were used for bonding with 150 ㎃ current input for 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ width, 2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ height and 8mm $\times$ 8mm, 5mm$\times$5mm, 3mm $\times$ 3mm sized phosphorus-doped poly-silicon micro heater. The temperature can be raised at the bonding region to 80$0^{\circ}C$, and it was enough to achieve a strong and reliable bonding in 3minutes. The IR camera test results show improved uniformity in heat distribution compared with conventional micro heaters. For gross leak check, IPA (Isopropanol Alcohol) was used. Since IPA has better wetability than water, it can easily penetrate small openings, and is more suitable for gross leak check. The pass ratio of bonded dies was 70%, for conventional localized heating, and 85% for newly developed FP scheme. The bonding strength was more than 30㎫ for FP scheme packaging, which shows that FP scheme can be a good candidate for micro scale hermetic packaging.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.106-106
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• 2011

Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have attracted great attention as a promising candidate for various electronic applications such as transparent electrodes, thin film transistors, and optoelectronic devices. ZnO thin films have a wide band gap energy of 3.37 eV and transparency in visible region. Moreover, ZnO thin films can be deposited in a poly-crystalline form even at room temperature, extending the choice of substrates including even plastics. Therefore, it is possible to realize thin film transistors by using ZnO thin films as the active channel layer. In this work, we investigated influence of oxygen partial pressure on ZnO thin films and fabricated ZnO-based thin film transistors. ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by using a pulsed laser deposition technique in various oxygen partial pressures from 20 to 100 mTorr at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission line method (TLM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were employed to study the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the ZnO thin films. As a result, 80 mTorr was optimal condition for active layer of thin film transistors, since the active layer of thin film transistors needs high resistivity to achieve low off-current and high on-off ratio. The fabricated ZnO-based thin film transistors operated in the enhancement mode with high field effect mobility and low threshold voltage.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.388-388
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• 2011

Graphene, with its unique physical and structural properties, has recently become a proving ground for various physical phenomena, and is a promising candidate for a variety of electronic device and flexible display applications. The physical properties of graphene depend directly on the thickness. These properties lead to the possibility of its application in high-performance transparent conducting films (TCFs). Compared to indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which have a typical sheet resistance of ~60 ${\Omega}/sq$ and ~85% transmittance in the visible range, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized graphene electrodes have a higher transmittance in the visible to IR region and are more robust under bending. Nevertheless, the lowest sheet resistance of the currently available CVD graphene electrodes is higher than that of ITO. Here, we report an ingenious strategy, irradiation of MeV electron beam (e-beam) at room temperature under ambient condition,for obtaining size-homogeneous gold nanoparticle decorated on graphene. The nano-particlization promoted by MeV e-beam irradiation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy elemental mapping, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These results clearly revealed that gold nanoparticle with 10~15 nm in mean size were decorated along the surface of the graphene after 1.0 MeV-e-beam irradiation. The fabrication high-performance TCF with optimized doping condition showed a sheet resistance of ~150 ${\Omega}/sq$ at 94% transmittance. A chemical transformation and charge transfer for the metal gold nanoparticle were systematically explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This approach advances the numerous applications of graphene films as transparent conducting electrodes.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2017

To verify anti-diabetic effect of oligopeptide with His-Pro repeats (mHP peptide), the oligopeptide was first secreted and optimized using the secretion vector, pRBAS with alkaline protease gene promoter and the signal sequence in Bacillus subtilis and directly the anti-diabetic effect of the mHP peptide was investigated in insulinoma cell, RINm5F cell line. The oligopeptide gene was obtained by annealing oligonucleotides with repeated His-Pro sequence and finally was constructed as 18 dipeptides (108 bp and 4.0 kDa) coding gene, named oligopeptide with His-Pro repeats (mHP peptide) to make cyclo(His-Pro) known to be anti-diabetic effects. The region encoding the oligopeptide gene was subcloned into the pRBAS secretion vector (E.coli-Bacillus shuttle vector) after PCR amplification using the designed primers including initiation and termination codons and His tag, named pRBAS-mHP (6.56 kb). To optimize secretion of the oligopeptide, various culture conditions were investigated in Bacillus subtilis LKS. As a result, the secreted oligopeptide was maximally measured (approximately $59.6{\mu}g/mL$) in 3 L batch culture and the highest secretion was achieved at $30^{\circ}C$, PY medium, and carbon sources (particularly barley and glycerol). In the RINm5F cells treated with 2 mM STZ, the oligopeptide treatment (0.1 mg/mL) restored the cell viability (10%) and reduced the nitric oxide (NO) generation (35%) and DNA fragmentation (90%). And also, insulin secretion level was increased to 17% higher than in STZ-treated RINm5F cells. These results suggest that the oligopeptide with His-Pro repeats could be a candidate material for anti-diabetic agent against STZ-induced diabetes.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

기존의 화상 회의 시스템에서는 카메라가 고정되어 있어서 사용자의 움직임에 제약을 주어 사용자를 부자연스럽게 한다. 이러한 부자연스러움을 해결하기 위해서는 얼굴의 움직임을 추적해야 하는데, 이때 얼굴 전체를 정보로 추적하는 것은 얼굴 전체를 하나의 특징으로 규정짓기도 힘들고 연산 시간이 많이 걸린다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 얼굴의 움직임을 효율적으로 추적하기 위해서는 얼굴상의 몇 개의 특징점을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 논문은 화상 회의에서 자연스러운 사용자 인터페이스를 위한 자동 얼굴 추적 시스템의 필수적인 요소인 눈 위치 검출의 효과적인 방법에 대하여 논한다. 눈은 얼굴 내에서 가장 뚜렷하며 단순한 특징을 가지고 있으므로 얼굴을 추적하기 위한 가장 중요한 정보가 된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 얼굴 후보 영역 추출 단계를 거친 얼굴 후보 영역들에 대해 적용되며, 기존 방법들에 비해 조명에 특별한 제약을 받지 않으며 얼굴 크기와 안경에 대한 제약도 가지고 있지 않다. 또한, 화상 회의 환경에 대한 on-line 실험에서 좋은 결과를 나타냈다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.26-26
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• 2015

Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, one of the most devastating plant diseases. P. infestans secretes effector proteins that are both modulators and targets of host plant immunity. Among these are the so-called RXLR effectors that function inside plant cells and are characterized by a conserved motif following the N-terminal signal peptide. In contrast, the effector activity is encoded by the C terminal region that follows the RXLR domain. Recently, I performed in planta functional profiling of different RXLR effector alleles. These genes were amplified from a variety of P. infestans isolates and cloned into a Potato virus X (PVX) vector for transient in planta expression. I assayed for R-gene specific induction of hypersensitive cell death. The findings included the discovery of new effector with avirulence activity towards the Solanum bulbocastanum Rpi-blb2 resistance gene. The Rpi-blb2 encodes a protein with a putative CC-NBS-LRR (a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat) motif that confers Phytophthora late blight disease resistance. We examined the components required for Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance to P. infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to repress candidate genes in N. benthamiana and to assay against P. infestans infections. NbSGT1 was required for disease resistance to P. infestans and hypersensitive responses (HRs) triggered by co-expression of AVRblb2 and Rpi-blb2 in N. benthamiana. RAR1 and HSP90 did not affect disease resistance or HRs in Rpi-blb2-transgenic plants. To elucidate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance, we analyzed the response of NahG-transgenic plants following P. infestans infection. The increased susceptibility of Rpi-blb2-transgenic plants in the NahG background correlated with reduced SA and SA glucoside levels. Furthermore, Rpi-blb2-mediated HR cell death was associated with $H_2O_2$, but not SA, accumulation. SA affects basal defense and Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans. These findings provide evidence about the roles of SGT1 and SA signaling in Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans.