• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Objectives : A case series was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of Hang-Am Plus (HAP) on the tumor response and HRQoL (Health Related Quality of Life) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods : Three patients were given 1,000-2,000 mg of HAP, three times a day (daily total dosage of 3,000-6,000 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Results : After the 3 month administration with HAP, three patients showed stable disease (SD) condition according to the chest computed tomography (CT), and two of the patients reported a decrease in pain levels. Conclusions : The observed NSCLC cases suggest treatment with HAP may be related to the observed tumor growth inhibition and pain reduction.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2007

Purpose: This research studied the nurses' knowledge and attitude about pain management. Method: The research subjects were 465 nurses working at three university hospitals in Seoul and at one university hospital in Kyunggi-do. The survey results were collected between October 13 and 21 in 2004. Result: The overall mean score of correct answers on knowledge about pain management was 73.34, general knowledge 71.08, and cancer pain control was 93.93. Similarly, the mean score of correct answers on knowledge about the classification of analgesics was 75.89, while the knowledge of their use was only 52.48. The overall characteristics related to the degree of the nurses' knowledge about pain management were their educational background and their experiences of pain education. In a similar view, the overall characteristics related to the knowledge about the classification of analgesics were age and religion. Likewise, the use of analgesics was related to field of service and the experience of pain education. Finally, the overall characteristics related to the nurse's attitude toward pain management were their field of service and their position. Conclusion: The results of this study could be useful to institutions involved in the education and application of patient pain management.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2020

From the perspective of the definition of pain, pain can be divided into emotional and sensory components, which originate from potential and actual tissue damage, respectively. The pharmacologic treatment of the emotional pain component includes antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. The anti-anxiety drugs have anti-anxious, sedative, and somnolent effects. The antipsychotics are effective in patients with positive symptoms of psychosis. On the other hand, the sensory pain component can be divided into nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are usually applied for somatic and visceral nociceptive pain, respectively; anticonvulsants and antidepressants are administered for the treatment of neuropathic pain with positive and negative symptoms, respectively. The NSAIDs, which inhibit the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects; however, they have a therapeutic ceiling. The adverse reactions (ADRs) of the NSAIDs include gastrointestinal problems, generalized edema, and increased bleeding tendency. The opioids, which bind to the opioid receptors, present an analgesic effect only, without anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, or ceiling effects. The ADRs of the opioids start from itching and nausea/vomiting to cardiovascular and respiratory depression, as well as constipation. The anticonvulsants include carbamazepine, related to sodium channel blockade, and gabapentin and pregabalin, related to calcium blockade. The antidepressants show their analgesic actions mainly through inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine. Most drugs, except NSAIDs, need an updose titration period. The principle of polypharmacy for analgesia in case of mixed components of pain is increasing therapeutic effects while reducing ADRs, based on the origin of the pain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3139-3144
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• 2014

Background: Medical treatment for eliminating the side effects of cancer therapy may not always be efficacious. Acupuncture is one of the most widely accepted alternative and complementary therapies in use today. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of acupuncture in patients experiencing cancer treatment side effects, including nausea, vomiting, pain, poor sleep quality and anxiety. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 inpatients who underwent chemotherapy between February and April 2013 in the Oncology Department of Numune Hospital were included in our study. Acupuncture was administered to the patients one day prior to chemotherapy, on the day of chemotherapy and one day after chemotherapy. The patients were evaluated on nausea, vomiting, pain, sleep quality and anxiety before the chemotherapy and on the $4^{th}$ day of chemotherapy. Results: Of the 45 patients included in the study, 18 (40%) were female and 27 (60%) were male. A total of 25 (55.6%) had an elementary school education; 32 patients (71%) had stage 4 cancer and were treated with palliative chemotherapy (the patient characteristics are shown in Table 1). Statistically significant decreases (p<0.001) in pain, nausea, vomiting, insomnia and anxiety scores were observed after the acupuncture treatment compared to baseline. There were no differences in the age, gender, education level, stage or metastasis levels between the patient groups whose symptoms improved or were unchanged. Conclusions: Our study showed that acupuncture has positive effects in cancer treatment patients who experience nausea, vomiting, pain, poor sleep quality and anxiety as side effects of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-related side effects in cancer patients could be decreased by the concurrent use of acupuncture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4859-4862
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• 2015

Background: Fatigue, stress and pain are common symptoms among cancer patients, affecting the quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of distant Reiki on pain, anxiety and fatigue in oncology patients. Materials and Methods: Participants in the control group received usual medical and nursing care during their stay. The intervention group received usual care plus five distant Reiki sessions, one each night for 30 min. A face to face interview was performed and patient personal and illness related characteristics were evaluated using the Patient Characteristics form. Pain, stress and fatigue were evaluated according to a numeric rating scale. Results: The experimental group was predominantly composed of women (71.4%), married individuals (40%), and primary school graduates (40%). The control group was predominantly male (72.7%), married (60%), and primary school graduates (60%). The control group demonstrated greater levels of pain (p=0.002), stress (p=0.001) and fatigue (p=0.001). The Reiki group pain score (p <0.0001), stress score (p <0.001) and fatigue score were also significantly lower. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Reiki may d ecreasepain, anxiety and fatigue in oncology patients.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine potential factors related to the management of cancer pain, that is, hospital institutional factors as well as personal aspects of nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive research study in which 229 RNs working in 2 tertiary medical institutions in Seoul and 4 secondary medical institutions in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi were surveyed. Results: It was found that nurses' knowledge about pain intervention, their working division and their knowledge about the use of analgesics had different effects on their pharmacologic interventions. These 3 variables explained 14.5% of the variance regarding pharmacologic interventions. On the other hand, nurses' knowledge about pain interventions and nursing organization were variables affecting non-pharmacologic interventions by the nurses. These two variables explained 22.1% of the variance regarding non-pharmacologic interventions by the nurses. Conclusion: The findings indicate that nursing organization, one of hospital institutional factors, had significant effects on non-pharmacologic interventions. Therefore, to increase effective pain management by nurses, an organizational system should be established such as placement of nurse practitioners, improvement of nurses' autonomy in pain management, and development and distribution of standardized guidelines.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effect of soft tissue technique (STT) in Axillary Web Syndrome (AWS) following sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in breast cancer patients by examining the upper extremity function, range of motion, and pain. Methods: Nineteen patients with breast cancer-related AWS were evaluated. STT was performed on the symptom area for treatment of AWS symptoms. We evaluated AWS symptoms and pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and functional disability using the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, glenohumeral joint (GHJ) flexion and abduction range of motion (ROM) with or without elbow extension. Results: Visual analyses of the data suggest a modest effect of STT in improving GHJ flexion, abduction ROM with or without elbow extension, DASH for upper extremity function, and Pain. The statistically significant improvement in baseline observed for pain, DASH, and ROM data made it impossible to assess the effects of STT on those outcomes. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: STT may be an effective and safe treatment option for AWS patients recovering from breast cancer treatment; however, further research is needed.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore factors related quality of life among cancer survivor in order to identify strategies for cancer survivors to go back to normal life and carry on stable and high quality life. Methods : This study used the $1^{st}$ to $6^{th}$ data of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLoSA). The sample of this study consisted of 118 cancer survivors, all of whom were diagnosed with cancer for more than 10 years later in 2016. Results : Regression analysis of major factors related to the quality of life of elderly cancer survivors showed that the results of 2006 and 2016 were different. In 2006, factors related to cancer were highly correlated with quality of life, but in 2016, it was associated with pain and depression. Conclusions : The results of this study confirm that the factors related to quality of life in cancer survivors change with survival period. Therefore, this study suggests comprehensive care strategies based on the stage of survivorship.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

목적 : 본 연구는 복강신경총 차단술을 시행한 상복부 암성통증 환자들을 대상으로 침치료가 암관련 통증을 감소시키는 효과적이고 안전한 치료법임을 증명하기에 적합한지를 알아보기 위한 예비연구이다. 방법 : 본 연구는 3주간 진행되는 무작위배정 대조군 예비임상연구이며, 총14명의 피험자들은 시험군 (복강신경총차단술+침치료)과 대조군 (복강신경총차단술)으로 무작위배정된다. 모든 피험자들은 복강신경총 차단술을 1회 시술 받으며, 오직 시험군의 경우에만 주 3회, 2주간 총 6회의 추가적인 침치료를 시술받을 예정이다. 1차 유효성 평가변수는 통증에 대한 VAS를, 2차 유효성 평가변수는 Painvison과 추가 진통제 소비량을 측정한다. 평가는 시험시작 전, 시험 1주, 2주 및 3주후에 이루어지게 된다. 결론 : 본 연구는 추후 본격적인 무작위배정 대조군 임상시험을 위한 예비연구로서, 본 연구를 통해 상복부 암성 통증치료에 있어서 침치료가 복강신경총차단술과 같이 병행치료 했을 때 임상적으로 유효함을 증명할 수 있는 근거를 마련해 줄 것이라 사료된다.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2021

Upper limb morbidity including shoulder pain, lymphedema, adhesive capsulitis, myofascial pain syndrome, and limited range of motions (LROMs) occurs frequently in breast cancer patients. Especially restricted upper limb motion aggravated by chronic lymphedema results in functional limitation and impaired activities of daily living (ADL). However, conventional rehabilitation therapy including complex decongestive therapy and stretching exercise is insufficient for managing advanced breast cancer patients with complex upper limb morbidity. Here, we report a case of breast cancer-related chronic lymphedema in a 62-years old female with severe LROM in all joints of the affected upper extremity that caused severe disability in ADL. Significant improvements in range of motion and upper extremity function were observed after serial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy. Therefore, ESWT might be recommended for managing the extensive limited joint motion which causes functional decline in a patient of chronic lymphedema with trophic skin change.