• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1065-1068
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• 2012

Background: Liver cancer is the most frequent cancer among Thais especially people in northeastern Thailand, but there has as yet been no assessment of trend. The data of all cancers in Khon Kaen can be retrieved from data base of the Khon Kaen Cancer Registry (KKCR) which was established in 1984. Objective: To assess the incidence trend of hepatocellular carcinoma in Khon Kaen, Thailand, between 1990 and 2009. Methods: Population-based cases of liver cancer registered between 1985 and 2009 were retrieved from the KKCR data base and cases with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the coding C22.0 according to ICD-O were selected. Incidence trends were calculated using the Jointpoint analysis. Results: There were 7,859 cases of HCC during the study period. Males were affected two times more frequently than females. The most common age group of cases was 50 and 69 years (60.3%). Most patients were diagnosed based on radiology imaging (40.6%) while the morphology verification was 7%. The age-standardized rates (ASR) were 13.1 to 49.8 per 100,000 among males and 4.8 to 38.4 per 100,000 among females depending on year of diagnosis since 1985. Remarkably, the ASRs were clearly low during first few years of starting the registration. The overall ASRs of HCC were 30.3 per 100,000 in males (95% CI: 25.9 to 34.6) and 13.1 per 100,000 (95% CI: 10.4 to 15.8) in females. During 1990-2009, the trends in incidences have been decreasing significantly with the annual percent change (APC) of 6.2% per year (95% CI: -7.6 to -4.8) in males and by 6.5% per year in females (95% CI: -8.4 to -4.9). Conclusions: The incidence trends have been decreasing in both sexes. The recent decline in incidence may represent a falling risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

X-ray general radiography is the simplest and most important one to get a lot of information. Nevertheless, current x-ray general radiography does not observation in-depth observation. Information about the anatomy of the human body and changes in disease in x-ray general radiography can be obtained but it is difficult to determine the size and shape of the actual lesion due to the disadvantage of expanding the image. In this study, PA and LAT images were acquired and cancer magnification was calculated in the images by measuring the distance of cancer samples. By adjusting the magnification the actual cancer length and thickness were measured and compared with the CT image and the actual cancer sample size. After the PA and LAT images of the inserted 6.0 mm cancer sample were obtained and the magnification was corrected, the length was 5.9 mm and the thickness was 6.1 mm. This value was measured similarly to the actual. The problem of obtaining the magnification that needs to know the actual length from the detector to the cancer sample was secured by obtaining the magnification through PA and LAT images and it is possible to accurately measure the cancer sample size. X-ray general radiography may provide useful information in situations where CT imaging is difficult.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 2009

Purpose: Today, Prostate cancer has been gradually increasing, according to the change of internal incidence rate of cancer. Generally, prostate cancer has lead to dead over 90%, in case of metastasis of lymph node and bone. So, innovative development of new radiopharmaceutical and imaging modality is progressed for detection of that metastasis, in nuclear medicine, now. Therefore, this study shows the usefulness of $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT improved diagnosability on bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, 33 male patients with prostate cancer were examined (The mean age: $67.8{\pm}10.2$ years old). Every patient was done each whole body bone scan (WBBS) and $^{18}F$-Fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography ($^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT). And then, using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC curve), each sensitivity and specificity of two modalities was measured and compared with. Results: In 22 patients (66.6%) of all, bone metastasis was detected. And, in WBBS, sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity, 81.8%; in $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 90.9%. As a result of ROC curve, AUROC (The Area under an ROC) of WBBS was 0.778, and that of $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT, 0.942. Conclusions: $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT was higher both sensitivity and specificity than WBBS, and it was valuable to detect bone metastasis of prostate cancer more definitely, with 3D imaging realization. Also, in $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT, physiological images were acquired in more short time than WBBS, so, it was possible to reduce patient's waiting time and complaint. Therefore, it is considered that $^{18}F$-Fluoride PET/CT is able to improve diagnosability by offering more accurate images, as cuts in a share of high cost.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.66-75
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• 2001

Although diverse mechanisms are involved in multidrug resistance for chemotherapeutic drugs, the development of cellular P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP) are important factors in the chemotherapy failure to cancer. Various detection assays provide information about the presence of drug efflux pumps at the mRNA and protein levels. However these methods do not yield information about dynamic function of Pgp and MRP un vivo. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are available for the detection of Pgp and MRP-mediated transport. $^{99m}Tc$-sestaMIBl and other $^{99m}Tc$-radiopharmaceuticals are substrates for Pgp and MRP, and have been used in clinical studies for tumor imaging, and to visualize blockade of Pgp-mediated transport after modulation of Pgp pump. Colchicine, verapamil and daunorubicin labeled with $^{11}C$ have been evaluated for the quantification of Pgp-mediated transport with PET in vivo and reported to be feasible substrates with which to image Pgp function in tumors. Leukotrienes are specific substrates for MRP and N-$[^{11}C]$acetyl-leukotriene E4 provides an opportunity to study MRP function non-invasively in vivo. Results obtained from recent publications are reviewed to confirm the feasibility of using SPECT and PET to study the functionality of MDR transporters in vivo.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.45-53
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• 2002

Positron Emission Tomography(PET) was introduced as a research tool in the 1970s and it took about 20 years before PET became an useful clinical imaging modality. In the USA, insurance coverage for PET procedures in the 1990s was the turning point, I believe, for this progress. Initially PET was used in neurology but recently more than 80% of PET procedures are in oncological applications. I firmly believe, in the 21st century, one can not manage cancer patients properly without PET and PET is very important medical imaging modality in basic and clinical sciences. PET is grouped into 2 categories : conventional(c) and gamma camera $based_{(CB)}$ PET. $_{CB}PET$ is more readily available utilizing dual-head gamma cameras and commercially available FDG to many medical centers at low cost to patients. In fact there are more $_{CB}PET$ in operation than cPET in the USA. $_{CB}PET$ is inferior to cPET in its performance but clinical studies in oncology is feasible without expensive infrastructures such as staffing, rooms and equipments. At Ajou university Hospital, CBPET was installed in late 1997 for the first time in Korea as well as in Asia and the system has been used successfully and effectively in oncological applications. Ours was the fourth PET operation in Korea and I believe this may have been instrumental for other institutions got interested in clinical PET. The fellowing is a brief description of our clinical experience of FDG CBPET in oncology.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.499-504
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• 2009

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in diagnosis of malignant tumors and adds to conventional imaging in the staging of pertoneal carcinomatosis. However, false positive cases resulting from benign disease such as tuberculosis may occur. We report two cases of peritoneal tuberculosis on F-18 FDG PET/CT which showed multiple hypermetabolic foci in the mesentery and peritoneum with increased serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125). Subsequent F-18 FDG PET/CT showed a disappearance of pathologic uptake following treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

To evaluate the relative time required to perform a CT(computed tomography) examination in a filmless versus a film-based system and helical versus nonhelical studies. Time and Motion studies were performed in 175 consecutive CT examinations. Images from 85 examinations were electronically transferred to a PACS, and 90 were printed to film. The time required to obtain and electronically transfer the images or print the images to film and make the current and previous studies available to the radiologists for interpretation was recorded. The time required for a radiological technologist to complete a CT examination was reduced by 43% with the PACS compared with the film-based system and nonhelical was reduced 10-20% with helical studies. This reduction was due to the elimination of a transfer and printing, such as the printing at window or level settings. The use of PACS can result in the elimination of time tasks for the radiological technologist, resulting in marked reduction in examination time. This reduction can result in decreased cost and increased productivity in PACS operation.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.51
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• pp.329.1-329.9
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• 2018

Background: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed to identify brain lesions in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and type of brain lesions among Korean girls with CPP and evaluate the need for routine brain MRI examinations. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated data on 3,528 girls diagnosed with CPP from April 2003 to December 2016, and identified 317 girls who underwent sellar MRI. Exclusion criteria were patients with a known brain tumor or who did not undergo brain MRI due to refusal or the decision of the pediatric endocrinologist. Results: Normal sellar MRI findings were observed in 291 of the 317 girls (91.8%). Incidental findings were observed in 26 girls (8.2%). None of the patients had pathological brain lesions. Conclusion: The prevalence of intracranial lesions among girls who were generally healthy and without neurological symptoms but diagnosed with CPP was lower than that previously reported. Furthermore, none of the identified lesions required treatment. It may be prudent to reconsider the routine use of brain MRI to screen all patients with CPP, especially if they are healthy and neurologically asymptomatic, and are girls aged 6-8 years.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.533-538
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• 2019

The mechanical-collimation imaging is the most mature technology in prompt gamma (PG) imaging which is considered the most promising technology for beam range verification in proton therapy. The purpose of the present study is to compare the performances of two mechanical-collimation PG cameras, knife-edge (KE) camera and multi-slit (MS) camera. For this, the PG cameras were modeled by Geant4 Monte Carlo code, and the performances of the cameras were compared for imaginary point and line sources and for proton beams incident on a cylindrical PMMA phantom. From the simulation results, the KE camera was found to show higher counting efficiency than the MS camera, being able to estimate the beam range even for $10^7$ protons. Our results, however, confirmed that in order to estimate the beam range correctly, the KE camera should be aligned, at least approximately, to the location of the proton beam range. The MS camera was found to show lower efficiency, being able to estimate the beam range correctly only when the number of the protons is at least $10^8$. For enough number of protons, however, the MS camera estimated the beam range correctly, errors being less than 1.2 mm, regardless of the location of the camera.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to report a case in which neoplasm metastases of cervical vertebrae were found in lung cancer patient during inpatient treatment for neck pain. Pain assessment and physical examination including numeral rating scale, range of motion of neck, Spurling's test, cervical compression test were performed. As a result, C-spine series X-ray was taken under the judgement it is not a simple neck pain. Bone metastases were suspected as X-ray showed loss of C7 left pedicle, indistinct C7 left transverse process and indistinct C4 upper margin. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were taken as further examination, and metastases of C4, C6, C7 were confirmed. The patient was transferred for professional treatment. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of appropriate diagnostic evaluation such as pain assessment and physical examination, and the need for diagnostic imaging in the treatment of patients with neoplasm history.